Novelty of Different Distance Approach for Multi-Criteria Decision-Making Challenges Using q-Rung Vague Sets

In this article,multiple attribute decision-making problems are solved using the vague normal set(VNS).It is possible to generalize the vague set(VS)and q-rung fuzzy set(FS)into the q-rung vague set(VS).A log q-rung normal vague weighted averaging(log q-rung NVWA),a log q-rung normal vague weighted geometric(log q-rung NVWG),a log generalized q-rung normal vague weighted averaging(log Gq-rung NVWA),and a log generalized q-rungnormal vagueweightedgeometric(logGq-rungNVWG)operator are discussed in this article.Adescription is provided of the scoring function,accuracy function and operational laws of the log q-rung VS.The algorithms underlying these functions are also described.A numerical example is provided to extend the Euclidean distance and the Humming distance.Additionally,idempotency,boundedness,commutativity,and monotonicity of the log q-rung VS are examined as they facilitate recognizing the optimal alternative more quickly and help clarify conceptualization.We chose five anemia patients with four types of symptoms including seizures,emotional shock or hysteria,brain cause,and high fever,who had either retrograde amnesia,anterograde amnesia,transient global amnesia,post-traumatic amnesia,or infantile amnesia.Natural numbers q are used to express the results of the models.To demonstrate the effectiveness and accuracy of the models we are investigating,we compare several existing models with those that have been developed.

气提/FID法检测石化企业冷却水中VOCs

冷却水塔VOCs逸散管控在石化行业VOCs深度减排工作中占有重要地位,水中VOCs定量检测尤显重要。文章以某地区3家石化企业为研究对象,采用气提/FID法对4座冷却水塔进行VOCs定量检测研究,将检测结果与传统GC/MS法进行对比,以期指导水中VOCs定量检测工作。研究结果表明,石化企业冷却水中VOCs浓度为11.9~22.8μg/L(以甲烷计),主要含有丙酮、氯仿、异丙醇及苯乙烯等组分;气提/FID法更有利于低沸点VOCs组分的检测,对于水中溶解度较高和吹除效率不佳的醇类、酸类等VOCs化合物检测结果可能偏低。

预浓缩-GC-MS/FID同时测定环境空气中104种挥发性有机物

建立了预浓缩-GC-MS/FID双检测器同时测定环境空气中104种挥发性有机物(VOCs)的分析方法。利用中心切割,将C2~C3低沸点组分与其他组分切割到不同极性色谱柱分离,分别用FID和MS检测,提高了低碳组分的分析灵敏度。方法线性良好,相关系数均大于0.99,检出限为0.01×10^(-9)~0.12×10^(-9),RSD为0.5%~15.6%,加标回收率为83.4%~106%。

Robust free-space optical frequency transfer in time-varying link distances conditions

Future inter-satellite clock comparison on high orbit will require optical time and frequency transmission technology between moving objects.Here,we demonstrate robust optical frequency transmission under the condition of variable link distance.This variable link is accomplished by the relative motion of a single telescope fixed on the experimental platform to a corner-cube reflector(CCR)installed on a sliding guide.Two acousto–optic modulators with different frequencies are used to separate forward signal from backward signal.With active phase noise suppression,when the CCR moves back and forth at a constant velocity of 20 cm/s and an acceleration of 20 cm/s^(2),we achieve the best frequency stability of 1.9×10^(-16) at 1 s and 7.9×10^(-19) at 1000 s indoors.This work paves the way for future studying optical frequency transfer between ultra-high-orbit satellites.

Extended Lorenz majorization and frequencies of distances in an undirected network

Purpose:To contribute to the study of networks and graphs.Design/methodology/approach:We apply standard mathematical thinking.Findings:We show that the distance distribution in an undirected network Lorenz majorizes the one of a chain.As a consequence,the average and median distances in any such network are smaller than or equal to those of a chain.Research limitations:We restricted our investigations to undirected,unweighted networks.Practical implications:We are convinced that these results are useful in the study of small worlds and the so-called six degrees of separation property.Originality/value:To the best of our knowledge our research contains new network results,especially those related to frequencies of distances.

