Impact of redox-stratification on the diversity and distribution of bacterial communities in sandy reef sediments in a microcosm

Relationships between microbial communities and geochemical environments are important in marine microbial ecology and biogeochemistry. Although biogeochemical redox stratification has been well documented in marine sediments, its impact on microbial communities remains largely unknown. In this study, we applied denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis （DGGE） and clone library construction to investigate the diversity and stratification of bacterial communities in redox-stratified sandy reef sediments in a microcosm. A total of 88 Operational Taxonomic Units （OTU） were identified from 16S rRNA clone libraries constructed from sandy reef sediments in a laboratory microcosm. They were members of nine phyla and three candidate divisions, including Proteobacteria （Alphas, Beta-, Gamma-, Delta-, and Epsilonproteobacteria）, Aetinobacteria, Acidobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Chloroflexi, Cyanobacteria, Firmicutes, Verrucomicrobia, Spirochaetes, and the candidate divisions WS3, SO31 and AO19. The vast majority of these phylotypes are related to clone sequences from other marine sediments, but OTUs of Epsilonproteobacteria and WS3 are reported for the first time from permeable marine sediments. Several other OTUs are potential new bacterial phylotypes because of their low similarity with reference sequences. Results from the 16S rRNA, gene clone sequence analyses suggested that bacterial communities exhibit clear stratification across large redox gradients in these sediments, with the highest diversity found in the anoxic layer （15-25 mm） and the least diversity in the suboxic layer （3-5 mm）. Analysis of the nosZ, and amoA gene libraries also indicated the stratification of denitrifiers and nitrifiers, with their highest diversity being in the anoxic and oxic sediment layers, respectively. These results indicated that redox-stratification can affect the distribution of bacterial communities in sandy reef sediments.

Integrating Leadership Diversity:A Social Worker’s Role during COVID-19

This article explores the impact of social work leadership integration and diversity and its response during the COVID-19 pandemic and its daily application.Social workers used various modalities to ensure that immediate priority was given to those individuals who were needed in various agencies and schools.Social workers provided added value and were essential to providing vital support through leadership skills in the development and operation during the COVID-19 pandemic.The social workers and leaders demonstrated the ability to intervene during the pandemic crisis through the infusion of a variety of leadership practices and integration.The profession itself makes social workers innate leaders.In the article,attention is given to the work that social workers embraced during the COVID-19 pandemic,to demonstrate that front-line workers are real experts.Social workers as leaders are guided by the code of ethics which employs a leadership style.

Impacts of Integrated Multi-Trophic Aquaculture on Phytoplankton in Sanggou Bay

Integrated multi-trophic aquaculture(IMTA)has been considered as an ecofriendly culture system providing a potential solution to environmental risks caused by intensive monoculture system.However,the impact of IMTA on phytoplankton remains unclear.In this study,the spatial and temporal variations of phytoplankton in Sanggou Bay were investigated seasonally based on 21 sampling sites covering three cultivation zones(bivalve zone,IMTA zone,and kelp zone)and one control zone(without aquatic cultivation).In total,128 phytoplankton species,with diatoms and dinoflagellates as the dominant groups,were obtained across the whole year,and the mean Shannon diversity index(H')and species richness(SR)were determined as 1.39 and 9.39,respectively.The maximum chlorophyll a(Chl-a)(6.32μg L^(-1))and plankton diversity(H'of 1.97)occurred in summer and autumn,respectively.Compared to other zones,the bivalve zone displayed significantly higher Chl-a and lower H'in majority of time.Pairwise PERMANOVA analysis indicated that the phytoplankton assemblage in the bivalve zone was significantly different with the control and kelp zones,while the IMTA zone maintained close to other three zones.Based on generalized additive models,temperature,NO_(2)^(-)-N,N/P ratio,SiO_(3)^(2-)-Si,and salinity were determined as the key factors underlying Chl-a and phytoplankton diversity.Addi-tionally,the results of redundancy analysis further indicated that the phytoplankton assemblage in the bivalve zone is positively re-lated with nutrients such as NO_(3)^(-)-N and NH_(4)^(+)-N as well as water depth,while the phytoplankton assemblages in the kelp,control,and IMTA zones are associated with NO_(2)^(-)-N,SiO_(3)^(2-)-Si,and salinity.Taken all observations into consideration together,it can be inferred that IMTA can effectively reduce Chl-a level compared to bivalve monoculture by reducing the nutrients.However,the SR,H’,and species composition of phytoplankton are primarily determined by local environment factors such as temperature,water depth,salinity and SiO_(3)^(2-)-Si.

