Cross-shelf variation of internal tides west of the Dongsha Plateau in the northern South China Sea

We examine the cross-shelf variation of internal tides(ITs)west of the Dongsha Plateau in the northern South China Sea based on observations from 4 moorings deployed between August 2017 and September 2018.On the slope,the amplitude of diurnal baroclinic current ellipses are 5 times larger than that of barotropic currents.The baroclinic energy quickly dissipates during cross-shelf propagation,and barotropic currents become dominant on the shelf outside of the Zhujiang River Estuary,with the amplitude of semidiurnal barotropic current ellipses being 10 times larger than that of the baroclinic ones.Dynamic modal decomposition indicates the first baroclinic mode is dominant for both diurnal and semidiurnal ITs.The total horizontal kinetic energy(HKE)of the first three baroclinic modes shows spatiotemporal differences among the 4 moorings.On the slope,the HKE for diurnal ITs is stronger in summer and winter,but weaker in spring and autumn;for semidiurnal ITs there is a similar seasonal variation,but the HKE in winter is even stronger than that in summer.On the shallow shelf,both diurnal and semidiurnal ITs maintain a certain intensity in summer but almost disappear in winter.Further analysis shows that only the upper water column is affected by seasonal variation of stratification on the slope,variation of diurnal ITs is thus controlled by the semi-annual cycle of barotropic energy input from the Luzon Strait,while the incoherent baroclinic currents make a major contribution to the temporal variation of semidiurnal ITs.For the shelf region,the water column is well mixed in winter,and the baroclinic energy largely dissipates when ITs propagate to the shelf zone despite of a strong barotropic energy input from the Luzon Strait.

Asymmetric chlorophyll responses enhanced by internal waves near the Dongsha Atoll in the South China Sea

Internal waves(IWs)are small-scale physical processes that occur frequently in stratified marginal seas.IWs are ubiquitous and well documented in the northern South China Sea(n SCS),but few studies have explored the ecosystem responses to the IWs.MODISA chlorophyll-a(Chl-a)data from 2002 to 2014 were used to examine the distribution of Chl a near the Dongsha Atoll(DSA).Composite Chl a from about 40 IWs during spring and summer showed stronger response on the northern side than on the southern side of the DSA.One day after the passage of IWs,composite surface Chl a on the northern side increased from 0.11 mg/m3 to a maximum mean value of 0.18 mg/m3.It decreased to 0.13 mg/m3 after two days and maintained that level for several days after the passage of IWs.The enhanced surface Chl a likely caused subsurface Chl-a maximum and nutrients in the surface layer.Approximately 64%of the increase in surface Chl a was due to the uplift of the subsurface Chl-a maximum one day after the passage of IWs,while nutrient-induced new phytoplankton growth contributed about 18%of the increase a few days later.When the IWs occurred frequently in spring and summer,Chl-a level on the northern side was about 30%higher than that on the southern side.IW dissipation and its impact on nutrients and chlorophyll were stronger on the northern side of the DSA than on the south,which caused a north-south asymmetric distribution of Chl a in the region.

A DEM Inversion Method for Inter-Tidal Zone Based on MODIS Dataset:A Case Study in the Dongsha Sandbank of Jiangsu Radial Tidal Sand-Ridges,China

Surthce elevation is tile basic data for geo-science. It is difficult to retrieve tidal-flats＇ elevation from a single Re- mote Sensing （RS） image because of the complicated sediment dynanical environment and huge spatial difference in tidal-flats＇ moisture content. A Digital Elevation Model （DEM） construction method for inconstant inter-tidal zone based on high tempo-resolution MODIS data set in a short period is proposed in a ease study on the Dongsha Sandbank of the Jiangsu Radial Tidal Sand-ridges. In the present study, a batch-preprocessing method based on image partition to handle massive MODIS IB images is developed and applied to 8163 scenes of MODIS images. The dataset of short-period and muhi-temporal MODIS images for inter-tidal flats＇ DEM inversion is selected and the usability of MODIS dataset is analyzed. Shorelines of the Dongsha Sandbank are extracted by use of batch supervised classification. In accord with tidal- 0 level forecasted by the Chenjiawu Tidal Gauge Station at the overpass moment of each RS image, DEMs of inter-tidal flats in January and sutmner（Jul, Aug and Sept）, 2003 are built under ArcG1S9.2. Studies show that： （1） The dataset of short-duration and muhi-phase MODIS images can be used to retrieve the historical DEM of tidal-flats at changeful tidal flats. （2） Aualysis on usability of MODIS images from Aqua and Terra indicates that there are more usable and higbquality MODIS images in spring, autumn and winter, but less in summer. Therefore, the period for building inter-tidal fiats＇ DEM is suggested to be one month in spring, autumn and winter and three months in summer.

