Sex with Strangers Dogging English Parks

英语词汇如何获得新的词义,本文似乎作了清晰的演绎。本文标题中的dogging,显然是“一直跟踪;尾随”的意思,如:A stranger then is still dogging us.(一个陌生人仍在跟踪我们。)但是,文中出现了另一个dogging,作者对它的释义是:The term“dogging”apparently comes from those who claim only to be“tak-ing the dog for a walk”-but are actually on the prowl(徘徊)for somethingmore.而这里的something more,即指标题中的Sex with Strangers。文章不乏此类隐晦的表达,另如:…and online message boards list the best parks and car-parks to watch people express themselves.其中的express themselves的真实含义,就值得我们三思玩味。

种子休眠与萌发调控的研究进展

休眠使植物种子能够为萌发安排时间,直到环境条件变得有利于幼苗的存活与生长。种子的休眠特性具有重要的生态适应性意义和显著的农业价值。植物激素脱落酸(ABA)和赤霉素(GA)是种子休眠与萌发的关键因素,处于休眠状态的成熟种子含有高水平的ABA和低水平的GA;ABA诱导和维持种子休眠,而GA拮抗ABA的作用和促进种子萌发。萌发延迟-1 (DOG1)是种子休眠的主要调控因子,与ABA协同作用延迟萌发。DOG1通过与PP2C ABA过敏感萌发(AHG1/AHG3)结合以增强ABA的信号转导,以及抑制AHG1的作用以增加ABA的敏感性和强加种子休眠。印记基因在受精前后受到表观遗传机制的调控,与种子休眠的建立与释放密切相关。近年来,种子休眠的调控研究取得了显著的进展。本文综述了植物激素ABA和GA对种子休眠与萌发的控制, DOG1调控种子休眠的作用机制,以及种子休眠与萌发的表观遗传调控,并提出了在本领域需要进一步研究的科学问题,以期为深入理解种子休眠与萌发的分子机制、抗穗萌发育种以及促进休眠种子的萌发提供参考。

种子休眠与萌发的关键调控因子DOG1的研究进展

DOG1(Delay of germination 1)蛋白是种子休眠的一种主要调控因子,可与ABA协同作用来延迟种子萌发。核心脱落酸(ABA)信号转导途径和DOG1途径在蛋白磷酸酶2C(PP2C)中汇聚。DOG1调控种子休眠需要PP2C,并通过与ABA过敏感萌发(AHG1/AHG3)结合来增强ABA的信号转导。DOG1抑制AHG1的作用来增加ABA的敏感性和诱导种子休眠。近年来,DOG1对种子休眠与萌发的调控研究取得了显著进展。本文对该领域的研究成果进行了综述,主要包括:DOG1对种子成熟、休眠与萌发的作用,DOG1表达的转录调控机制以及DOG1对种子休眠与萌发的调控及作用机制,最后提出了在本领域需要进一步研究的科学问题。

三阴性乳腺癌患者CD117、DOG1表达水平与临床病理特征及预后的相关性

目的 探究CD117、DOG1表达水平与三阴性乳腺癌(triple-negative breast cancer, TNBC)患者临床病理特征及预后的相关性。方法 回顾性纳入2000—2011年北京协和医院的TNBC患者。取其肿瘤组织芯片,采用免疫组化法检测肿瘤细胞中CD117、DOG1表达情况,分析二者与患者年龄、肿瘤直径、美国癌症联合委员会(American Joint Committee on Cancer, AJCC)分期、组织学分级、P53、Ki-67增殖指数等临床病理特征的关系,及其对患者生存期的影响。结果共入选符合纳入与排除标准的TNBC患者185例,其中CD117阳性24例(12.97%),DOG1阳性22例(11.89%),二者共表达率为1.62%。相较于肿瘤细胞CD117阴性患者,CD117阳性患者中高Ki-67增殖指数(87.50%比67.70%,P=0.048)、基底样TNBC(95.83%比74.53%,P=0.020)、P53弥漫强阳(33.33%比13.66%,P=0.032)的比例均更高。相较于DOG1阴性患者,DOG1阳性患者中肿瘤直径≤2 cm(22.73%比45.40%,P=0.026)、基底样TNBC(54.55%比80.37%,P=0.015)的比例均更低。中位随访时间71个月(范围:2~170个月),失访4例(2.16%),复发或远处转移66例(35.68%),死亡34例(18.38%)。生存分析显示,AJCC分期(HR=7.624,95%CI:2.187~26.576,P=0.001)及CD117阳性伴P53弥漫强阳(HR=3.942,95%CI:1.366~11.379,P=0.011)与TNBC患者总生存期呈负相关。结论 CD117阳性、DOG1阴性与基底样TNBC具有一定相关性,且CD117阳性伴P53弥漫强阳者总生存期更短,死亡风险增高。

