Spatial distribution of cutaneous anthrax in western Iran from 2009 to 2016:Geographic information system mapping for predicting risk of anthrax outbreaks

Objective:To explore the spatial accumulation of diseases andtheir aggravating factors are essential in all public health.This study attempts to use geographic information system(GIS)to provide more information about the incidence and future of anthrax.Methods:Patients were diagnosed with anthrax in Kurdistan Province from 2009 to 2016.Data was then exported into ArcGIS software version 9 and the required layers for years and areas were added.Final map for each year was drawn up,pointing out the hot spots and predicting its future pattern.Results:Most cases were reported in females(57 cases,54.80%),and the lower body limbs were most affected(63 cases,60.57%).The highest numbers of incidences were related to the cities of Marivan,Saqez and Divandareh,with more concentration in the central parts of the province,rather than borderline areas.The highest percentage of the probable incidence of the disease was in Sanandaj(57.74%)with a potential susceptible area of 1729.12 km2 and then in Saqez(54.36%)with a potential area of 2422.4 km2.Conclusions:A vast area of Kurdistan Province is high risk for new cases of anthrax.Therefore,it is important to scale up the surveillance system in the province.

Function Analyses of Geographic Information System on Rural Distribution Network

With the actuality and characteristic and requirement of rural power enterprise distribution network management, this article introduced the function of geographic information system on the framework of distribution network, in order to develop rural distribution network.

Distribution area demarcation for logistic centers under geographical information system decision support system

Demarcating distribution area of goods is often guided by the rule of thumb by business proprietors. However, this method seems to be unsuitable when the demand points increase to a certain large extent. The present work attempted to convert the problem of distribution area demarcation into a localized problem of warehouseing and networking, and tried to establish district-based planning mode based on location based heuristic (LBH). Two methods were used in this study: 1) the manual method to construct the mathematical model and conduct simulation; 2) the automatic method using TransCAD software of geographical information system (GIS) for simulation. By comparing the effects of the two methods, the research provides theoretical support for business proprietors to demarcate the distribution area rationally with the application of GIS system. The results show that GIS has very good graphics construction function to replace complex text, and the automatic demarcating mode with human-machine interaction provides a good business decision-making support.

Soil Resources Information System for Improving Productivity Using Geo-Informatics Technology

Soil surveying and mapping is an important operation, since it plays a key role in the knowledge about soil nutrients, properties and how it can be used for agriculture. This study was carried out in order to map soil chemical properties and macronutrients status in North, Center and South districts zones of Gujarat state. Geographic Information System (GIS) was used in this study to present the secondary data of the soil which were obtained from Anand Agriculture University (AAU), Gujarat. The major objective of this study was to analyze & visualize the secondary data of soil through IDW, spatial interpolation techniques for suitable mapping in a selected North, Central and South districts of Gujarat state. Various maps showing spatial distribution of micronutrients and chemical properties for North, Center and South districts zones of Gujarat state were prepared. These digital maps can be used in precision farming studies with the application of fertilizers and micro-nutrients as per the requirement and the recommendations. This approach is proposed as a method for the evaluation of sustainable soil management practices such as variable rate of fertilization. This study demonstrates the usefulness of geo-informatics technology in soil survey as well as applications of various micronutrients to specific areas based on recommendations.

基于COM+技术的空间属性数据一体化存取的DGIS

利用微软的COM +技术能够使DGIS提高数据更新的实时性和数据传输的实时性 ,提供数据对象化存取与传输的框架 ,增强数据的安全性 ,同时也符合OpenGIS标准。特别是与UDA数据库技术相结合 ,基于COM +技术的DGIS系统可解决GIS中的空间数据与属性数据的一体化存取的问题 ,并使用VisualBasic 6及UDA体系下的数据访问组件ADO进行了COM +组件的开发 ,对整个框架体系进行了实验。

Security of earthquake disaster reduction system

No matter whether a system is operated manually or automatically controlled by computer, the system’s vulnerability always exists. Earthquake Disaster Reduction System (EDRS) belongs to the category of information system. According to the features of security for EDRS, the steps and the methods on how to build the EDRS security were analyzed. The EDRS security features, security strategies and security measures were also given through a distributed EDRS skeleton that has been applied. Because there was still no appointed and authoritative agency or organization to certify and test EDRS security in China, a national information technology security certification center was introduced and suggested for the certification of the EDRS security. Finally, several discussions and tendencies for the EDRS development were presented.