An Integrated Collector Storage Solar Water Heater and Study of its Temperature Stratification

In this paper we describe an integrated collector storage solar water heater for the North Western region of India for use as domestic water heater during the winter season and present the experimental results of temperature stratification. The system consists of a steel water storage tank with azimuthal orientation such that its walls face south east, south west, north east and North West directions. The sunlit walls (south east and south west) and the top cover surface of the storage tank are covered with transparent insulation material (TIM) and the off-sunlit sides with opaque insulation. Experimental results show that the top layer is at the highest temperature. The top layer is drained using a new design of the outlet. The system can be used in rural areas or as a pre heater in more affluent households. The system can return the cost of conversion of the storage tank into a Solar Water Heater in one winter season by saving the cost of electrical energy required for heating water during winter months.

A back analysis scheme for refined soil stratification based on integrating borehole and CPT data

Utilizing both borehole and Cone Penetration Testing(CPT)data in soil stratification helps to get more convincing soil stratification results.However,the soil classification results revealed by borehole(Unified Soil Classification System,USCS)and CPT tests(soil behavior type,SBT)are commonly not con-sistent.This study proposes a feasible solution to integrate the borehole and CPT data with the tree-based method.The tree-based method is naturally suitable for soil stratification tasks as it aims to divide the subsurface space into several clusters based on the similarities of the soil types.A novel boundary dic-tionary method is proposed to enhance the model performance on complex soil layer conditions.A prob-abilistic mapping matrix between the USCS-SBT system is built based on a collected municipal database with collocated borehole and CPT data.The optimal soil stratification results can be selected based on considering multiple borehole information and pruning the structure of trees.The structure of the trees can be optimized in a back analysis perspective with the Sequential Model-Based Global Optimization(SMBO)algorithm which aims to maximize the possibility of observing the borehole information based on the USCS-SBT probabilistic mapping matrix.The uncertainties of the optimal soil stratification results can be estimated based on a weighted Gini index method.The performance of the proposed method is validated based on a real case in New Zealand with a cross-validation method.The results indicate that the proposed method is robust and effective.

教育公平视野下普职分流的思考与启示

认同普职分流的观点主张普职分流有助于学生就业,有利于教育公平,有助于提升教育教学效率。反对普职分流的观点认为职业教育的专业对应的是社会底层的职业,依照才能选拔并不公平,不利于职教学生的发展。在目前的发展阶段,普职分流只是影响职业分层和教育公平的因素之一,它还受到社会、家庭、认知等诸多因素的影响。在推动现代教育体制高质量发展的背景下,需要通过实行普通教育与职业教育的错位发展,完善普职平等的教育制度,优化按劳分配的薪酬体系等措施,确保实现普职协调发展。

外来劳动力技能多样性对城乡融合的影响——基于长江经济带县域的实证研究

利用熵值法测度长江经济带县域城乡融合发展水平,并利用全国流动人口动态监测调查数据构建外来劳动力技能多样性指标,实证检验外来劳动力技能多样性对县域城乡融合发展的影响效应和机制。研究发现:长江经济带县域城乡融合发展水平呈波动上升趋势,且呈现下游县域>上游县域>中游县域的空间分异格局;外来劳动力技能多样性能显著促进县域城乡融合,但影响效应存在区域异质性和流入方向异质性,在下游县域、城市群县域中,外来劳动力技能多样性促进县域城乡融合发展的效应更为明显,农村外来劳动力技能多样性的效应更强;机制检验表明,外来劳动力技能多样性能加速形成厚劳动力市场,推进农业技术创新,进而促进县域城乡融合。

教育强国建设背景下综合高中发展的行动逻辑、历史镜鉴与推进路径

建设教育强国背景下,综合高中是增强教育多样性和选择性,以适配学生个性发展推动教育公平的重要举措;是推动职普融通,建设高质量教育体系的重要路径;是奠基发展新质生产力的高素质人才,打牢学生多维知识结构和技能基础的重要载体。我国曾开展过两次综合高中试点改革,均未取得理想成效。新时期发展综合高中要以史为鉴,遵循服务建设教育强国的行动逻辑,推动高中阶段教育的系统性重构、整体性重塑和机制性重建,从加强顶层设计、设置核心课程、建立独立课程体系、地市为主优化资源配置、完善配套制度保障等方面系统推进。

面向数字政府建设的病案数据治理体系:框架建构与实施路径

数字中国战略背景下,病案数据共享复用成为掣肘医疗健康数据服务赋能数字政府建设的“瓶颈”,开展病案数据治理研究是应时之举。基于对现有研究及国内外病案数据开发利用相关案例进行分析并总结存在的问题,在此基础上构建了以治理目标、治理主体、治理客体、治理过程、治理要素为框架的病案数据治理体系的顶层设计,并探索多元主体协同合作、加强病案数据资源建设、体制机制创新和一体化平台构建、制度管理和技术实现双管齐下等实施路径。面向数字政府建设的病案数据治理体系,必须在政府主导下,建立跨领域、跨专业的病案数据管理中心,构建医疗机构—病案数据管理中心—数字政府公共服务一体化平台,实现不同机构、不同地区之间的病案数据整合、共享和复用,为完善民生信息服务体系建设提供病案数据支撑,为数字政府建设赋能。