Insights into the interplay between gut microbiota and lipid metabolism in the obesity management of canines and felines

Obesity is a prevalent chronic disease that has significant negative impacts on humans and our companion animals,including dogs and cats.Obesity occurs with multiple comorbidities,such as diabetes,hypertension,heart disease and osteoarthritis in dogs and cats.A direct link between lipid metabolism dysregulation and obesity-associated diseases has been implicated.However,the understanding of such pathophysiology in companion animals is lim-ited.This review aims to address the role of lipid metabolism in various metabolic disorders associated with obesity,emphasizing the involvement of the gut microbiota.Furthermore,we also discuss the management of obesity,including approaches like nutritional interventions,thus providing novel insights into obesity prevention and treatment for canines and felines.

Clinical features of chronic kidney disease in dogs with the serological presence of Leptospira spp.,Ehrlichia canis,and Anaplasma phagocytophilum

Chronic kidney disease is commonly diagnosed in dogs,and clinical signs may be aggravated when infected agents are involved.In this case report,33 dogs with chronic kidney disease were clinically evaluated and serologically tested for Leptospira spp.,Ehrlichia canis,and Anaplasma phagocytophilum.The seroprevalence for Leptospira spp.was 39.4%.The most frequent serovars found were Pyrogenes,Canicola,Bratislava and Australis,with serological titers between 1:100 to 1:800.Clinical signs included fever,depression,decreased body condition,vomiting and hema‑turia.Signifcant laboratory fndings were anemia,leukocytosis,thrombocytopenia,increased liver enzymes,urea and creatinine,hyperbilirubinemia and hyperphosphatemia.All leptospira seronegative dogs were positive for one or both monitored homoparasites(i.e.,E.canis and A.phagocytophilum);only three leptospira seropositive dogs were positive for one or both hemoparasites.Findings also suggest that endemic hemoparasites of dogs should be moni‑tored in dogs with a kidney condition for a better clinical picture of the patients and therapeutic approach.

Molecular characterization of canine parvovirus type 2(CPV2)reveals a high prevalence of the CPV2c genotype among dogs sufering from diarrhea

Canine parvovirus 2(CPV-2)is a highly contagious virus in dogs that typically causes hemorrhagic enteritis and a high mortality rate in unvaccinated puppies.The genetic variability and antigenic diversity of CPV-2 hinder its efective prevention of infection by vaccination.To investigate the epidemiology and genetic characteristics of CPV-2 in China,rectal swabs from afected dogs were collected from diferent animal clinics in Kunshan from 2022 to 2023.Preliminary detection and capsid gene sequencing of CPV-2 were performed using previously described primers and protocols.The overall detection rate for CPV-2 was 16.5%(33/200).A signifcant association was found between the CPV-2-positivity and clinical signs,age,breed and vaccination status.Sequence analysis revealed the presence of CPV-2c genotypes in all positive samples,which were genetically similar to other Asian CPV-2c strains.Notably,four key mutations(A5G,F267Y,Y324I and Q370R)were detected in all isolates,and one novel mutation(I447M)was detected in three CPV-2 isolates.These mutations in the CPV-2 strains could impact vaccine efcacy and the efectiveness of the virus immune evasion.Surprisingly,no recombination events were observed between the identifed CPV-2c strains and reference strains from China.Our data revealed that amino acid residues 324,426 and 440 of VP2 may under strong selection pressure.This pattern of genetic variation in the CPV-2 lineage warrants continuous laboratory-based surveillance programs in other parts of China to better understand the pattern of seasonal distribution and association between emerging genotypes and the intensity of disease severity.

Are dogs not susceptible to retroviral infections?