Source localization in signed networks with effective distance

While progress has been made in information source localization,it has overlooked the prevalent friend and adversarial relationships in social networks.This paper addresses this gap by focusing on source localization in signed network models.Leveraging the topological characteristics of signed networks and transforming the propagation probability into effective distance,we propose an optimization method for observer selection.Additionally,by using the reverse propagation algorithm we present a method for information source localization in signed networks.Extensive experimental results demonstrate that a higher proportion of positive edges within signed networks contributes to more favorable source localization,and the higher the ratio of propagation rates between positive and negative edges,the more accurate the source localization becomes.Interestingly,this aligns with our observation that,in reality,the number of friends tends to be greater than the number of adversaries,and the likelihood of information propagation among friends is often higher than among adversaries.In addition,the source located at the periphery of the network is not easy to identify.Furthermore,our proposed observer selection method based on effective distance achieves higher operational efficiency and exhibits higher accuracy in information source localization,compared with three strategies for observer selection based on the classical full-order neighbor coverage.

GC-MS/FID双柱测定环境空气中57种臭氧前体物

建立了GC-MS/FID双柱同时测定环境空气中57种臭氧前体物的分析方法。实验结果表明:在0.5~10 nmol/mol范围内,57种臭氧前体物相关线性系数均大于0.999,5种低碳类(C_(2)~C_(3))目标化合物方法检出限为0.05~0.15 nmol/mol,其他52种目标化合物的平均相对响应因子均小于10%,方法检出限为0.02~0.16 nmol/mol,加标回收率在91.3%~103.9%之间,相对标准偏差(RSD,n=6)为0.3%~7.2%之间,实际样品分析结果表明,本方法适用于环境空气中57种臭氧前体物的测定和应用。

Numerical Analysis of the Influence of the Impinging Distance on the Scouring Efficiency of Submerged Jets

Water jet technology is widely used in submerged buried pipes as a non-traditional trenching process,often invol-ving a complex sediment response.An important adjustable and influential engineering variable in this technol-ogy is represented by the impinging distance.In this study,the FLOW-3D software was used to simulate the jet scouring of sand beds in a submerged environment.In particular,four sets of experimental conditions were con-sidered to discern the relationship between the maximum scour depth and mass and the impinging distance.As shown by the results,a critical impinging distance h0 exists by which the static scour depth can be maximized;the scour mass ratio between dynamic and static conditions decreases as the impinging distance increases.Moreover,the profile contours are similar when the erosion parameter Ec is in the range 0.35<Ec<2.Empirical equations applicable for predicting the jet trenching contour under both dynamic and static scour modes are also provided in this study.

Interrelationships between Length of the Day, Moon Distance, Phanerozoic Geodynamic Cycles, Tidal Dissipation and Earth’s Core: Review and Analysis

The rotation of the Earth and the related length of the day (LOD) are predominantly affected by tidal dissipation through the Moon and the growth of the Earth’s core. Due to the increased concentration of mass around the rotation axis of the spinning Earth during the growth of the core the rotation should have been accelerated. Controversially the tidal dissipation by the Moon, which is mainly dependent on the availability of open shallow seas and the kind of Moon escape from a nearby position, acts towards a deceleration of the rotating Earth. Measurements of LOD for Phanerozoic and Precambrian times open ways to solve questions concerning the geodynamical history of the Earth. These measurements encompass investigations of growth patterns in fossils and depositional patterns in sediments (Cyclostratigraphy, Tidalites, Stromatolites, Rhythmites). These patterns contain information on the LOD and on the changing distance between Earth and Moon and can be used as well for a discussion about the growth of the Earth’s core. By updating an older paper with its simple approach as well as incorporating newly published results provided by the geoscientific community, a moderate to fast growth of the core in a hot early Earth will be favored controversially to the assumption of a delayed development of the core in an originally cold Earth. Core development with acceleration of Earth’s rotation and the contemporaneous slowing down due to tidal dissipation during the filling of the ocean may significantly interrelate.

The Effect of Lateral Offset Distance on the Aerodynamics and Fuel Economy of Vehicle Queues

The vehicle industry is always in search of breakthrough energy-saving and emission-reduction technologies.In recent years,vehicle intelligence has progressed considerably,and researchers are currently trying to take advantage of these developments.Here we consider the case of many vehicles forming a queue,i.e.,vehicles traveling at a predetermined speed and distance apart.While the majority of existing studies on this subject have focused on the influence of the longitudinal vehicle spacing,vehicle speed,and the number of vehicles on aerodynamic drag and fuel economy,this study considers the lateral offset distance of the vehicle queue.The group fuel consumption savings rate is calculated and analyzed.As also demonstrated by experimental results,some aerodynamic benefits exist.Moreover,the fuel consumption saving rate of the vehicle queue decreases as the lateral offset distance increases.

Essential proteins identification method based on four-order distances and subcellular localization information

Essential proteins are inseparable in cell growth and survival. The study of essential proteins is important for understanding cellular functions and biological mechanisms. Therefore, various computable methods have been proposed to identify essential proteins. Unfortunately, most methods based on network topology only consider the interactions between a protein and its neighboring proteins, and not the interactions with its higher-order distance proteins. In this paper, we propose the DSEP algorithm in which we integrated network topology properties and subcellular localization information in protein–protein interaction(PPI) networks based on four-order distances, and then used random walks to identify the essential proteins. We also propose a method to calculate the finite-order distance of the network, which can greatly reduce the time complexity of our algorithm. We conducted a comprehensive comparison of the DSEP algorithm with 11 existing classical algorithms to identify essential proteins with multiple evaluation methods. The results show that DSEP is superior to these 11 methods.

Analysis for Effects of Temperature Rise of PV Modules upon Driving Distance of Vehicle Integrated Photovoltaic Electric Vehicles

The development of vehicle integrated photovoltaics-powered electric vehicles (VIPV-EV) significantly reduces CO2 emissions from the transport sector to realize a decarbonized society. Although long-distance driving of VIPV-EV without electricity charging is expected in sunny regions, driving distance of VIPV-EV is affected by climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules. In this paper, detailed analytical results for effects of climate conditions such as solar irradiation and temperature rise of PV modules upon driving distance of the VIPV-EV were presented by using test data for Toyota Prius and Nissan Van demonstration cars installed with high-efficiency InGaP/GaAs/InGaAs 3-junction solar cell modules with a module efficiency of more than 30%. The temperature rise of some PV modules studied in this study was shown to be expressed by some coefficients related to solar irradiation, wind speed and radiative cooling. The potential of VIPV-EV to be deployed in 10 major cities was also analyzed. Although sunshine cities such as Phoenix show the high reduction ratio of driving range with 17% due to temperature rise of VIPV modules, populous cities such as Tokyo show low reduction ratio of 9%. It was also shown in this paper that the difference between the driving distance of VIPV-EV driving in the morning and the afternoon is due to PV modules’ radiative cooling. In addition, the importance of heat dissipation of PV modules and the development of high-efficiency PV modules with better temperature coefficients was suggested in order to expand driving range of VIPV-EV. The effects of air-conditioner usage and partial shading in addition to the effects of temperature rise of VIPV modules were suggested as the other power losses of VIPV-EV.

Study on Fatigue Life Prediction of TC4-DT Structural Simulants by Using Critical Distance Theory

In the actual engineering of the structure, mechanical notch is inevitable, which will significantly reduce the fatigue life of the structure. In order to ensure the application of notch structures in engineering, the accurate evaluation of the impact of notch on fatigue life has become the basis of fatigue reliability design of structures. To investigate the influence of the concave structure on the overall fatigue life in practical engineering, three different sizes of V-notch parts and concave structure simulation parts were designed, and the life prediction was carried out by using the critical distance method. The results show that the stress gradient of the concave structure with the same stress concentration coefficient is much greater than that of the V-notch structure. Considering the notch effect, the S-T model in the critical distance method is modified by the stress concentration coefficient and stress gradient, and it is found that the life prediction accuracy reaches the ideal.

Validation of a Method for Characterization of Ethanol in Water by HS-GC-FID to Serve the Traceability of Halal Measurements

The determination of the ethanol content in food products is of fundamental importance for HALAL certification. In this work, an analytical method for the determination of ethanol in water by headspace gas chromatography with flame ionization detector (HS-GC-FID) has been developed and validated for the use in characterization of ethanol reference materials. The validation study was carried out in the linear calibration range 100 - 1500 mg/kg using the NIST SRM 2900, nominal 95.6%. The studied performance characteristics of the method were the limit of detection, LOD, the limit of quantification LOQ, selectivity, linearity, precision, recovery and bias. The validation results showed that the method is selective, precise, accurate and free from any significant bias. The LOD and LOQ were 1.27 and 3.86 mg/kg respectively and the estimated expanded uncertainty was 2% indicating that the method is fit for the purpose of certification of ethanol in water reference materials.

基于LTU3芯片UHF RFID母线测温产品的研究

UHF RFID技术是一种无线无源的远距离射频识别技术,因其具有识别距离远、误码率低、识别速度快、使用寿命长等优势,在电力设备温度监测领域展现出广阔的应用前景。其中,LTU3作为一种多场景低功耗测温产品,在铜排测温方案中得到了广泛的应用。然而,在实际应用于母线槽产品时,发现其通信距离不足的弊端。因此,针对这一问题展开对LTU3芯片在硬件电路设计与封装层面的优化研究,经检测发现,设计后UHF RFID电子标签产品性能得到了有效提升,有效满足了母线槽产品的使用要求。

基于FID色谱法的甲烷/非甲烷总烃在线分析仪的研制

基于氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)色谱法研制了一种甲烷/非甲烷总烃分析仪。采用双色谱柱,根据色谱分离原理,对样气中甲烷和总烃进行延时检测,实时监测样品中的甲烷和非甲烷总烃的浓度。通过标准气体混合物测试,得出仪器具有高准确度和高稳定性的测量结果。

气相色谱仪FID检测器常见故障排除

气相色谱仪常见故障一般分为电子原器件损坏造成的硬件故障和维护、保养不及时造成的软故障两大类。基线不稳、灵敏度降低和进样不出峰是气相色谱仪FID检测器几种常见的软故障,当出现诸如基线向上单向漂移、基线向下单向漂移、基线周期性回到起始位值、峰高小于正常值和色谱峰升降过于陡直等异常色谱图时,可以通过老化色谱柱、更换进样口衬管、调整空气发生器输出压力、调整氢气与空气比例、调整气相色谱仪输出信号电压值和检查信号线连接、清洗进样针等方法加以解决。

预浓缩-GC-MS/FID测定环境空气中116种挥发性有机物

采用预浓缩-气相色谱-质谱/氢火焰离子化检测器联用法(预浓缩-GC-MS/FID)结合Dean Switch中心切割和冷柱箱技术,建立了测定环境空气中116种挥发性有机物(VOCs)的分析方法。通过分析色谱程序升温、预浓缩系统一级冷阱、二级冷阱等条件对测定结果的影响,确定了最优参数,评估了此条件下的方法稳定性和准确性。结果显示,程序升温为-20℃~240℃、一级冷阱解析温度为5℃及二级冷阱捕集温度为-50℃时测定效果最佳,116种VOCs在0.50~20.0 nmol·mol^(-1)范围内线性良好,相关系数(R^(2))为0.994~0.9999;在5.00 nmol·mol^(-1)加标浓度水平下重复进样6次,加标回收率为91.2%~117%,相对标准偏差(RSD)为2.3%~12%。方法简便快速、稳定性好、准确度高,可用于环境空气中116种VOCs的定性定量分析。

UOUU:User-Object Distance and User-User Distance Combined Method for Collaboration Task

Augmented reality superimposes digital information onto objects in the physical world and enables multi-user collaboration.Despite that previous proxemic interaction research has explored many applications of user-object distance and user-user distance in an augmented reality context,respectively,and combining both types of distance can improve the efficiency of users’perception and interaction with task objects and collaborators by providing userswith insight into spatial relations of user-task object and user-user,less is concerned about howthe two types of distances can be simultaneously adopted to assist collaboration tasks acrossmulti-users.To fulfill the gap,we present UOUU,the user-object distance and user-user distance combined method for dynamically assigning tasks across users.We conducted empirical studies to investigate how the method affected user collaboration tasks in terms of collaboration occurrence and overall task efficiency.The results show that the method significantly improves the speed and accuracy of the collaboration tasks as well as the frequencies of collaboration occurrences.The study also confirms the method’s effects on stimulating collaboration activities,as the UOUU method has effectively reduced the participants’perceived workload and the overall moving distances during the tasks.Implications for generalising the use of the method are discussed.

基于FID的石化行业典型装置VOCs泄漏测试研究

本文对南京市石油炼制行业5套典型装置开展调查研究,采用氢火焰离子化检测器(FID)对典型装置进行泄漏检测与修复(LDAR)测试,最终综合分析泄漏原因,为环境管控提供技术支撑。经泄漏密封点数量统计,蜡油加氢装置、异丁烷装置和连续重整装置最多。按泄漏率统计,变压吸附(PSA)装置、异丁烷装置和蜡油加氢装置最高。泄漏点最多的组件是阀门和法兰,泄漏排放量最多的主要组件是连接件、法兰和阀门,其占总泄漏量的96%以上。