An insight into shallow gas hydrates in the Dongsha area,South China Sea

Previous studies of gas hydrate in the Dongsha area mainly focused on the deep-seated gas hydrates that have a high energy potential,but cared little about the shallow gas hydrates occurrences.Shallow gas hydrates have been confirmed by drill cores at three sites(GMGS208,GMGS209 and GMGS216)during the GMGS2 cruise,which occur as veins,blocky nodules or massive layers,at 8–30 m below the seafloor.Gas chimneys and faults observed on the seismic sections are the two main fluid migration pathways.The deep-seated gas hydrate and the shallow hydrate-bearing sediments are two main seals for the migrating gas.The occurrences of shallow gas hydrates are mainly controlled by the migration of fluid along shallow faults and the presence of deep-seated gas hydrates.Active gas leakage is taking place at a relatively high-flux state through the vent structures identified on the geophysical data at the seafloor,although without resulting in gas plumes easily detectable by acoustic methods.The presence of strong reflections on the high-resolution seismic profiles and dim or chaotic layers in the subbottom profiles are most likely good indicators of shallow gas hydrates in the Dongsha area.Active cold seeps,indicated by either gas plume or seepage vent,can also be used as indicators for neighboring shallow gas hydrates and the gas hydrate system that is highly dynamic in the Dongsha area.

Br/Cl,I/Cl and chlorine isotopic compositions of pore water in shallow sediments：implications for the fluid sources in the Dongsha area,northern South China Sea

The Dongsha area is one of the most promising target areas for gas hydrate exploration in the South China Sea（SCS）.The study of pore water geochemistry has played a key role in Chinese gas hydrate exploration.Br/Cl,I/Cl and δ37Cl in pore water were applied here in tracing gas hydrate occurrence,chemical evolution of pore fluids and water/rock interactions in low temperature sediment environments.The samples were collected from Sites HD255 PC and HD309 PC in the Dongsha area in 2004.At Site HD255 PC,we found the elevated Br/Cl,I/Cl and decreased SO_4/Cl at the depth of 4–5 m,suggestive of a laterally migrated fluid probably generated from the gas hydrate occurrence.The range of δ37Cl is –0.54‰ to ＋0.96‰,and positive δ^（37）Cl at 4–5 m interval should be related with different diffusion rates between ^（35）Cl and ^（37）Cl.At Site HD309 PC,a laterally migrated fluid was also found at the depth of 3–4 m,with the Br/Cl two times to that of the seawater and decreased I/Cl,indicating the fluid has no relationship with the gas hydrate.In this site,the chlorine isotopic composition varies from –0.7‰ to＋1.9‰.Extra high Br/Cl might relate with the deep generated fluid.At higher temperature and pressure,the Br/Cl of the fluid is elevated during the hydrous silicate formation,while positive δ37Cl is also associated with the same mechanism.

Analysis on coral reefs mapping using SPOT5 data at the Dongsha Atoll

Coral reefs are an sensitive-to-environment complex marine ecosystem. The ecosystem of corals is rich in biodiversity. Remote sensing offers a powerful tool for categorizing coral reefs and is the most cost - effective approach for the large - scale reef survey. The Dongsha Atoll, more than 300 km2 with an average depth of 10 m, is located at the northern continental margin of the South China Sea. It has been abused by destructive fishing during recent decades. Three satellite imageries （Quickbird2, ETM ＋ and SPOTS） are used to evaluate the capabilities of SPOT5 imagery to provide data that are useful for categorizing the current distribution of coral reefs therein. During the data processing, unsupervised classification functions are adopted for ETM ＋ and SPOT5 data, while the supervised classification method is used for Quickbird2. The classes are （or not） merged into coral reef, and then will be operated by vectorization, simplification, and topological analysis. There are 1 331 coral reefs larger than 100 m2 with a detection limit of 3 × 3 pixels at the multi - band data of Quickbird2, which is taken as the comparison baseline. The results extracted from SPOT5 and ETM images are less in number and area than those from the Quickbird2 image, whereas the results from SPOT5 data are better than those of ETM data at the silty lagoon due to its higher resolution. SPOT5 XS band 2 fails to distinguish the deep substrate inside the atoll compared with ETM data because of its poor penetration capability. Only SPOT XS band 1 cannot be used to differentiate coral reef from sand bottom. Merging the SPOT5 multi - bands data with the spatial resolution of SPOT5 pan - data and referring to ETM imagery are expected to provide an optimal satellite - based approach for mapping of coral reefs.

Effects of igneous bodies on modification of modern slope morphology: Insights from the continental slope offshore Dongsha Islands, South China Sea

A statistical analysis for the morphological parameters extracted from numerous seismic profiles, and a highresolution seismic study of the southeastern slope of the Dongsha Islands(South China Sea) with water depth between approximately 500 and 3 100 m, has revealed the variation of morphological features due to the intrusion of igneous bodies and associated sedimentary processes. Three types of the continental slope are distinguished:(1) a rough and steep slope with multiple igneous bodies(Type 1),(2) a relatively smooth and gentle slope with the single igneous body(Type 2), and(3) a smooth and gentle slope without igneous bodies(Type 3). These igneous bodies, formed in the post-seafloor spreading of the South China Sea, are often characterized by high positive seismic amplitudes, and chaotic reflections with complex shapes. The igneous bodies in Type 1 separated the slope into two or more upper sub-sags and a lower main-sag, in which the sub-sags and main-sag could be filled with sediments transported by alongslope bottom currents at the same time. Whereas, the igneous body in Type 2 just separated the slope into an upper sub-sag and a lower main-sag, in which the sediments could be transported into the lower main-sag only after the upper sub-sag has been filled up. Type 3 represents a normal slope with common clinoform progradation. The modern slope morphologies in the study area are the results of adjustments of the continental slope due to the intrusion of igneous bodies and associated sedimentary processes. The distinctions among three types of modern slope morphologies indicate different depositional conditions and adjustments of slope morphologies.

A New Discovery of Deep-Water Benthic Organisms from the Southwestern Dongsha Area,South China Sea

Dongsha waters are poorly studied for gas hydrates. Previous multi-channel seismic reflection and Chirp sub- bottom profiles show that numerous submarine mounds stand up to 100 m high above the seafloor over the continental slope of the SW Dongsha Island in northern margin of the South China Sea （SCS）. These mounds are characterized by hardened seabed, seafloor gas venting and folded structures, which implies the existence of active mud volcanoes. This work aims to confirm this speculation by seafloor sample dredging and to explore the potential of gas hydrates.

Geological evolution of the Dongsha Uplift and its surrounding depressions in the South China Sea

-The tectonic types of the Zhujiang (Pearl) River Mouth Basin in the South China Sea are epicontinental rift-depression basins. Prior to Early Cretaceous time, the Dongsha Uplift arid its surrounding depressions had been combined with the Eurasia Plate in a single unit. Many ENE-trending narrow rifted basins were formed in the third episode of Yanshan orogeny (Late Laramide). The rifted basins in the Paleocene and Eocene were stretched and extended, forming Zhu 1, Zhu 2 and Zhu 3 depressions. The Dongsha Uplift is located between Zhu 1 and Zhu 2 depressions . covering an area of 28 000 Km2. Its geologic evolution can be divided into four stages:(1) Late Cretaceous - Paleocene block-faulting stage.(2) Eocene -Oligocene uplifting and eroding stage.(3) Late Oligocene - Early Miocene sustained subsiding stage.(4) Middle Miocene -Recent noncompensated subsiding stage.The Dongsha Uplift is a structural zone favourable for oil-gas accumulation.

