Modeling studies on divorced eutectic formation of high pressure die cast magnesium alloy

The morphology and content of the divorced eutectic in the microstructure of high pressure die casting(HPDC) magnesium alloy have a great influence on the final performance of castings. Based on the previous work concerning simulation of the nucleation and dendritic growth of primary α-Mg during the solidification of magnesium alloy under HPDC process, an extension was made to the formerly established CA(Cellular Automaton) model with the purpose of modeling the nucleation and growth of Mg-Al eutectic. With a temperature field and solute field obtained during simulation of the primary α-Mg dendrites as the initial condition of the modified CA model, modeling of the Mg-Al eutectic with a divorced morphology was achieved. Moreover, the simulated results were in accordance with the experimental ones regarding the distribution and content of the divorced eutectic. Taking a "cover-plate" die casting with AM60 magnesium alloy as an example, the rapid solidification with a high cooling rate at the surface layer of the casting led to a fine and uniform grain size of primary α-Mg, while the divorced eutectic at the grain boundary revealed a more dispersed and granular morphology. Islands of divorced eutectic were observed at the central region of the casting, due to the existence of ESCs(Externally Solidified Crystals) which contributed to a coarse and non-uniform grain size of primary α-Mg. The volume percentage of the eutectic β-Mg_(17)Al_(12) phase is about 2%-6% in the die casting as a whole. The numerical model established in this study is of great significance to the study of the divorced eutectic in the microstructure of die cast magnesium alloy.

Microstructure analyses and phase-field simulation of partially divorced eutectic solidification in hypoeutectic Mg-Al Alloys

In this study the partially divorced eutectic microstructure ofα-Mg andβ-Mg17Al12was investigated by electron backscatter diffraction,transmission electron microscopy,and phase-field modeling in hypoeutectic Mg-Al alloys.The orientation relationships between the individual eutecticαgrains,eutecticβphase,and primaryαgrains were investigated.While the amount of eutectic morphology is primarily determined by the Al content,the in-depth microstructure analyses and the phase-field simulation suggest non-interactive nucleation and growth of eutecticαphase in theβphase grown on the interdendritic primaryαdendrites.Also,phase-field simulations showed a preferred nucleation sequence where theβphase nucleates first and subsequently triggers the nucleation of eutecticαphase at the movingβphase solidification front,which supports the microstructural analysis results.

Urbanization,unemployment rate and China' rising divorce rate

This paper analyzes the impacts of urbanization and unemployment rate on China's divorce rate with the panel data of 31Chinese provinces from 2000 to 2011.The study manifests as follows.First,the significant influence of urbanization cannot be observed on the rising breakdown since the latter is not the inevitable result of the former.In the second place,unemployment rate has a significant negative influence on divorce rate,namely,with the former increasing,the latter will decrease,which echoes the perspective of divorce cost.And finally,this paper also finds positive effects of per capita fixed investment,old-age dependency rate,average household size,the proportion of floating population and population density,and negative correlation of average education attainment on divorce rate.

小议marry和divorce的相同用法

英语中marry(结婚)和divorce(离婚)是一对意义截然相反的词语，然而，它们的相关句型及用法却有着惊人的相同之处，可谓“不是冤家不聚头”。本文试图对有关这两个词的基本句型及用法进行比较，找出它们的内在联系，帮助学习者轻松掌握这两个词的用法。

How Children Are Affected by Divorce

Divorce can have a significant effect on children’s health emotionally and practically.It can be crucial for the whole family to deal with divorce.There are many factors that come about when this situation is discussed,for example,its effect on children,the possible probability of transmission of depression from parent to children,and its effect on children’s school achievements.This paper focuses on the discussion of the answers to two questions.Firstly,how does divorce affect the school achievement of children whose parents are divorced?Secondly,how does divorce affect depression levels among children?The research finds interesting facts that children’s schools achievements get affected due to divorce but also reveals that gender plays a role as a factor,such as boys are more likely to suffer an effect on their school achievement more than girls.On the other hand,it is also found that children,especially girls,can experience depression transmitted from their depressed mothers but divorce in parents is not the only reason for children’s depression.

Conjugal Dissolution and Gender(In)equalities:A Study of Divorce Processes in Portugal

Like other democratic societies,Portugal has known an important reduction of gender inequalities,mainly by the action of women’s social movements and some political forces.However,recent(inter)national studies confirm the social borders and inequalities persistence in many contexts(work,values and symbolic regulations,institutional frames,and daily interactions).In this paper,the authors will focus their analysis on the conjugal dissolution processes and unequal distribution of power between men and women.Regarding these matters,there is an extended debate,where they propose an articulation between the concepts of gender and class.The authors assume as fruitful an articulation of the Marxist model with the feminist one and,indirectly,a critical and synthetic crossing between(neo)Marxism and Weberianism,being this one also articulated with symbolic interactionism.Based on official statistics,in the analysis of some interviews about the motivations for/in divorce,and in the empirical evidence from the divorce judicial processes,the authors present some preliminary results of a collective project held on some regions of Portugal named:“Gender inequalities in work and private life:from the norms to social practices”.The central hypothesis of this project is that the forms of gender inequality and domination are tributaries of macro‐economic and institutional mechanisms but they are also playing at the micro level(family,business,public and private institutions),involving both variables,namely,in a crossing of Weberian‐Marxist perspectives,the presence/absence of certain level of empowerment by social actors.That means that women’s position depends and/or differs in function of factors such as available resources and rewards,the place in the organizational and(re)productive sphere of the family,and the place in the interactions and in roles negotiation.