Retroviruses have been proven to cause infections and diseases in a series of mammalian hosts but not in dogs.Then,this letter discussed the dog susceptibility to retrovirus infection,encompassing arguments to understand why dogs may have not been infected by retroviruses thus far.The potential resistance of retrovirus in dogs enables this provocative short communication to discuss this question,looking at some evolutive aspects.The lineage of canids has shown,throughout its evolutionary history,a smaller accumulation of retroviruses in canid genomes,classifed as endogenous retroviruses.In this context,the genomes of canids seem to ofer obstacles,which have been evolutionarily conserved,in the face of retroviral infection.

Isolation of a feline-derived feline panleukopenia virus with an A300P substitution in the VP2 protein and confrmation of its pathogenicity in dogs

Feline panleukopenia virus(FPV)is a single-stranded DNA virus that can infect cats and cause feline panleukopenia,which is a highly contagious and fatal disease in felines.The sequence of FPV is highly variable,and mutations in the amino acids of its capsid protein play crucial roles in altering viral virulence,immunogenicity,host selection,and other abilities.In this study,the epidemiology of FPV was studied using 746 gastrointestinal swab samples derived from cats that presented gastrointestinal symptoms specifcally,diarrhea or vomiting during the period spanning from 2018 to 2022.The overall prevalence of FPV-positive patients among these samples was determined to be 45.4%.Capsid(virion)protein 2(VP2)gene of each FPV-positive sample was sequenced and amplifed,yielding 65 VP2 sequences.Among them,six VP2 gene sequences were detected in the majority of the samples test positive for FPV,and these positive samples originated from a diverse range of geographical locations.These isolates were named FPV-6,FPV-10,FPV-15,FPV-251,FPV-271 and FPV-S2.Additionally,the substitution of Ala300Pro(A300P)in VP2 was detected for the frst time in feline-derived FPV(FPV-251).FPV-251 isolate,with this substitution in VP2 protein,exhibited stable proliferative capacity in Madin-Darby canine kidney(MDCK)cells and A72 cells.FPV-271 was selected as the FPV control isolate due to its single amino acid diference from VP2 protein of FPV-251 at position 300(FPV-271 has alanine,while FPV-251 has proline).After oral infection,both FPV-251 and FPV-271 isolates caused feline panleukopenia,which is characterized by clinical signs of enterocolitis.However,FPV-251 can infect dogs through the oral route and cause gastrointestinal(GI)symptoms with lesions in the intestine and mesenteric lymph nodes(MLNs)of infected dogs.This is the frst report on the presence of an A300P substitution in VP2 protein of feline-derived FPV.Additionally,FPV isolate with a substitution of A300P at VP2 protein demonstrated efcient replication capabilities in canine cell lines and the ability to infect dogs.

Hybrid Prairie Dog and Beluga Whale Optimization Algorithm for Multi-Objective Load Balanced-Task Scheduling in Cloud Computing Environments

The cloud computing technology is utilized for achieving resource utilization of remotebased virtual computer to facilitate the consumers with rapid and accurate massive data services.It utilizes on-demand resource provisioning,but the necessitated constraints of rapid turnaround time,minimal execution cost,high rate of resource utilization and limited makespan transforms the Load Balancing(LB)process-based Task Scheduling(TS)problem into an NP-hard optimization issue.In this paper,Hybrid Prairie Dog and Beluga Whale Optimization Algorithm(HPDBWOA)is propounded for precise mapping of tasks to virtual machines with the due objective of addressing the dynamic nature of cloud environment.This capability of HPDBWOA helps in decreasing the SLA violations and Makespan with optimal resource management.It is modelled as a scheduling strategy which utilizes the merits of PDOA and BWOA for attaining reactive decisions making with respect to the process of assigning the tasks to virtual resources by considering their priorities into account.It addresses the problem of pre-convergence with wellbalanced exploration and exploitation to attain necessitated Quality of Service(QoS)for minimizing the waiting time incurred during TS process.It further balanced exploration and exploitation rates for reducing the makespan during the task allocation with complete awareness of VM state.The results of the proposed HPDBWOA confirmed minimized energy utilization of 32.18% and reduced cost of 28.94% better than approaches used for investigation.The statistical investigation of the proposed HPDBWOA conducted using ANOVA confirmed its efficacy over the benchmarked systems in terms of throughput,system,and response time.

