A Comparison study of First and Second Language Acquisition

More focuses of foreign language teaching theory and practice are on the study of first language and second language acquisition. The article deals with the concept of first and second language acquisition, the relationship between them and the factors influencing on them. The characteristics of the children acquisition and adult acquisition are also studied.

The Comparison between Audio-lingual Method and Communicative Language Teaching in the Foreign Language Teaching

To increase the efficiency of teaching and improve the quality of teaching, it is necessary to learn the English teaching methodology and put the theory into practice. Audio-lingual Method and Communicative Language Teaching are very important methods in English language teaching. In this essay, I made a comparison and analysis based on their theories and practices. It is beneficial for us to proceed from the reality and use these methods appropriately.

A Comparison of the Character,Target and Content of Teaching Chinese as a Foreign Language and the Chinese Courses at Primary School

This article examines the opinion that teaching Chinese as a foreign language(TCFL)is equivalent to teaching Chinese at primary school by analyzing the differences between the character,target and content of the two courses and reasons for their differences to provide theories and practical support for a more reasonable and effective teaching.

A Linguistic Analysis of Humorous Discourses between the English and Mandarin Language

The paper is divided into Five Chapters,aiming to explain the humorous effect in our daily discourse in the perspective of linguistic analysis.It is another new discovery.Two languages have their own distinct features.When translating,we will find a lot of humorous effect created by these language differences.The analysis of the topic is undergoing through term definition and case study.The paper might be of some help to further the humorous research in literature,art,academic circles or daily conversations.More methods of analysis,at the same time,are appreciated.

Semantic Features of Kinship Terminology in Modern Chinese Language

The article describes semantic features of kinship terminology in modern Chinese language. To make a more complete analysis, the article compares the semantics of kinship terminology in Kazakh, Russian, English and Chinese languages, which belong to various language groups.

＂Chinese Character- Chinese Language＂ the Regional Linguistic System. Developing Process and Current Situation

Linguistic civilization orientation is a necessity for all eras,with which the motivation,viable model and pragmatic hypothesis of the language can be formed."Chinese character— Chinese language"takes on different cultures in different regions, embodying the integration of language and civilization. As a result, in order to analyze linguistics, it is necessary for us to compare the Chinese language at home and abroad, and it is the linguistic construction based on the public. The modern Chinese language inherits the cultural connotation of the Chinese linguistics and answers the regional hypothesis and establishes the new linguistic system for the Chinese language in different regions.

A Decision Support Framework for the Choice of Languages and Methods for the Design of Real Time Embedded Systems

The choice of methods or design languages is a crucial phase in the development of systems and software, also for real time and embedded systems. An open question that remains in the design of these types of systems is to build a method, or to choose one among those existing, capable to cover the life cycle of a project, and particularly the development phases. This article contributes to answer the question, by proposing an approach based on a multi-criteria comparative study, of few languages and methods dedicated to the design of real time and embedded systems. The underlying objective of this work is to present to designers a wide range of approaches, and elements that can guide their choices. In order to reach this goal, we propose different comparison criteria. Each criterion is divided into sub-criteria, so that the designers can refine their choices according to the qualities they prefer and wish to have in the method or language. We also define a rating scale which is used to assess the retained languages and methods. The scores obtained from this assessment are presented in tables, one table per criterion, followed by a summary table giving the overall scores. Graphics built from these tables are provided and intend to facilitate the judgement and thus the choice of the designers.

Java Language for Numerical Control Simulation System Research

Java language is widely used in a variety of development platforms to develop all kinds of application software for its simple and efficient.The programming language owning platform independent is adopted to solve the image flicker,sound loading and other issues by the threading technology,multimedia technology,graphics and point by point comparison techniques.Dynamic real⁃time process simulation is implemented and a two⁃dimensional network of CNC machining simulation system is developed while Java applet application is as a carrier.The simulation results show that the system has a friendly interface and fast calculation speed,and platform portability has a certain practicality and application value.

