In the past several decades, dynamic global vegetation models（DGVMs） have been the most widely used and appropriate tool at the global scale to investigate vegetation-climate interactions. At the Institute of Atmosp...In the past several decades, dynamic global vegetation models（DGVMs） have been the most widely used and appropriate tool at the global scale to investigate vegetation-climate interactions. At the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, a new version of DGVM（IAP-DGVM） has been developed and coupled to the Common Land Model（CoLM） within the framework of the Chinese Academy of Sciences＇ Earth System Model（CAS-ESM）. This work reports the performance of IAP-DGVM through comparisons with that of the default DGVM of CoLM（CoLM-DGVM） and observations. With respect to CoLMDGVM, IAP-DGVM simulated fewer tropical trees, more ＂needleleaf evergreen boreal tree＂ and ＂broadleaf deciduous boreal shrub＂, and a better representation of grasses. These contributed to a more realistic vegetation distribution in IAP-DGVM,including spatial patterns, total areas, and compositions. Moreover, IAP-DGVM also produced more accurate carbon fluxes than CoLM-DGVM when compared with observational estimates. Gross primary productivity and net primary production in IAP-DGVM were in better agreement with observations than those of CoLM-DGVM, and the tropical pattern of fire carbon emissions in IAP-DGVM was much more consistent with the observation than that in CoLM-DGVM. The leaf area index simulated by IAP-DGVM was closer to the observation than that of CoLM-DGVM; however, both simulated values about twice as large as in the observation. This evaluation provides valuable information for the application of CAS-ESM, as well as for other model communities in terms of a comparative benchmark.展开更多
以分布式能源站(distributed energy station,DES)为核心的综合能源系统已成为未来发展方向,合理地评价DES健康状态能有效促进其安全稳定运行。为实现DES健康状态的准确评价和全局观测,提出基于前景理论和参考值变换的分布式能源站健康...以分布式能源站(distributed energy station,DES)为核心的综合能源系统已成为未来发展方向,合理地评价DES健康状态能有效促进其安全稳定运行。为实现DES健康状态的准确评价和全局观测,提出基于前景理论和参考值变换的分布式能源站健康状态矢量动态评价方法。首先,考虑DES低碳运行和健康状态评价需求,构建包含低碳运行、供能可靠、系统健康、设备健康维度的DES健康状态评价体系。考虑了指标重要度、贡献度、差异度和灵敏度多重特性,运用博弈论思想将多特性权重融合。其次,考虑健康状态评价不同特点,引入前景理论和参考值思想对评价值变换过程进行改进。通过灰色-优劣解距离法评价模型确定DES健康状态正、负关联度,从而得到健康状态矢量。同时,利用时间权向量和时间维度解决动态评价与全局观测的问题。最后,通过算例验证所提评价方法的科学性与健康状态评价的有效性,将其与传统方法进行对比分析,结果表明该方法在健康度评价方面有更好的效果。展开更多
基金supported by the National Major Research High Performance Computing Program of China(Grant No.2016YFB02008)the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Number 41705070)supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(Grant Numbers 41475099 and 41305096)
文摘In the past several decades, dynamic global vegetation models（DGVMs） have been the most widely used and appropriate tool at the global scale to investigate vegetation-climate interactions. At the Institute of Atmospheric Physics, a new version of DGVM（IAP-DGVM） has been developed and coupled to the Common Land Model（CoLM） within the framework of the Chinese Academy of Sciences＇ Earth System Model（CAS-ESM）. This work reports the performance of IAP-DGVM through comparisons with that of the default DGVM of CoLM（CoLM-DGVM） and observations. With respect to CoLMDGVM, IAP-DGVM simulated fewer tropical trees, more ＂needleleaf evergreen boreal tree＂ and ＂broadleaf deciduous boreal shrub＂, and a better representation of grasses. These contributed to a more realistic vegetation distribution in IAP-DGVM,including spatial patterns, total areas, and compositions. Moreover, IAP-DGVM also produced more accurate carbon fluxes than CoLM-DGVM when compared with observational estimates. Gross primary productivity and net primary production in IAP-DGVM were in better agreement with observations than those of CoLM-DGVM, and the tropical pattern of fire carbon emissions in IAP-DGVM was much more consistent with the observation than that in CoLM-DGVM. The leaf area index simulated by IAP-DGVM was closer to the observation than that of CoLM-DGVM; however, both simulated values about twice as large as in the observation. This evaluation provides valuable information for the application of CAS-ESM, as well as for other model communities in terms of a comparative benchmark.
文摘以分布式能源站(distributed energy station,DES)为核心的综合能源系统已成为未来发展方向,合理地评价DES健康状态能有效促进其安全稳定运行。为实现DES健康状态的准确评价和全局观测,提出基于前景理论和参考值变换的分布式能源站健康状态矢量动态评价方法。首先,考虑DES低碳运行和健康状态评价需求,构建包含低碳运行、供能可靠、系统健康、设备健康维度的DES健康状态评价体系。考虑了指标重要度、贡献度、差异度和灵敏度多重特性,运用博弈论思想将多特性权重融合。其次,考虑健康状态评价不同特点,引入前景理论和参考值思想对评价值变换过程进行改进。通过灰色-优劣解距离法评价模型确定DES健康状态正、负关联度,从而得到健康状态矢量。同时,利用时间权向量和时间维度解决动态评价与全局观测的问题。最后,通过算例验证所提评价方法的科学性与健康状态评价的有效性,将其与传统方法进行对比分析,结果表明该方法在健康度评价方面有更好的效果。