Efficacy of 1% Permethrin and 2% Permethrin Combined with 1% Piperonyl Butoxide against Rhipicephalus sanguineus Ticks in Naturally Infested Dogs

The aim of the present study was to compare the ixodicide efficacy of 1% permethrin applied as a shampoo-bath in single treatment and a combined formulation of 2% permethrin + 1% piperonyl butoxide applied as powder in a single treatment against Rhipicephalus sanguineus ticks, in naturally infested dogs. Eighteen adult cross-mixed dogs, harboring to at least 20 ticks/animal, were selected on pre-treatment live tick counts. On day 0, the dogs were then divided in 3 groups of 6 animals each, for treatment: Group 1 (G1) received 1% permethrin applied as shampoo-bath (approximately 10 ml/kg bw), according to label instructions. G2 was treated with 2% permethrin + 1% piperonyl butoxide applied as powder, and rubbed as massage on the body, as recommended by the producer. G3 served as a non-treated control. After the treatment, the dogs were checked out for live ticks counting on days 0, 1, 7, and 14. The ixodicide efficacy was assessed based on the percentage reductions of ticks on the days analyzed post-treatment, with respect to the untreated control. Results showed that permethrin alone removed ticks on 81%, 93.1% and 89.6% for days 1, 7 and 14, respectively. The combined formulation of 2% permethrin + 1% piperonyl butoxide exerted a better efficacy of 98.8, 97.7 and 97.0%, respectively. It is concluded that this combined formulation was highly effective at rapidly repelling and killing Riphicephalus sanguineus ticks on naturally infected dogs, showing a significant effect on days 1, 7 and 14 after tick exposure. The sustained high and quick level of efficacy of this combination may well interfere with the transmission of Riphicephalus sanguineus ticks. It is concluded that the sustained high level of efficacy of the permethrin + piperonyl butoxide combination may well exert an additive effect and could interfere with the transmission of Riphicephalus sanguineus ticks.

Predicting Adult Dog Temperament Based on Puppy Behaviors: A Machine Learning Approach for Enhancing Canine Welfare

Every year, a higher number of dogs are abandoned or euthanised due to temperament issues and a lack of understanding by owners regarding dog behaviour and training. This research focuses on the potential to make predictions of adult dog temperament based on early puppy behaviours by using a machine learning model. Specifically, the research used guard dog breeds, such as American Bully, American Pit Bull Terrier, and German Shepherd. The study collected dog data and general data from dog owners and used the Random Forest approach to build a predictive model. Users are allowed to input puppy data and receive adult dog temperament predictions in model, which is integrated into a web application. The aims of this web application are to enhance responsible dog ownership and reduce abandonment by offering insights and training recommendations based on predicted outcomes. The model achieved a prediction accuracy of 86% on testing, and it is continually improving, though further refinement is recommended to improve its reliability and applicability across a broader range of breeds. The study contributes to canine welfare by providing a practical solution for predicting temperament outcomes, ultimately helping to reduce shelter populations and euthanasia rates.

贝拉的龙卷风历险记

1 After a devastating EF-4 tornado ripped through the heart of a Tennessee neighborhood,a lost dog who saved her family has finally been found.2 On the night of March 3,Eric Johnson was woken up by his dog,Bella,whimpering under the bed.Johnson said he knew something was not right.

Dangerous delicacies for dogs

Activity 1.Think about the following questions and write down your answers before reading the text.1.Do you know some foods are toxic to dogs?2.What foods do you avoid giving your dog?

中国大陆GPS速度场的球面小波模型及多尺度特征分析

利用1999—2009年间中国大陆共1068个GPS站点在东方向、北方向的速度值,采用DOG球面小波多尺度分析方法,建立了中国大陆东方向、北方向多尺度速度场。球面小波模型的尺度主要根据观测站点的密度来确定,利用检核点上的已知速度与模型速度之间的均方差来评定模型的精度。利用球面小波模型可以更加清晰地表示速度场的大尺度特征和复杂的局部变化特征。站点稠密区域,模型在东方向、北方向上的精度分别为±0.95mm/a、±0.97mm/a,稀疏区域对应的精度分别为±1.32mm/a和±1.30mm/a。

胃肠道间质瘤临床病理及免疫组化表达的分析

目的探讨胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)的临床病理和免疫组织化学特征。方法回顾性分析181例经手术治疗的GIST患者临床病理资料,并检测CD117、DOG1、CD34、SMA、Desmin、S100的表达。结果 GIST形态学表现以梭形细胞型为主。CD117、DOG1、CD34、SMA、Desmin、S100阳性表达率分别为:91.2%、89.5%、77.9%、35.6%、6.1%、11.0%。CD117与DOG1阳性表达一致率为83.4%(151/181),DOG1在68.8%(11/16)的CD117阴性GIST中阳性表达。GIST组织中仅DOG1的阳性表达与患者年龄、肿瘤大小、危险度分级有关(P<0.05),其他标记物与GIST临床病理因素均无关。结论 CD117和DOG1是诊断GIST敏感而有效的指标,联合检测CD117、CD34和DOG1可提高GIST诊断的准确率;SMA、Desmin、S100是重要的鉴别诊断指标;DOG1阴性表达可能提示GIST预后不良。

CD117、PDGFRA蛋白单独及联合DOG1检测在胃肠道间质瘤中的诊断价值

目的:探讨组织中CD117、PDGFRA两种蛋白表达在胃肠道间质瘤(gastrointestinal stromal tumors,GIST)中的诊断价值及联合DOG1蛋白检测的意义。方法:回顾性对99例GIST和25例非GIST肿瘤标本进行CD117、PDGFRA和DOG1蛋白表达进行检测并进行相关性分析。结果:GIST组CD117、PDGFRA和DOG1蛋白表达率分别为93.94%(93/99)、53.54%(53/99)和90.91%(90/99),非GIST组分别为4.00%(1/25)、4.00%(1/25)和12.00%(3/25),组间比较均有统计学意义(P<0.05);GIST组性别、年龄、肿瘤直径、肿瘤部位、组织学类型和危险度分级等临床病理参数与CD117、PDGFRA和DOG1蛋白表达无统计学意义(P>0.05);CD117、PDGFRA、DOG1、CD117和DOG1联合、PDGFRA和DOG1联合及三者联合判断GIST的敏感性分别为0.989、0.981、0.968、0.960、0.933和0.961,特异性分别为0.800、0.343、0.710、0.840、0.947和0.955,ROC曲线下面积(AUC)分别为0.945、0.748、0.895、0.895、0.840和0.975。结论:GIST中CD117、PDGFRA及DOG1蛋白表达在胃肠道间质瘤中的优势人群有待进一步研究;CD117、PDGFRA蛋白单独及联合DOG1检测可提高对GIST诊断的准确度。

胃肠道间质瘤组织中DOG1与CD117、CD34的表达及意义

目的通过检测胃肠道间质瘤(GIST)中DOG1与CD117、CD34的表达,探讨DOG1与CD117、CD34的联合表达与GIST相关性及临床意义。方法应用免疫组化检测80例GIST中DOG1与CD117、CD34的表达,并与平滑肌肉瘤及神经鞘瘤进行对照分析。结果在GIST患者中,DOG1与CD117表达阳性率相比无统计学差异(P>0.05),DOG1与CD117表达阳性率明显高于CD34(P<0.01)的表达;与DOG1+/CD117+共同表达阳性率相比,DOG1+/CD34+(P<0.01)和CD117+/CD34+(P<0.05)的共同表达阳性率明显降低;在7例CD117阴性表达的GIST患者中,其中6例(85.7%)的DOG1呈阳性表达。不同性别、年龄组、部位及危险度之间DOG1表达阳性率的差异无统计学意义。结论 DOG1作为GIST一种新的标志物,具有与CD117同样的高敏感性;与CD117联合用于GIST的诊断具有较好的特异性和互补性,尤其对CD117阴性的GIST具有较大优势,但不能作为划分GIST危险度的指标。