Realization of the Right to Economic Assistance of Women with Disabilities in Divorce from the Perspective of the Civil Code

Protecting the equal human rights of persons with disabilities is an important part of human rights protection in China.The Marriage law Amendment in 2001 focused on the economic assistance system for divorce relief for a party unable maintain the local basic standard of living.The Civil Code has adjusted and expanded the system,stipulating that one party can ask for financial help from the other party if the party can’t maintain a reasonable living after divorce.To a certain extent,this economic assistance should include the assistance to the party whose living standard has decreased significantly after divorce and the party who has made more sacrifices and contribution to the marriage during the marriage.Although the economic assistance system for divorce stipulated in the Civil Code does not specifically address unequal treatment or discrimination against women with disabilities,since women with disabilities are more vulnerable after divorce,they are more likely to put forward economic assistance claims after a divorce,be more dependent on others physically and psychologically,and find it more difficult to obtain employment.Social security for women with disabilities is still insufficient and compared with other subjects,women with disabilities are likely to be in an unequal position in the realization of their right to economic assistance in divorce.Therefore,it is necessary to put forward reasonable legal interpretations and application suggestions for the relevant provisions in the Civil Code,so as to fully realize the economic assistance rights of women with disabilities in divorce,and reflect the care and protection of the human rights of women with disabilities in the Civil Code.

Reflections on Divorce

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Is a Cooling-Off Period Necessary in Divorce Proceedings?

Six draft sections （m specific areas of the Civil Code were submitted to the Standing Committee of the National People＇s Congress. China＇s top legislature, on August 27. One of them, the controversial draft on marriage and family, has aroused much debate among Internet users. It proposes a one-month cooling-off period for couples who wish to part ways and apply to divorce registration agencies. During the cooling-off month after a divorce registration agency receives a divorce application, either the husband or the wife can stop the application. After the cooling-off month, both sides are required to go to the agency for the divorce certificates. Failing to do so will mean the divorce application is canceled automatically.

No Divorce on Chinese Valentine’s Day-Making Way for Love?

The Qixi Festival, also known as Chinese Valentine＇s Day, has been celebrated as a symbo of eternal love in Chinese culture for thousands of years. Every year, many young Chinese couples decide to tie the knot on this day of romance, flooding local marriage registration.

Attitude Toward Lobola in Remarriage Following Divorce in African Communities

Lobola is central to the process of marriage in many African communities.It is an old tradition that historically entailed a gift from the bridegroom's family to the bride's family.In some African societies,determinants of lobola include a range of factors,such as the bride's educational,financial,and social status,the bride's age,number of children and whether the bride has had any history of divorce.However,attitude toward remarriage and payment of lobola to a divorced woman is often characterized by skepticism.In most instances,the worth of pride price to be paid to the divorced woman's family is often devalued,decreased,deemed unacceptable,and frowned upon,while male divorcees do not face such prejudices.Overtly or covertly,the social conviction seems to be that there should not be payment of lobola in remarriage after divorce.Consequently,the decision to remarry postdivorce remains particularly difficult for most Black African women due to the stigma attached to divorce.In contrast,men still enjoy the right to divorce and remarry with little or no prejudice.Using bargaining theory,this article examines the body of literature on cultural attitudes toward the payment of lobola following divorce in South Africa.The article argues that the payment of lobola is fundamentally patriarchal and perpetuates most of the social tribulations and marginalization practices against women.

Later-Life Marital Dissolution in Italy:An Emerging Phenomenon?

The phenomenon of marital dissolution in later life,also referred to as“gray divorce”,is described on the rise in contemporary Western societies.This article contributes to the study of marriage breakdown in older age,with a specific focus on Italian society.First,the temporal trends of this phenomenon are reconstructed using official statistics.The data reveal that,although still relatively rare,the dissolution of marriage in later life is expanding in Italy.The analysis of the period from 1974 to 2015 indicates a rise in the average age at separation,a higher percentage of spouses over 50 years on the total number of couples obtaining legal separation,and an increase in the proportion of Italian spouses separating after many years of marriage.Furthermore,data from the national survey“Family and Social Subjects”,conducted in 2016 by the Italian National Institute of Statistics,are utilized to explore the relationship between specific traits of those who separated and their tendency to dissolve marriages before or after the age of 50.The data suggest that individuals with characteristics such as lower educational attainment,residence in the South and Islands,and adherence to more traditional family models are more likely to experience separation in later life.