Internal solitary waves on the southwest shelf of Dongsha Island observed from mooring ADCP

Internal solitary waves(ISWs) are frequently observed in the area between Dongsha Island(DI) and Taiwan Island. However, there have been few in-situ observations southwest of DI. To improve our knowledge of ISWs in this area, we observed the ISWs over the continental shelf(115.4°E, 20.3°N) from Aug. 29 to Oct. 10, 2011 with temperature sensors and an acoustic Doppler current profiler(ADCP). The observations showed that the a fully developed ISW produced a current whose maximum westward velocity was 0.92 m/s and maximum northward velocity was 0.47 m/s. During the 41-day observation period the ISWs appeared for three periods with about 7-day gaps between each period. During each day, two types of ISWs were observed. The first type of wave arrived regularly diurnally at the same time each day, with a similar pattern to that of the type- a wave identified by Ramp et al.(2004). The second type arrived about 12 h after the first type and was delayed about 1 hour each day; this wave type was related to the type- b wave. Thus, our observations confirmed that both type- a and type- b waves can reach the area southwest of the DI. Moreover, the waves observed by the mooring propagated toward the directions of 270°–315° clockwise from true north, indicating obvious refraction from uneven topography around DI.

Submarine landslides, relationship with BSRs in the Dongsha area of South China Sea

Gas hydrate samples were first obtained in the Dongsha area,South China Sea(GMGS2)in 2013.High-resolution 3D seismic data in the area show various small 1andslide bodies developedas huge mass transport deposits.These bodies are divided into seven types on the basis of theirshapes,intermal structures and geneses(slide,collapse and deformation above BSRs,as well asthe slump wedge,lens,block and sheet below BSRs).Based on this classification,detailed studieswere conducted,including measurements of the slump body sizes and slope gradients of landslides,depiction of their three-dimensional characteristics,and research on the landslide distribution.Todetermine the genetic differences of these seven types,this study analyses the possibility of verticalflow-pattern-transformation and mechanisms of submarine landsltide formation.Results show that thedominant factor influencing the submarine landslides in the Dongsha area is the free gas emitted fromgas hydrate decomposition,with possible fransformation between flow patterns.Finally,there are twokinds of relationships between submarine landslides and BSRs since the free gas either influences thesubmarine landslide bodies below or above BSRs,resulting in two types of submarine landslide bodyassociations:Type A is characterized by submarine slide above BSRs and slump lens below BSRs,whereas Type B shows deformation above BSRs and slump blocks below BSRs.Type Ais favourablefor gas exploration because it indicates less decomposition and better sealing of gas hydrate layers.

晚清中日东沙岛交涉案件中民间证据的作用

20世纪初的中日东沙岛主权交涉案以晚清政府的胜利而告终,清政府一方面采用援引中外历史材料力证东沙岛为中国版图之事实由来已久,另一方面积极采用渔民口供及书证等证据证明东沙岛系中国渔民最早发现、命名、经营、开发。清政府的对外交涉中,在张人骏等人主导下结合渔民证据紧紧围绕“最初发现”等系列国际法核心问题展开论证,成功维护了岛屿主权也令日商承担索赔岛上损失并补缴税款,向西方列强宣告我国海洋领土主权神圣不可侵犯。作为近代史上成功的边疆主权维护案例,在官方缺乏占领等具体材料时,中日东沙岛交涉案件中首次运用民间证据维护主权的做法亦为当下的相关问题提供了一定的思路。

Dongsha erosive channel on northern South China Sea Shelf and its induced Kuroshio South China Sea Branch

Based on a data base of multi-channel seismic profiles covered over Dongsha plateau of the northern South China Sea margin, we found that the sea bed morphology of northern South China Sea margin had been changed dramatically after Dongsha uplifting, that sedimentary layer since Miocene age had been eroded with maximum eroded thickness more than 1000 m, and that an erosive channel had been formed of 20 km in width and 200 km in length and several hundreds meters in depth on the outer shelf of northern South China Sea. The erosive channel is parallel to the 600 m isobath line, stretching from northeast to the southwest north of Dongsha uplift. The Kuroshio intrudes the South China Sea through Luzon Strait both in winter time and summer time, and in the northern South China Sea margin area, the intruded Kuroshio Branch takes the form of Pacific-Indian Ocean Through Flow (PITH) in winter time, while the Luzon Strait Subsurface Inflow (LSSIF) in summer time, the routes of both PITH and LSSIF coincide well with the distribution of the erosive channel. After climbing from the northern slope up to the northern shelf, and after joined by the southward flow from the middle northern shelf of South China Sea, the Kuroshio Branch is strengthened and thus is able to erode the sea floor, and the shape of the erosive channel is a result of the long-term interaction between the Kuroshio South China Sea Branch and the Dongsha outer shelf sea floor.