脱落酸代谢与信号传递及其调控种子休眠与萌发的分子机制

种子休眠是许多植物在长期系统发育进程中获得的一种适应环境变化的特性,是调控种子萌发和幼苗形成的最适时空分布的一种有效方式,也是物种成功繁衍与传播的一种选择性策略。种子休眠与萌发的激素调控可能是一种高度保守的机制,其中脱落酸(ABA)在种子休眠解除与萌发中起关键作用,赤霉素(GA)在休眠被解除后促进种子萌发。ABA在种子休眠与萌发中的作用主要受ABA代谢(生物合成和分解代谢)和信号传递途径的调控。为此,本文在综述ABA代谢和信号传递研究进展的基础上,阐述了ABA在种子发育、休眠与萌发中的作用,以及种子休眠特异性基因DOG1(萌发延迟1)与ABA信号组分的关系。研究表明,C40环氧类胡萝卜素是ABA生物合成的前体,玉米黄质环氧化酶和9-顺式-环氧类胡萝卜素二加氧酶是ABA生物合成的主要调节酶;ABA的分解代谢包括羟基化作用和与葡萄糖结合,CYP707A家族催化ABA C-8’位置上的羟基化作用,这是ABA分解代谢的重要步骤。在核心ABA信号传递途径中,ABA与PYR/PYL/RCAR受体结合并触发受体发生构象变化,从而允许受体-ABA复合物与2C类蛋白磷酸酶(PP2C)结合并抑制其活性,导致激酶如蔗糖非发酵-1相关的蛋白激酶2(SnRK2)的去抑制和活化。然后,这些激酶磷酸化和活化转录因子(transcription factors,TF),TF与靶启动子结合和诱导下游的ABA反应基因表达。ABA在种子成熟中后期积累,合子组织中合成的ABA诱导初生休眠和促进种子成熟;在发育中积累和在干种子中存留的ABA含量在种子吸胀初期下降。ABA是种子休眠诱导和维持的正调控因子,是萌发的负调控因子。DOG1在种子成熟过程中表达和发挥作用,其表达受可变剪接和可变多腺苷酸化调控。反义DOG1是种子休眠的一种抑制因子,通过干扰转录和转录延伸负调控DOG1的表达和种子休眠。种子的休眠与萌发除了被核心ABA信号途径调控外,也被DOG1-AHG1(ABA过敏感萌发1)/AHG3途径调控。DOG1能与AHG1/AHG3结合,通过结合ABA信号传递的负调控因子和增加对ABA的敏感性而引起种子休眠。最后,提出了该领域需要进一步研究的科学问题,包括ABA代谢中ABA 8’-羟化酶、ABA葡糖基转移酶和β-葡糖苷酶及其基因怎样响应发育和环境的变化以维持正常的ABA水平。ABA的重要调控因子例如Ca2+或者活性氧对核心ABA信号传递途径的影响,核心ABA信号传递途径与DOG1-AHG1/AHG3途径的下游重叠组分PP2C在整合生理条件或者环境信号时优先响应哪一条途径、这两条途径怎样被协调、以及PP2C有哪些新的靶组分。本文将为深入研究ABA调控种子休眠与萌发的分子机理提供参考。

DOG1、CD117和Ki67在胃肠道间质瘤中的表达及其与临床病理因素和危险度的相关性

目的探讨DOG1、CD117和Ki67在胃肠道间质瘤中表达及其与临床病理因素的相关性和危险度的关系。方法应用免疫组化方法检测DOG1、CD117和Ki67在66例GIST中表达情况,并对病例进行危险度分级,分析上述免疫组化指标与临床病理相关因素和危险度之间的关系。结果在66例GIST中,DOG1表达阳性率为93.94%,CD117表达阳性率为65.15%,其中CD117阴性的GIST中DOG1阳性表达率为82.61%。DOG1和CD117阳性表达率与性别、年龄、部位、肿瘤大小、核分裂数、危险度之间差异均无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。但DOG1表达阳性率高于CD117,差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）。Ki67增殖指数〈1%,1%～5%和＞5%的例数分别为15例、20例、24例。Ki67增殖指数在GIST中阳性表达率为89.39%,Ki67的阳性表达与性别、年龄、部位之间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）,而与肿瘤大小、核分裂数及危险度之间差异有统计学意义（P〈0.01）,并且Ki67增殖指数与肿瘤大小、核分裂数及危险度之间均呈正相关（r=0.488、r=0.425、r=0.550）。在CD117阳性的GIST中,Ki67阳性表达率高于DOG1阳性的GIST,两者之间差异无统计学意义（P＞0.05）。结论在GIST中,DOG1比CD117有更高的敏感性,Ki67增殖指数的表达可与肿瘤大小、核分裂数一起作为判断危险度及预测预后的重要指标。