Tradition, Revolution and Gender： An Analysis of Wife-Initiated Divorce in North China＇s Revolutionary Bases from 1941-1949

During the 1940s, the Chinese Communist revolutionary bases in North China experienced a sharp increase in divorces in which wives cast off their husbands. This was due in great part to the promulgation of a series of marriage regulations and to the Party＇s extensive mobilization of women. Examining both the public and private domains in terms of changes affecting tradition, revolution, and gender, the authors investigate the ways that marriage transformation intertwined with national wars, political changes, and gender liberation. Our analysis reveals that marriage institutions experienced a severe crisis as traditional needs and new longings, such as marriage freedom, wartime needs, and the stability of rural traditions, family, and social structures, intersected. The Chinese Communist regime carried out successive adjustments in marriage policies as they affected women. With Party support, the paradigm of ＂wives divorcing husbands＂ became de facto marriage policy in order to adapt to resolve conflicts between emotions and the law and to meet the requirements of rural society and military stability. Seeking to shake off the traditional ＂oppression-liberation＂ paradigm, the research in the present article tries to combine the study of female existences, marriage, and the relevant emotions with rural traditions and the historical background of wartime China, so as to explain the changes in women＇s marital status and the nature and significance of their so-called liberation in wartime revolutionary bases in North China.

DIVORCE AND KIDS

Divorce is transforming the lives ofAmerican children. In the post-World WarⅡ generation, more than 80 percent ofchildren grew up with both biologicalparents. Today only half will do so. Eachyear more than a million children experiencefamily breakup; about as many are born outof wedlock. At the same time, the problemsassociated with family disruption havegrown. Over-all child well-being hasdeclined, despite historically high publicspending. The teen suicide rate has almosttripled. Juvenile crime has increased

Application of neural-wavelet network in predicting the incidence of marriage and divorce in Iran

Marriage has become less common,while the incidence of divorce has risen in Iran.These have made marriage facilitation and divorce prevention as the cornerstone of population policy.It is clear that prediction of the incidence of marriage and divorce will help policy makers to design effective interventions.This paper uses the number of marriages and divorces between 1980 and 2017,published by the Statistical Center of Iran,to predict the incidence of marriage and divorce through 2027 at the national level.Given the limitations of common methods,such as ARMAX,ARMA,MR and AR,in predicting time series with abrupt changes,this paper applies a mixed method,which combines the Neural Network and the Wavelet mathematical tools.The comparison between the data and the results obtained from the wavelet-neural network confirms the precision of the model.The precision and validity of the neural-wavelet network model is further confirmed by the fact that it has been able to reduce the mean sum of square of errors to a larger extent than the Neural Network models.The findings show a 3%decrease in the number of marriages,from 704,716 in 2017 to 683,190 in 2027.On the other hand,the number of divorces has increased by 30%,from 181,049 in 2017 to 235,407 in 2027.Thus,the number of divorces per 100 marriages will increase from 25.7 to 34.5 just in a decade,which calls for effective interventions if family formation and consolidation are to be improved in Iran.

Japan Cuts Single-Mum Benefits, Blames Divorce Rate

本文提供了日本目前社会的一些基本情况。日本政府前使用了这样的形容词:cash-strapped(金钱短缺的);日本的Single-Mum们能领取政府的救济金42,370日元(折合美金341元);日本人也认为,他们的消费指数居世界前列:one of the world’s most expensive countries;家庭暴力(domestic violence)也是日本的一个社会问题;日本的离婚率居高不下:The number of divorces annually hasalmost doubled since 1990。此外,本文标题中的Single-Mum不宜译成“单身母亲”,也许只能译作:离异母亲。

Are You Headed for Divorce? First 2 Years Can Tell

未婚者、新婚者或是久婚者,都能饶有兴味地读这篇文章。我们往往强调:新婚后的一段时期是夫妻双方的“磨合期”,似乎,过了这段特殊的时期,夫妻就能恩爱到老。本文从崭新的视角来观察分析这段所谓“磨合期”。调查证明,新婚后的romance(注:这个词很难翻译,若译成“浪漫情调”失之肤浅,若译成“恩爱”又失之偏狭。恕暂且保留romance不译)越长,婚姻延续的时间也越长: Those couples headed for a quick divorce——in less than two years——tended to become disillusioned(幻想破灭)and negative toward one another withintwo months of being wed. Those couples most likely to be married for the long-term are those whomaintain their positive feelings for their spouse for at least the first two years.

Divorced Men More Likely to Commit Suicide

国人有句俗话:家和万事兴。看来。此言的外延意义非常丰富。本文告诉我们:Divorced Men More Likely to Commit Suicide。文章里出现了一句:do not have the same support networks,其中的same support networks生动形象。汉译却不易。】

Divorce and Children

Zang Xiaoping (editor of the Literary Gazette) Whether or not to get divorced for the sake of the children is an important question for every couple that is having problems. I think the key to solving the problem is to start by considering what would be best for the healthy development of their children.

Divorce in the U. S.

Dear American professor, These days I’ve been pondering over a serious social phenomenon—divorce. Unmarried and unsophisticated myself, I feel rather frustrated trying to probe its cause or understand its profound aftereffect. What triggered such interest in me are some excerpts from English magazines, where I found "divorce" one of the most frequently employed word! For example: