Impact of Doctoral Student Training Process Fit on Doctoral Students’ Mental Health

Background:Doctoral students have much higher risk of anxiety or depression than general population.Doctoral students worldwide are facing varying degrees of mental health risks.Method:Based on the survey data of 6,812 doctoral students worldwide in Nature in 2019,Probit and Logit models are used to explore the correlation between thefit of doctoral education and training process and the mental health of doctoral students.Results:(1)The training environmentfit of doctoral students has a significant positive impact on their mental health.(2)The academic professionfit of doctoral students has a significant positive impact on their mental health.(3)The orga-nizational culturefit of doctoral students has a significant positive impact on their mental health.(4)Thefinancial supportfit of doctoral students has a significant positive impact on their mental health.Conclusion:The higher the degree of doctoral students’training environmentfit,academic professionfit,organizational culturefit,andfinancial supportfit,the lower the possibility of anxiety or depression among doctoral students.The current research results can help reveal extensive factors that affect the mental health of doctoral students,facilitate the planning and development of effective intervention measures by universities,improve thefit of the doctoral education and training process,improve the mental health of doctoral students,and boost academic excellence.

Health Problem and Occupational Stress among Chinese Doctors

This paper provides an overview of research into mental health problem and occupational stress among Chinese doctors in recent 10 years. It indicates that doctors in general hospitals have worse mental status. Occupational stress comes from over workload, high demanding from patients, occupational risk, effort-reward imbalance and fierce competition for job promotion. For medical staffs battling against severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS), or working in catastrophic Wenchuan earthquake-affected areas, they have elevated stress and worrying levels of psychological distress. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a common mental health problem among them. The most common diseases the Chinese doctors usually suffered were cervical spondylosis, hyperlipidemia, hypertension, fatty liver and hyperglycemia. It could be important for health administrators to note that mental health appears to be an?increasing problem in Chinese doctors and corresponding helping measure should be made.

Safe and effective sofosbuvir-based therapy in patients with mental health disease on hepatitis C virus treatment

AIM To study impact of baseline mental health disease on hepatitis C virus(HCV) treatment; and Beck's Depression Inventory(BDI) changes with sofosbuvir- andinterferon-based therapy.METHODS This is a retrospective cohort study of participants from 5 studies enrolled from single center trials conducted at the Clinical Research Center of the National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, United States. All participants were adults with chronic HCV genotype 1 infection and na?ve to HCV therapy. Two of the studies included HCV mono-infected participants only(SPARE, SYNERGY-A), and 3 included human immunodeficiency virus(HIV)/HCV co-infected participants only(ERADICATE, PFINPK, and ALBIN). Patients were treated for HCV with 3 different regimens: Sofosbuvir and ribavirin in the SPARE trial, ledipasvir and sofosbuvir in SYNERGY-A and ERADICATE trials, and pegylated interferon(IFN) and ribavirin for 48 wk in the PIFNPK and ALBIN trials. Participants with baseline mental health disease(MHD) were identified(defined as either a DSM Ⅳ diagnosis of major depression, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, generalized anxiety, and post-traumatic stress disorder or requiring anti-depressants, antipsychotics, mood stabilizers or psychotropics prescribed by a psychiatrist). For our first aim, we compared sustained virologic response(SVR) and adherence(pill counts, study visits, and in 25 patients, blood levels of the sofosbuvir metabolite, GS-331007) within each study. For our second aim, only patients with HIV coinfection were evaluated. BDI scores were obtained pre-treatment, during treatment, and post-treatment among participants treated with sofosbuvir-based therapy, and compared to scores from participants treated with interferon-based therapy. Statistical differences for both aims were analyzed by Fisher's Exact, and t-test with significance defined as a P value less than 0.05.RESULTS Baseline characteristics did not differ significantly between all participants with and without MHD groups treated with sofosbuvir-based therapy. Among patients treated with sofosbuvir-based therapy, the percentage of patients with MHD who achieved SVR was the same as those without(SPARE: 60.9% of those MHD compared to 67.6% in those without, P = 0.78; SYNERGY-A: 100% of both groups; ERADICATE: 100% compared to 97.1%). There was no statistically significant difference in pill counts, adherence to study visits between groups, nor mean serum concentrations of GS-331007 for each group at week 2 of treatment(P = 0.72). Among patients with HIV co-infection, pre-treatment BDI scores were similar among patients treated with sofosbuvir, and those treated with interferon(sofosbuvir-based 5.24, IFN-based 6.96; P = 0.14); however, a dichotomous effect on was observed during treatment. Among participants treated with directly acting antiviral(DAA)-based therapy, mean BDI scores decreased from 5.24(pre-treatment) to 3.28 during treatment(1.96 decrease, P = 0.0034) and 2.82 post-treatment. The decrease in mean score from pre- to post-treatment was statistically significant(-2.42, P = 0.0012). Among participants treated with IFN-based therapy, mean BDIscore increased from 6.96 at pre-treatment to 9.19 during treatment(an increase of 2.46 points, P = 0.1), and then decreased back to baseline post-treatment(mean BDI score 6.3, P = 0.54). Overall change in mean BDI scores from pre-treatment to during treatment among participants treated with DAA-based and IFN-therapy was statistically significant(-1.96 and +2.23, respectively; P = 0.0032). This change remained statistically significant when analysis was restricted to participants who achieved SVR(-2.0 and +4.36, respectively; P = 0.0004).CONCLUSION Sofosbuvir-based therapy is safe and well tolerated in patients with MHD. A decline in BDI associated with sofosbuvir-based HCV treatment suggests additional MHD benefits, although the duration of these effects is unknown.

基于C/S结构的学生心理健康信息采集管理系统

为解决采集学生心理健康信息时采集时间较长、处理效率较低、成本耗费较大等问题,以C/S结构为基本框架,设计出一种学生心理健康信息采集管理系统。硬件设计方面,通过网络实现客户机与服务器间通信,利用前端客户机与后台数据库服务器,组建系统总体框架;通过多个处理模块,整合、导出学生的心理健康信息,完成信息采集子系统架构。软件设计方面,基于数据存储的安全算法,实现信息的加解密操作。实验结果表明,所建系统功能较为全面,具有可靠性、有效性。

Bell's面瘫对患者的心理影响及其心理健康状况

目的探讨Bell's面瘫对首次发病患者形象、情绪、日常生活及社会活动的影响及发病早期患者的心理健康状况。方法采用自编面瘫对患者形象、情绪及社会活动影响的调查问卷及症状自评量表(SCL-90),对63例首次发病的Bell's面瘫患者进行调查。统计分析采用t检验及相关分析。结果Bell's面瘫对首次发病患者形象、情绪、日常生活及社会活动均有明显影响。Bell's面瘫患者SCL-90的躯体化、强迫、人际关系敏感、焦虑、抑郁、敌对、恐怖、精神病性因子分均高于全国成人常模,其SCL-90总分与自编面瘫影响问卷各条目得分均存在统计学相关关系。结论Bell's面瘫给首次发病患者带来不良心理影响,他们存在广泛的心身症状,这些不良影响与其心身症状有关。

基于SCL-90的大学新生心理健康状况研究

为了探讨90后大学新生的心理健康状况,本研究采用SCL-90(症状自评量表)对某所地方院校的1489名新生进行集体施测。研究结果表明:本研究中的90后新生整体的心理健康水平要低于全国常模的心理健康水平;男生的整体心理健康水平显著高于女生;独生子女高于非独生子女;城镇新生要显著高于来自农村的新生。应积极开展对大学新生的心理健康教育,建立新生心理健康档案,对于存在严重问题的学生提供个案辅导,努力提高90后大学生的心理健康水平。

线上精神卫生服务医患沟通现状研究

目的:通过评价线上精神卫生服务的医患沟通现状,为进一步优化互联网诊疗服务中精神卫生服务的质量提供参考建议。方法:使用标准化病人法,基于改编的精神卫生服务响应性绩效问卷评价线上精神卫生服务的医患沟通情况;采用线性回归探究医患特征对医患沟通情况的影响。结果:当前线上精神卫生服务的医患沟通情况良好,医患沟通得分均分为20.39分(总分30分)。医院所在地区、医院类型和医生职称均对医患沟通得分有影响。结论:行业内可通过制定线上精神卫生服务指南,规范其科学发展,各平台应提高出诊医师的医患沟通水平,可适当增加上线医师数量,并做好信息安全防护,给予患者充分尊重。

基于B/S架构的高职心理健康教育与咨询管理系统设计

随着我国网络通信技术与计算机技术的不断发展,高职院校基于网络和计算机技术所开发的各种信息管理系统给学生们的日常生活带来了许多便利。借助校内信息管理系统,学生们可以自主获取自己所需要的信息和服务,进而提高学习效率。因此,本文从高职学生心理健康教育的角度出发专门设计了一套心理健康教育与咨询管理系统,旨在进一步提升高职院校的心理健康教育水平与高职学生的综合素质。

Why Quakerism Is More Scientific Than Einstein

NEWTON’s laws of motion predicted that light would travel faster from a moving source—it doesn’t.Einstein was convinced that unruly electrons had no place in an orderly,understandable universe.Both assumed that human knowledge could be perfected,mathematically,and that a coherent scientific account of the world we find ourselves in,not only exists,but is available and open to dedicated human enquiry.This paper argues that Hume,Kant and recent work on Hubble’s Constant render this idealistic position untenable.The remedy proposed is not to tighten scientific definitions ever further,but to reposition Science so as to prioritise the biosphere.This entails placing the process of living organisms centre stage,since they defy the Second Law of Thermodynamics,thereby reducing Uncertainty for all—an approach best exemplified in clinical medicine,where despite unbridgeable gaps in medical knowledge,healing can and does take place.Using Quaker insights developed in the 1650s,a non-theological pathway is offered which emphasises human creativity and social cohesion.Unhappily psychiatry today,under the guise of being 100%scientific in the Einstein way,discards three counts of millennial medical wisdom,with catastrophic consequences,as shown by scientifically valid data.A healthier approach to mental and social health,emphasising trust and consent,is described.

B/S模式下心理预警系统的实现

该文对B/S模式下心理预警系统的构建过程进行了分析。系统基于B/S模式,集在线测评、学习、宣传、管理于一体,实现了无纸化的心理学问卷调查,并能准确地计算测试结果。该系统运用了ASP.NET、SQL Server 2005数据库、网页设计等计算机技术,将心理学研究成果赋予实体,具有较强的先进性和可扩展性。

Private Medical Practice: The Gold Coast Colony’s Christiansborg Infant Welfare Clinic

As the British colonized West Africa, Africans worked as medical officers. John Farrell Easmon practiced private medicine that in 1897 affected his work as the chief medical officer. The Secretary of State for the Colonies Joseph Chamberlain investigated the complaints of medical officers and fashioned the policy of the West African Medical Staff in 1902. During the Great Depression, the West African Medical Staff and Staff Pay shaped how African medical officers and European women medical doctors earned salaries as colonial government workers. Percy Selwyn-Clarke the deputy director of health service employed European women medical doctors in preventive health at infant and child welfare clinics. In 1935, health visitor Christian challenged the government for paying European woman medical doctor Nora Vane-Percy ￡10 to treat destitute African women and children at the Christiansborg infant welfare clinic.

值班时长对医生身心健康影响的研究

目的探讨持续值班时长对医生身心健康的影响,为制定更加科学的值班模式提供依据。方法根据目前值班模式,将海南医学院第一附属医院内科系统参与一线值班的医生分为24 h组和14 h组。分别对两组医生值班后进行工作疲溃感量表、症状自评量表、斯坦福困倦量表等量表评估,进行肝功能及心电图测定。结果工作疲溃感量表评估中,两组的情绪疲溃感差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),24 h组医生的情绪疲溃感得分高于14 h组(P=0.001),高度情绪疲溃感比例24 h组(32%)也高于14 h组(8%,P=0.003);工作疲溃感量表评估中的工作冷漠感及无成就感,两组医生差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。心理状况调查的症状自评量表,24 h组得分高于14 h组,差异有统计学意义(P=0.010)。困倦程度调查(斯坦福困倦量表),24 h组医生亦高于14 h组(P=0.001)。在肝功能指标方面,两组医生差异无统计学意义(P=0.287),心电图异常比例24 h组较高(P=0.037)。结论24 h值班模式较14 h值班模式对医生身心健康存在影响,故调节值班模式,避免长时间持续工作,可能有利于医生身心健康。

心理干预对八年制医学生心理健康状况改善效果调查

目的通过调查北京协和医学院临床医学八年制医学生的心理健康状况,尝试提出可行的心理支持对策。方法通过微信(WeChat)向北京协和医学院在读的3~8年级的八年制医学生发放问卷星问卷(www.wjx.cn)进行调查,并按性别、年级分组分析组间差异。见实习组较理论学习组增加了心理支持干预。结果共收到合格问卷248份。82名(33.1%)、16名(6.5%)学生自我评估心理健康情况“一般”或者“差”。6、7年级生活满意度分数(SWLS)显著低于3、4、5、8等其他年级(P<0.001);对于其他量表(抑郁、焦虑、情绪调节困难),6、7年级虽得分稍高但差异无统计学意义。结论八年制医学生仍存在一定的心理健康问题,在见实习期的6、7年级所受压力更大的情况下,通过积极心理干预可部分缓解其情绪调节。

学习者、研究者还是“打工人”?——角色认同互动模型下的博士生情绪韧性研究

博士研究生的情绪韧性是其良好心理状态的体现。基于角色认同互动模型,以21位博士研究生为访谈对象,研究发现:博士生的情绪韧性建构常囿于学习者、研究者和“打工人”三种角色认同的矛盾张力中。三种角色认同之间的关系构成了博士生从“角色认同分离”到“角色认同整合”之间的连续统。在这个连续统中,“沮丧的适应者”“艰苦的追随者”“激情的战斗者”分别代表了博士生低、中、高三个水平的情绪韧性。其中博三是博士生情绪韧性水平变化的关键时期,个人、关系、环境三种因素联动,共同影响了博士生的情绪韧性。为此,建议高校博士生招生应注重性格、学术志趣等软实力的考核;要创设适当条件,帮助博士生搭建共同体;应健全博士生培养过程,为博士生的学术成长提供支持。

院校发展型支持对博士生心理困难的缓解效应研究——以“因劳致郁”现象为例

博士生的学习时间投入是培养质量的基本条件,然而可能出现“因劳致郁”现象,博士生陷入心理困难,院校有必要通过发展型支持予以缓解。基于全球博士生调查数据,本研究将心理支持、职业与学术支持作为发展型支持,另将经济支持作为保障型支持,以比较发展型支持对缓解博士生心理健康问题的有效性。分析发现:经济、心理、职业、学术四类支持存在群体异质性,发展型支持的水平高于保障型支持;每种支持措施均能独立缓解博士生心理困难,但对于“因劳致郁”现象,仅有发展型支持可以有效缓解,而保障型支持则无法有效缓解。培养单位与导师有必要以风险管理为思路,加强对博士生的发展型支持,同时优化保障型支持,拓展其解决即时性困难的功能。