Morphology, sedimentary characteristics, and origin of the Dongsha submarine canyon in the northeastern continental slope of the South China Sea

The Dongsha submarine canyon is a large canyon belonging to a group of canyons on the northeastern South China Sea margin. Investigation of the Dongsha canyon is important for understanding the origin of this canyon group as well as the transport mechanism of sediments on the margin, and the evolution of the Taixinan foreland basin and the associated Taiwan orogenic belt. In this study, the morphology, sedimentary characteristics, and origin of the Dongsha canyon were investigated by integrating high-resolution multi-channel seismic reflection profiles and high-precision multibeam bathymetric data. This is a slope-confined canyon that originates in the upper slope east of the Dongsha Islands, extends downslope in the SEE direction, and finally merges with the South Taiwan Shoal canyon at a water depth of 3000 m. The total length and average width of the canyon are around 190 and 10 km, respectively. Eleven seismic sequence boundaries within the canyon fills were identified and interpreted as incision surfaces of the canyon. In the canyon fills, four types of seismic facies were defined: parallel onlap fill, chaotic fill, mounded divergent facies, and migrated wavy facies. The parallel onlap fill facies is interpreted as alternating coarser turbidites or other gravity-flow deposits and fine hemipelagic sediments filling the canyon valley. The chaotic fill facies is presumed to be debrites and/or basal lag deposits filling the thalwegs. The mounded divergent and migrated wavy seismic facies can be explained as canyon levees consisting mainly of overspilled fine turbidites and sediment waves on the levees or on the canyon-mouth submarine fans. Age correlation between the sequence boundaries and the ODP Site 1144 data suggests that the Dongsha canyon was initiated at approximately 0.9 Ma in the middle Pleistocene. Mapping of the canyon indicates that the canyon originated at the upstream portion of the middle reach of the modern canyon, and has been continuously expanding both upstream and downstream by retrogressive erosion, incision, and deposition of turbidity currents and other gravity transport processes. The ages of the sequence boundaries representing major canyon incision events are in good agreement with those of global sea-level lowstands, indicating that sea-level changes may have played an important role in the canyon's development. The Dongsha canyon developed in a region with an active tectonic background characterized by the Taiwan uplifting and the development of the Taixinan foreland basin. However, no evidence suggests that the canyon formation is directly associated with local or regional faulting and magmatic activities. Turbidity currents and other gravity transport processes(including submarine slides and slumps) may have had an important influence on the formation and evolution of the canyon.

8000a BP以来东沙西南海域深水珊瑚的发育演化特征及其控制因素

深水珊瑚骨骼记录了珊瑚生长环境的精细变化,但目前对南海深水珊瑚生长的影响因素、演化阶段及其对海洋环境变化的响应仍缺乏了解。本文通过对东沙西南海域深水珊瑚骨骼的化学元素、U-Th年龄进行测定和研究,揭示8000a BP以来东沙西南海域深水珊瑚的发育演化特征及其控制因素。深水珊瑚常微量元素组合及因子分析表明,底流活动、初级生产力、陆源物质影响了东沙西南海域深水珊瑚的生长和演化。根据U-Th年龄将深水珊瑚演化划分为4个阶段,分别为Ⅰ(8000~4500a BP)、Ⅱ(4500~2500a BP)、Ⅲ(2500~1200a BP)、Ⅳ(1200a BP至今)。海底流速、有机颗粒物、海水温度与热含量、生源元素供给的剧烈动荡变化导致了4500~2500a BP珊瑚发育间断,较强底流活动、较强冬季风和有机颗粒物供给的消长变化影响了东沙西南海域深水珊瑚的演化阶段及其特征。本文研究为深入探究大洋边缘深水珊瑚影响因素、发育演化特征及其对海洋过程的响应提供了新视角。