Feature Modeling and Variability Modeling Syntactic Notation Comparison and Mapping

Feature Model (FM) became an important role in Software Product Line Engineering (SPLE) field. Many approaches have been introduced since the original FM came up with Feature Oriented Domain Analysis (FODA) introduced by Kang in 1990. The main purpose of FM is used for commonality and variability analysis in domain engineering, to optimize the reusable aspect of software features or components. Cardinality-based Feature Model (CBFM) is one extension of original FM, which integrates several notations of other extensions. In CBFM, feature model defined as hierarchy of feature, with each of feature has a cardinality. The other notation to express variability within SPLE is Orthogonal Variability Model (OVM). At the other hand, OMG as standard organization makes an effort to build standard generic language to express the commonality and variability in SPL field, by initiate Common Variability Language (CVL). This paper reports the comparison and mapping of FODA, CBFM and OVM to CVL where need to be explored first to define meta model mapping of these several approaches. Furthermore, the comparison and mapping of those approaches are discussed in term of R3ST (read as “REST”) software feature model as the case study.

Comparison of Two Translations of Pride and Prejudice

This paper tries to compare and analyze two Chinese translations of English novel Pride and Prejudice with its original work,from the aspect of idiomaticity,appropriateness and correctness,to improve our ability in using the languages and to help confirm corresponding language elements and improve the quality of translation works in translation.

“大语法”关照下汉外词汇比较

汉语“大语法”超越主谓结构,以对话为基础,以对言格式为主干。韵律和词汇都是大语法的有机组成部分。词汇的汉外比较有利于真切认识汉语的词汇特色和构造运作之道。与英语相比较,逻辑要素在汉语里的习惯表达倾向于成对的语词,这一比较更能揭示汉语大语法“对言对思”的特性。“语义的不确定性”是语言的正常特性,符合语言交际和语言演化的一般规律。从词汇意义和语法意义的“不确定性”出发,确立汉语词汇和语法共同的“名动包含”的格局,这就开启了把名词和动词视为“对等项”的可能,为汉语大语法超越主谓结构创造了学理条件。确立汉语“名动包含”格局还有助于我们从汉语出发反观印欧语,从而加深人们对人类语言本质的认识。

比较任务修正少样本细粒度情感分类方法

针对主流少样本学习方法在细粒度情感分类任务中难以区分情感程度相似样本的问题,提出一种基于比较任务的少样本细粒度文本情感分类的修正方法。对于比较任务的训练阶段,构建训练集样本的正负样本并设计一套比较任务模板。在比较任务的预测阶段设计一种将测试集样本与训练集样本情感程度比较结果进行投票分类的方法。利用比较任务的结果对单句分类结果进行修正,取得更稳定的结果。在细粒度情感分类数据集SST5及Amazon Product数据集上进行实验,结果表明,修正方法相较于主流方法获得更优的性能与稳定性。

《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准词汇表》与《台湾华语文能力基准词表》比较研究

内地《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准词表》与《台湾华语文能力基准词表》共有词约73%,差异词约27%。选词的情境类属有差异。情境主题下,共有词跨等交错分布,主要为日常生活类词语;情境主题外的独有词可据其典型特征分为“双方同类”和“单方独类”两种类型。独有词差异与两岸不同收词原则相关,词频在独有词增减整合中发挥重要作用。两岸词表存在融通趋势。

近十年国内虚拟位移现象研究述评

国内语言学界对于虚拟位移现象的研究,从一开始的跨语言对比研究到近几年不断兴起的汉语本体研究和认知研究,有了较大发展。近十年国内虚拟位移现象的研究主题涉及汉语虚拟位移判定、概念要素特征和编码形式描写、汉语虚拟位移语体性质以及不同视角的认知阐释研究等,但汉语虚拟位移判定的基础性问题尚未厘清,且多以书面语为主。今后需拓展虚拟位移现象的研究视野和领域,推进跨学科交叉研究。

从《国际中文教育中文水平等级标准》看全球中文教育字词等级分布——以中国、马来西亚、新加坡和欧洲为例

本文通过将中国、马来西亚、新加坡和欧洲的四类字词标准与《等级标准》进行对比,发现,若以“三圈”为基准,字词总量由内圈向外围递减,而与《等级标准》的重合程度则由内圈向外围递增,这是由内圈的母语文教育过渡到中圈的华文教育(类母语教育),再到外圈的汉语作为第二语言/外语教育的特点所决定的,也从另一个角度证明《等级标准》的定位是准确的、科学的。对比结果不仅揭示了四地字词标准各自的特点,也给我们带来了反思与启示。