“方割”与“融合”:北魏洛阳城的社会空间研究

北魏在扩建都城平城时,为应对大规模移民的聚居问题,采用“方割”为名的规划建设方式,后在北魏洛阳城推行。“方割”的初衷是保证不同社会阶层的居住隔离,但北魏洛阳城的社会空间却表现出“融合”趋势。目前规划史研究并未关注。根据历史文献,将北魏洛阳城的居民划分为胡汉士庶四个等级阶层,以《洛阳伽蓝记》为数据来源。研究发现,各城区都有不同程度的阶层混居;里坊间的阶层差异虽然高于城区间的差异,但里坊内也有民族、士庶、南北朝等不同社会阶层的混居现象。北魏洛阳城的社会空间在统一的“方割”底图上,总体上呈现出城区尺度的居住混合与里坊尺度的居住隔离相交织的结构特征。长期推行的汉化政策是主要原因;汉化政策又通过影响阶层认知和城市规划建设方式,进一步影响了社会融合。其中“方割”而成的里坊,以统一的形制对社会空间分异起到了消弭作用。研究能够丰富中国城市发展与规划建设史,并为认识城市规划与社会发展之间的关系提供历史启示。

构建“五位一体”的动物科学生产实习教学体系

生产实习教学体系的构建对培养大学生专业素养和综合能力至关重要。结合专业特点和地区产业优势,对动物科学类专业生产实习进行课程内容重构、教学模式更新、考核体系完善等系列改革,形成行业专家授课、线上虚拟仿真、基地现场实习、思政内容融入、考核形式多元化的“五位一体”生产实习混合教学模式,同时加强生产实习的保障体系建设,取得显著的教学效果。

四气合璧,华彩照程——曹惠民的台港澳海外华文文学研究

曹惠民是台港澳海外华文文学研究名家和大家,其研究特色可归结为“四气”,即底气大气、锐气和灵气。底气源自其深湛的学养和原典实证的精神,大气源自其开阔的学术视野和胸襟,锐气源自其敏锐的学术先觉和责任,灵气源自其为学为文的细心和慧心。曹惠民“整合两岸,兼容雅俗”“多元共生的中华文学”,以及“四没有一不”的治学理念和实践,“四气”以贯,开拓并引领了台港澳海外华文文学研究的进程。

聚焦“三个安全”强化统一调度助力南水北调工程高质量发展

全面分析了南水北调中线一期工程全面建成通水10年来,水利部长江水利委员会通过全面提升运行管理水平、科学实施精确精准调度、不断加强中线水源保护、切实强化流域统一调度等措施,在维护南水北调中线工程安全、供水安全、水质安全等方面的工作成效。南水北调中线一期工程运行管理面临新的风险和挑战,包括南水北调中线工程多目标统筹调度难度日益增大、丹江口水库保护配套制度有待建立完善、风险防控能力有待提升、丹江口库区及其上游流域综合治理及科技支撑亟待加强。结合工作实际,提出了下一步推进南水北调中线工程高质量发展的措施,包括扎实推进南水北调后续工程高质量发展、持续强化中线水源工程安全运行、精准实施丹江口水库供水调度、持续加大丹江口库区及其上游流域水质安全保障力度、稳步提升流域治理管理能力和水平。

基于浮游植物生物完整性指数的福建省水库健康状态评价

根据2021年夏季福建省24座重要饮用水水源地水库水生态调查结果,分析了浮游植物群落结构特征和水库营养状态,并采用浮游植物总密度、香农-维纳多样性指数和蓝藻门密度百分比3个生物参数构建浮游植物生物完整性指数(P-IBI)评价了沙溪口水库和东张水库的健康状态。结果表明:2021年福建省大部分水库的浮游植物群落结构以蓝藻-绿藻-硅藻为主,其中以蓝藻门为优势藻的水库占比为60.9%;综合营养状态指数范围为24.3~51.7,平均值为40.3,水库富营养化程度较低,但个别水库仍存在富营养化的风险;沙溪口水库P-IBI综合得分为79.7,处于健康状态,东张水库P-IBI综合得分为59.0,处于亚健康状态;P-IBI评价结果与《2021年福建省河湖健康评估蓝皮书》中的多指标评价方法的结果一致性较好,基于浮游植物生物完整性指数的评价方法具有有效性和适用性。

潮白河怀柔段鱼类多样性特征及水生态系统健康评价

潮白河怀柔段是首都重要的水源地和水资源保护区,了解其鱼类多样性现状及河流健康状况对于水生态保护至关重要。于2022年9月和2023年4月开展了潮白河怀柔段鱼类多样性调查,构建了基于鱼类完整性指数(F-IBI)的水生态健康评价指标体系,评估潮白河怀柔段水生态健康状况。结果表明:①潮白河怀柔段土著鱼类54种,隶属于7目25科43属,鲤形目鱼类最多,占总种数的66.67%。②多样性分析显示,雁栖河的Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数及Pielou均匀度指数均最高,沙河各项指数均最低。③基于26个候选指标筛选得到F-IBI核心指标体系,包括Shannon-Wiener多样性指数、鲈形目鱼类物种数占比、鳅科鱼类数量占比、鲤科鱼类数量占比、中下层鱼类数量占比、产黏性卵鱼类数量占比和鱼类个体数。④F-IBI评价结果显示,潮白河怀柔段河流总体上处于“一般”及以上健康水平,无采样点处于“很差”状况,1、3、5赋值法和比值法的评价结果可互作参考。研究显示,潮白河怀柔段的优势种为麦穗鱼(Pseudorasbora parva)和拉氏大吻鱥(Rhynchocypris lagowskii),构建的F-IBI指标体系较全面地反映了潮白河怀柔段的群落结构,可有效评估潮白河怀柔段的水生态健康状况。

多元到融合:非物质文化遗产学的视野研究

非物质文化遗产学是多元融合的集成式学科,具有价值认同的多元性、理论与实践的双向互动、呈现学科整合的吸纳逻辑等特色。在全新的学科站位下,非物质文化遗产学表现出以非遗技艺为重要对象、以传承人研究为起点、以建档-保护-传承为核心的独特的学科视野。非物质文化遗产学旨在建立田野工作的二元互动和多元合一的新型交叉学科,通过学科整合与明晰学术视角,从多元学科主体出发,突破以往封闭化的学术场域,为非遗具体事项在当代社会的活态与应用性发展提供具体思路,以契合当代社会的变化性、开放性、复杂性。

我国公共数据开放领域知识融合测度研究

[目的/意义]探究基于CSSCI中文期刊文献的公共数据开放领域知识融合情况,为实现我国公共数据开放领域知识融合发展提供参考。[方法/过程]基于学科测度方法和引文分析的视角,以CSSCI中文期刊数据库中公共数据开放领域的文献作为数据集,采用学科多样性指标中的布里渊指数、跨领域引用指数、加权跨领域引用指数以及学科凝聚性指标中的点度中心度、中介中心度、接近中心度和凝聚子群分析,探讨我国公共数据开放领域学科知识融合情况。[结果/结论]研究表明我国公共数据开放领域知识来源广泛,知识融合度逐年增加,其中信息科技、社会科学I和经济与管理科学的学科丰富度和均衡度较高;知识融合过程中信息科技与社会科学I学科知识流动最频繁,部分学科之间联系紧密,充当着知识融合桥梁的作用,也存在“小团体”现象,部分学科存在知识壁垒。

基于软硬件结合的控制流完整性保护技术

针对影子栈难以兼顾安全性和性能,软件实现的前向CFI(control-flow integrity)技术性能开销过大、难以进行实际部署,提出基于软硬件结合的CFI(control-flow integrity based on the combination of software and hardware,SHCFI)技术。通过二进制重写器对程序反编译,生成中间语言,并判断转移指令类型。对于后向控制流的保护,提出基于返回地址加密的平行影子栈方案,使用随机数对栈上的返回地址进行异或加密,将加密结果备份到原始栈固定偏移处的影子栈中,在函数返回时对影子栈中的地址异或解密,将解密结果作为实际的返回地址。对于前向控制流的保护,使用硬件ENDBRANCH状态机指令标记间接转移指令的目标地址,在运行时对目标地址进行合法性检查,以降低性能开销。实验结果表明,SHCFI加固后的程序能够有效地防御代码重用攻击,且具有良好的运行开销。

和而不同:城乡融合视角下广州近郊乡村特色发展策略

城市近郊乡村作为城乡之间交流沟通的“桥头堡”,具备城乡融合发展的良好内在基础和外部驱动力,是探索我国城乡融合发展的先行地区。总结城乡融合初级阶段近郊乡村在生产、生活、景观、管理等方面存在的问题及原因,解读新时期大城市近郊乡村发展的新特征与新趋势,提出“求同存异、和而不同”的城乡融合高级阶段的发展目标,以及生产方式、生活形态、景观风貌、建设模式等方面的近郊乡村特色发展策略。以广州为例,探索新时期近郊乡村特色化发展的方法体系,推动城乡融合深入发展。

从多元一体格局的历史变迁看中华民族共同体意识的形成

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