Distributed Estimation and Analysis of Precipitation Recharge Coefficient in Strongly-exploited Beijing Plain Area, China

The precipitation recharge coefficient(PRC), representing the amount of groundwater recharge from precipitation, is an important parameter for groundwater resources evaluation and numerical simulation. It was usually obtained from empirical knowledge and site experiments in the 1980 s. However, the environmental settings have been greatly modified from that time due to land use change and groundwater over-pumping, especially in the Beijing plain area(BPA). This paper aims to estimate and analyze PRC of BPA with the distributed hydrological model and GIS for the year 2011 with similar annual precipitation as long-term mean. It is found that the recharge from vertical(precipitation + irrigation) and precipitation is 291.0 mm/yr and 233.7 mm/yr, respectively, which accounts for 38.6% and 36.6% of corresponding input water. The regional mean PRC is 0.366, which is a little different from the traditional map. However, it has a spatial variation ranging from –7.0% to 17.5% for various sub-regions. Since the vadose zone is now much thicker than the evaporation extinction depth, the land cover is regarded as the major dynamic factor that causes the variation of PRC in this area due to the difference of evapotranspiration rates. It is suggested that the negative impact of reforestation on groundwater quantity within BPA should be well investigated, because the PRC beneath forestland is the smallest among all land cover types.

浙江省旅行社空间分布特征及影响因素研究

旅行社影响着旅游产品的空间串联及整合,分析其在特定区域内的分布特征及影响因素对进一步提高旅游业的发展水平、提升旅游经济效益具有重要作用。建立包含2277个旅行社点要素的浙江省旅行社地理信息系统,运用最邻近分析、缓冲区分析、核密度分析等方法,探究浙江省旅行社空间分布特征,并利用多元逐步线性回归方法探索其影响因素。结果表明:浙江省旅行社空间分布存在集聚特征,形成了1个高密度区(杭州),两个次高密度区(宁波、温州)。空间分布特征表现为单核心,带状连片分布,沿海多,内陆少。旅行社表现出以县级居民点为中心的距离衰减规律。常住人口密度、出口总额、第三产业产值、3A级及以上景区密度对旅行社空间分布有显著影响,出口总额为负相关,其他为正相关。

甘肃省单体土遗址的时空分布特征

利用地理信息系统空间分析技术,结合工程地质条件和气候因素,研究甘肃省内全国重点文物保护和省级文物保护土遗址的空间分布特征.土遗址主要位于海拔相对较低(<2 000 m)、坡度较缓(<15°)、地形起伏度小(<5 m)、离河流近(<5 km)的平原、台地和丘陵地带.大多数土遗址位于第四纪沉积物沉积区域,区域土壤主要为初育土.河西走廊及以西地区的土遗址处于干旱、半干旱区,东部土遗址处于半湿润区,土遗址所处区域自南至北的气候有显著差异.通过ArcGIS软件的核密度分析发现,甘肃省重点土遗址自西向东分布密度逐渐变大,且整体沿甘肃省的主要水系干流及其支流展开分布.各历史时期的土遗址选址因其功能性而异,主要受地质环境条件的制约,也受社会生产力的影响.

基于多源数据融合的城市屋顶光伏潜力评估

针对现有研究多局限于采用卫星遥感图像或地理信息等单一数据源难以准确反应城市屋顶光伏潜力的问题,考虑阴影效应、地理位置和气象条件等因素的影响,该文提出一种基于多源信息融合的城市屋顶光伏提升方法,所提方法主要包括屋顶信息提取、区域建筑阴影计算和光伏发电潜力计算3个环节,在各环节的分析中引入大量卫星遥感图像、地理信息数据、气象等数据,极大提升了城市光伏潜力评估的准确性。最后以长沙市为例进行方法的应用,评估结果表明长沙市城市屋顶光伏的发电潜力为14480.4 GWh,具备较大的开发潜力。

基于改进加权距离的建成区布线及供电范围调整

针对建成区源荷空间发展与配电网供电范围调整及其建设改造之间的复杂耦合关系,提出一种基于改进加权距离的建成区布线及供电范围调整方法。首先,结合建成区与新建区自动布线的技术差异性,建立建成区配电网供电范围调整及其自动布线一体化优化框架;其次,提出考虑新增源荷归属动态调整的新建线路待选条数区间计算方法;然后,综合考虑负载率越限改进效果和源荷距离特征,提出基于改进加权距离的新建线路供电范围划分和基于混合整数线性优化的网架布局方法;最后,通过所提实例验证模型和方法的经济性与实用性。

市政巡查综合管理系统设计与实现

市政巡查综合管理系统以基于分布式移动地理信息服务技术的市政巡查系统基础平台为数据底座,采用SpringBoot+Shiro+Thymeleaf框架开发,实现市政设施巡查和工程管理的流程化,防汛抢险应急指挥调度的实时化,以及日常办公的自动化。系统与城管、交通等职能部门的数据共享接口方面,做到开放性和安全性并重,为建立区县级一体化政务平台建设奠定良好的基础。

气候变化背景下糙果紫堇在中国适宜分布区的预测

为探究糙果紫堇(Corydalis trachycarpa)的潜在适宜分布区,明确其适宜的生存环境,旨在为糙果紫堇的资源利用和保护提供一定的理论依据。基于糙果紫堇现有的分布位点、气候变量和环境变量数据,利用MaxEnt模型和ArcGIS软件模拟糙果紫堇当前气候条件下(1970—2000年)和未来SSP 245情境模式下4个时期(2021—2040年、2041—2060年、2061—2080年、2081—2100年)在我国的潜在分布区,分析限制其分布的环境因子。结果表明(:1)影响糙果紫堇分布的最主要环境变量分别是海拔(Alt,贡献率60.9%)、温度季节性变化标准差(bio4,贡献率11.1%)、最暖季度降水量(bio18,贡献率9.4%)、降水量变异系数(bio15,贡献率7.0%),这4个变量的累计贡献率高达88.4%;(2)当前气候条件下,MaxEnt模型预测糙果紫堇的潜在分布区总面积约174.94万km^(2),主要分布在青藏高原东部的四川西北部、甘肃南部、西藏东部、云南西北部和青海等地;(3)与当前气候条件下相比,SSP 245情境下未来4个时期糙果紫堇高、中、低适生区面积均有所增加,呈现向云南、西藏东部等低纬度地区扩张的趋势。

海南岛主要农田耕层土壤磷的空间分布特征

为了探究农田耕层土壤磷素含量的空间分布特征,了解土壤磷素积累状况,为农田磷肥的合理施用提供依据,以海南岛主要农田为研究对象,采集耕层土壤混合样品2386个,分析检测土壤全磷、有效磷和有机质等指标,运用地统计学方法分析了土壤全磷和有效磷的空间自相关性,采用普通克里格插值法预测了海南岛主要农田耕层土壤全磷和有效磷的空间分布情况。结果表明:海南岛主要农田耕层土壤全磷和有效磷含量较高且变异性较强,土壤全磷含量为0.06~4.61 g·kg^(-1),均值达1.02 g·kg^(-1),变异系数为64%;土壤有效磷含量为3.16~478.88 mg·kg^(-1),均值为106.51 mg·kg^(-1),变异系数高达91%。土壤全磷和有效磷的块金系数分别为0.918和0.928,都属于较弱的空间自相关性,主要受随机因素影响。克里格插值预测图显示,海南岛北部和南部地区的土壤全磷含量较高,主要集中在0.8~4.61 g·kg^(-1)之间;东部和西部地区的土壤全磷含量相对偏低,主要分布范围为0.4~0.8 g·kg^(-1);土壤的有效磷含量整体偏高,北部地区土壤有效磷含量为3.16~478.88 mg·kg^(-1),土壤有效磷分布不均衡;南部地区土壤的有效磷集中分布在90~240 mg·kg^(-1)之间,东部和西部地区的土壤有效磷含量相对较低,集中分布在20~90 mg·kg^(-1)之间。海南岛农田土壤全磷和有效磷的含量多处于较高水平,受人为施肥影响较大,农田周边水体面临较大的污染风险,在农业生产中应控制磷肥的施用。

经济关联、空间布局与信息溢出——基于供应链视角的经验证据

供应链信息有效溢出在释放国内大循环内生动力,进而推动供给与需求的更高水平匹配方面发挥重要作用。以2006-2022年的A股上市公司为研究对象,从供应链视角实证分析经济关联、空间布局与信息溢出的关系。研究发现,“供应商—客户”企业间经济关联的加强促进了客户企业对供应商企业的信息溢出,并且在企业、行业、区域以及供应链等方面呈现出异质性特征;经济关联通过供应链空间布局的优化促进了信息溢出;在城市行业关联度提升以及分析师关注覆盖度与外部信息约束度有所下降等环境因素的作用下,经济关联的信息溢出效应有所增强。因此,应为供应链供需协同发展营造良好环境,加强“供应商—客户”企业间的经济关联,优化供应链空间布局,实现有效的产需对接。本文从供应链视角揭示了经济关联以及空间布局在市场信息治理中的作用,对深化供给侧结构性改革与全国统一大市场建设具有重要的启示意义。

基于DMGIS的地下管线探测系统设计与实现

通过对传统管线探测作业模式与内外业数据处理流程的分析,给出地下管线探测内外业一体化软件系统的设计方案。软件包括基于分布式移动地理信息服务技术的移动端外业数据采集系统和基于AutoCAD平台的内业数据处理系统。通过优化作业流程,实现管线探测外业与内业数据处理的一体化。应用在电力行业线缆工程勘察领域的实例表明,软件可以提高管线探测效率,提升管线成果质量,降低工作复杂度,为管线工程设计、施工提供良好的技术支持。

中国稀土功能材料专利信息分析及广西产业创新建议

以稀土功能材料为代表的稀土新材料已成为全球竞争的焦点之一,目前中国已将稀土列为国家重点管控和发展的战略资源,并在《中国制造2025》等国家中长期发展规划中将稀土功能材料列为关键战略材料予以重点发展。通过对我国整体及广西稀土功能材料生产技术及产品开展专利分析,了解产业技术发展情况,以期为政府及相关创新主体提供决策支撑。

GIS在城镇燃气管网中的关键技术及应用

燃气是人们生产和生活中不可或缺的要素,而燃气输配运行过程中燃气管网在燃气系统的设计、建设和维护中扮演着至关重要的角色。城镇燃气的高速发展,对燃气管网的运行管理提出了更高的要求,对精细化、科学化、规范化管理需求也不断提升。为满足这些需求,地理信息系统(Geographic Information System,GIS)在城镇燃气地下管网中得到了广泛应用。运用空间数据转换处理系统FME(Feature Manipulate Engine)进行数据建库和数据转换,ArcMAP用于燃气管道设施空间数据处理,GeoPandas结合Sklearn程序包实现巡检网格制作及动态分析可实现地下燃气管道的精细化巡检,进一步提升输配管道设施的运行管理水平,降低事故发生,提高管网运行效率和安全性。

基于MaxEnt模型的石柱县马尾松毛虫害风险空间分布估测

【目的】精准掌握重庆市石柱土家族自治县马尾松毛虫害的风险范围,为及时有效地防治虫灾提供有力依据。【方法】选取60个马尾松毛虫分布点的数据,结合该县马尾松区域的地形、气候和人为因子,用MaxEnt模型估测该县的马尾松毛虫害风险。通过环境因子的百分比贡献率、置换重要性和环境因子响应曲线,探讨该县马尾松毛虫适宜生境条件。利用该模型的“训练遗漏、预测面积和阈值达到平衡”的阈值和“阈值熵与原始分布熵相等”的阈值对风险区进行风险分级,将该区域的马尾松毛虫害风险等级划分为低风险、中风险和高风险,并通过地理信息系统统计各个风险区的区域面积。通过该模型AUC均值验证估测精度,以及对比该县2022年马尾松毛虫飞防的区域内各风险区面积占比,对风险分级效果进行验证。【结果】1)年均降水量、月均潜在蒸散发量、距居民点距离和海拔为影响该县马尾松毛虫生存的主要环境因子。2)MaxEnt模型的训练和测试的AUC均值分别为0.92与0.87,标准差为0.013,小于0.05,表明模型的结果为优,预测结果的可靠性高,可用于该县马尾松毛虫害风险估测;通过对比2022年石柱县春季马尾松毛虫的飞防区域,面积占比高达99.05%,表明高风险区分布与其实际分布高度一致,分级效果好。3)该县马尾松毛虫害高风险区主要集中于临溪镇、悦崃镇、鱼池镇、河嘴乡和万朝镇等;王场镇、龙沙镇、王家乡、西沱镇、黎场乡、沿溪镇和万朝镇的高风险区面积占各自乡镇马尾松区域面积高达90%以上。【结论】研究表明,石柱县的马尾松毛虫害高风险区主要集中在西部和北部的乡镇,通过对乡镇间与乡镇内高风险区分布的统计分析,更全面地了解了马尾松毛虫的风险区分布,可为马尾松毛虫的针对性防治与监管提供科学依据。

广西边境3市旅游景区空间结构特征

基于广西边境旅游景区点位数据,通过核密度估计、GIS(地理信息系统)缓冲区等方法,对广西边境3市的旅游景区分别展开点(县区)、线(主要道路)以及点-线综合分析,发现旅游景区的空间结构与分布规律。研究发现,广西边境3个市的旅游景区在总体上呈现明显的“一体四线四核心”的空间格局;所研究景区依附主要交通线“带状”分布,受交通分布影响及市县辐射带动作用明显。这种特性为广西实施兴边富民政策、因地制宜加强旅游规划、合理进行旅游产品开发提供了一定的参考依据。