综合医院医生心理健康状况调查

目的:了解综合医院医生心理健康状况。方法:采用症状自评量表(SCL-90)调查了综合医院的328名医生。结果:综合医院的医生中至少1个因子平均分大于3分者占27.74%;综合医院医生的SCL-90各因子得分除恐怖因子外,其他因子分均高于国内正常人的水平,差异均有显著性(P<0.05);女医生在躯体化、人际敏感、抑郁、焦虑、敌意、偏执因子上的得分均高于男医生,男医生在强迫因子上的得分高于女医生,且差异都具有显著性(P<0.05);急诊科和外科医生的SCL-90各因子得分明显高于内科和精神科医生。结论:综合医院的医生尤其是急诊科和外科医生存在明显的心理卫生问题,应该引起社会的重视。

医护人员工作家庭冲突与工作倦怠的关系

目的 :考察医护人员工作家庭冲突与工作倦怠之间的关系。方法 :采用工作家庭冲突问卷和工作倦怠问卷MBI -HSS对 2 18名医护人员进行了调查。结果 :在控制了人口统计学变量之后 ,工作家庭冲突对情绪衰竭方差变异量的解释增加了 3 7% ;对情感疏远方差变量的解释增加了 18% ;对个人成就感方差变异量的解释增加了 12 %。结论 :降低工作家庭冲突能有效地预防和矫治工作倦怠。

高中生的安全感及其相关因素

目的 :了解高中生的安全感状况。方法 :采用自编安全感量表对 5 45名高二学生进行调查。结果 :安全感及其两个因子在是否独生这一变量上差异达到统计学显著水平 (F =2 66,2 67,2 13 ,P <0 0 5 ,P <0 0 1) ,独生子女的安全感高于非独生子女。来自城乡不同家庭的子女其总体安全感和确定控制感没有显著的差异 ,但在人际安全这一因子上 ,城市子女的安全感高于农村的子女 (F =2 0 9,P <0 0 5 )。在人际安全因子上 ,父母是否离异与性别之间存在交互作用 (F =4 176,P <0 0 5 ) ,而其它的影响变量间没有交互作用。在确定控制因子和总体的安全感方面 ,各变量间的交互作用均不显著。结论 :高中生安全感受到独生与否、城乡差异、父母离异和性别等因素的影响。

医生职业压力与心理健康状况关系

目的探讨医生的职业压力及其与心理健康状况的关系。方法使用自编的医生职业压力源量表和症状自评量表(SCL-90)进行测查。结果19.5%的医生有中等程度以上的职业压力,2.3%的医生有重度以上的职业压力。居于前3位的职业压力源是待遇负荷、专业水平和医疗风险。医生的职业压力水平存在性别和年龄组间差异。职业压力源量表各因子分和压力水平总均分与症状自评量表各因子分均呈显著正相关,职业压力源对心理健康因子有显著的正向预测作用。结论医生的职业压力普遍存在,职业压力是影响医生心理健康状况的重要因素。

青藏铁路现场管理人员血氧饱和度、睡眠质量及心理健康状况调查

目的 :探讨青藏铁路现场管理人员的血氧饱和度 (SaO2 )、睡眠质量、心理健康状况及其影响因素。方法 :采用随机整群抽样 ,应用Dash2 0 0 0型生理多参数监护仪、匹兹堡睡眠质量指数 (PSQI)问卷和症状自评量表 (SCL -90 ) ,对青藏铁路现场管理人员 117人进行现场测评 ,并与重庆地区铁路工程现场管理人员 90人比较。结果 :青藏铁路现场管理人员收缩压、舒张压较高 ,SaO2 较低 ,PSQI总分及习惯性睡眠效率、使用睡眠药物两因子分及SCL -90总分及各因子得分较高 ,与非住藏铁路现场管理人员比较均有统计学差异。多因素分析结果显示白天功能紊乱、睡眠紊乱、睡眠持续性和年龄是影响受试心理健康水平的相关因素。结论 :青藏铁路现场管理人员心理健康水平和睡眠状况明显差于非住藏铁路工程管理人员 ,睡眠是影响心理健康的重要因素。