多样化语言民俗策略的诗意书写

长篇小说《咆哮》采用极具地域色彩的辽西方言、后现代色彩的叙事语言、诗化风格的抒情性语言,书写辽西抗战史实,在艺术视野、人物形象、结构布局等方面呈现出一部艺术巨著的品格,对研究辽西语言风格与民俗文化具有深刻的意义与价值,不同的语言风格在展现其各自特点、发挥各自作用的同时,形成对比,表达出作者的情感倾向,深化了主题。此外,鲜活的民俗生活展示也映射出作者立足原生状态而努力打造创生生活和追求全新社会生活的艺术理想。

河北巨鹿方言选择疑问句琐议

河北巨鹿方言属于冀鲁官话中石济片的邢衡小片,语气词十分丰富。巨鹿方言的选择疑问句以选择问句和正反问句为主。共时层面上,选择问句、正反问句和重叠问句三者之间可以互相变换。历时层面上,巨鹿方言正反问句有三条演变路径:VP不哎>VP[口拜];VP不哎>VP不V(P)哎>V不VP哎/吔;V不VP哎/吔>VVP。这三条路径的演变动因分别是合音、重新分析以及紧缩化。此外,巨鹿方言和汉语的其他方言在语气词的使用以及选择疑问句的句式方面有类型学共性。

“汉藏语系”假说源流

“汉藏语系”假说自19世纪末正式提出以来极大地促进了汉藏语言的比较研究。本文通过梳理“汉藏语系”假说提出和论证各个阶段的理论和方法,重点分析了“汉藏语系”研究中面临的主要困难,以及当前研究中的挑战和突破方向,发现“汉藏语系”研究还存在着语音对应系统难以建立、同源词难以确定以及语言系属纷争不决三个方面的主要问题。当前,中外学者在坚持传统的类型学理论和历史比较方法进行语言内部的研究之外,还注意到了人类学、考古学和计算机辅助谱系年代学等创新方法的应用,为“汉藏语系”研究提供了多学科综合性视角的新思路。

江苏与香港地区中文教师教育课程比较研究——以南京师范大学与香港教育大学为例

教师教育课程是教师教育的核心要素,江苏与香港地区两地拥有共同的中文语用及文化传统,具有开展中文教师教育课程比较研究的天然基础。分别以南京师范大学与香港教育大学为例,比较两地中文教师教育课程的整体结构以及公共基础课程、学科专业课程、教育类课程与选修课程等课程类别的特点及异同。发现在课程结构上,江苏高校强调学科性,香港地区高校凸显师范性;公共基础课程中,江苏高校注重思政性,香港地区高校尤重通识性;学科专业课程中,江苏高校重视系统性,香港地区高校侧重导论性;教育类课程中,江苏高校取径标准化,香港地区高校彰显专业性;选修课程中,江苏高校规整严密,香港地区高校自由多元。由此提出可供我国中文教师教育课程进一步优化改进的启示,即加强各门各类中文教师教育课程的横纵双维耦合性、凸显课程“培养未来语文教师”的特性、强化课程“理论实践互嵌”的全实践性、探索促进师范生个体性PCK生成的专门实体性课程。

外语课程思政中的国家意识培养——以《英美文化》为例

在全球化的大背景下,外语课程不再仅仅是传授语言技能的载体,更应被看作一种有力的工具,引导学生塑造国家意识。以《英美文化》课程为例,本文深入探讨外语课程如何在思政中培养学生的国家意识。本文提倡引入现代教学手段,特别是翻转课堂等方法,通过思考和讨论,帮助学生更好地理解和感受英美文化,从而直观地体悟国家意识。通过与其他文化进行对比和反思,培养学生对文化差异的敏感性,使他们深刻认识到文化现象背后的历史、社会和政治因素,从而促进国家意识的深刻形成。最后,本文提出构建一个以课程为点、以教师为线、以学校管理部门为面的三维体系,全面推动国家意识的培养。