春季南海东沙岛硝酸盐干沉降通量、形成机制及其来源

硝酸盐是大气中主要的酸性离子,也是大气活性氮沉降主要的组成部分。中国目前对大气硝酸盐形成机制及其来源的研究主要集中在陆地区域,对海洋气溶胶的硝酸盐的形成机制及其来源的研究较少。本研究于2013年春季(3—5月),在中国南海东沙岛共计采集了86个总悬浮颗粒(TSP)气溶胶样本,分析了TSP样品中NO_(3)^(-)浓度、δ^(15)N-NO_(3)^(-)和δ^(18)O-NO_(3)^(-)值。结果表明:东沙岛春季TSP中NO_(3)^(-)浓度呈现逐月下降的趋势。基于NO_(3)^(-)浓度估算东沙岛春季NO_(3)^(-)-N干沉降通量范围为(1.0±0.5)—(3.4±1.7)mg·d^(-1)·m^(-2)(以N计,余同)。δ^(18)O-NO_(3)^(-)值在3月和4月(76.1‰±3.8‰和79.1‰±5.6‰)明显高于5月(67.0‰±7.5‰),表明东沙岛3月和4月硝酸盐的形成路径不同于5月。贝叶斯同位素混合模型计算结果显示:N_(2)O_(5)参与的路径(N_(2)O_(5)+H_(2)O/Cl-和NO_(3)^(+)VOCs)在3月和4月生成了37.2%和43.3%的硝酸盐,5月NO_(2)+·OH路径是硝酸盐的主要形成路径,形成了80.2%的硝酸盐。δ^(15)N-NO_(3)^(-)值和气团后向轨迹表明,东沙岛春季不同月份TSP中NO_(3)^(-)的来源不同,3月和4月以陆地源为主,5月主要受海洋源影响。

东沙隆起区灰岩强振幅影响下储层识别与流体检测研究及应用

H1S地区位于珠江口盆地珠一坳陷东沙隆起边缘,发育两套呈条带状展布的岩性砂体K08和K22,由于邻近生烃洼陷,成藏条件极佳。该砂体超覆于东沙隆起台地碳酸盐地层之上,且横向变化大,因受到灰岩强反射界面的干扰,该区域储层识别和流体预测一直未得到较好解决。这里首先利用匹配追踪算法理论,对强反射进行压制,恢复原有储层应有的反射特征,通过对工区内典型探井进行分析,建立高精度的岩石物理模型,优选弹性阻抗和固液解耦等效流体体积模量为敏感参数,为储层描述和流体识别工作提供有力支撑。利用贝叶斯弹性阻抗反演方法获取部分角度叠加的弹性阻抗数据体,对固液解耦等效流体体积模量进行直接提取,获取含气性分布。实际反演结果与实测测井解释结果吻合率达到83.4%,证明了反演精度较高,明确了H1S地区的含油气的潜在目的层系的展布范围和储层情况。

蔡康与南海海疆治理——以东沙岛治理为例

蔡康是我国近代海疆治理史上的先驱人物。20世纪初,东沙岛事件发生,南海危机加重。清政府收回东沙岛之后,候补广州知府蔡康提出了一些可贵的开发思路并制定了一系列具体措施,主持了东沙诸多开发建设活动,涉及招商承办、官府承办等方面。这标志着“以开发固主权”的新海疆治理方式的萌芽,为后世的海疆治理提供了经验。

南海北部东沙岛以西陆坡区2021年秋季内波特征统计与分析

本文利用2021年9-10月布放在南海北部东沙岛以西陆坡区的3套潜标观测数据分析了流花油田区内潮和内孤立波分布特征。调和分析显示,该海域正压潮流较弱,明显小于表底层斜压潮流。通过与全球潮汐模型对比发现,TPXO7.2对于半日分潮的模拟结果要明显优于全日分潮,模型结果低估了O1分潮,而高估了K1分潮的正压潮流振幅。调查海域斜压潮流表现为表底强化的第一斜压模态,O1分潮的斜压潮流椭圆振幅要大于K1分潮。观测期间,共有4次内孤立波群集中出现,且发生时间滞后于吕宋海峡天文大潮期3~4d。LH2站共记录了88个内波过程,其中内孤立波31个,内波波列57个,内波平均振幅31m。该站非线性内波过程集中出现于每日的4-6时、11-13时和18-20时,同时超过45%的单孤立子内波过程发生在4—6时。通过追踪9月8-12日共计5个内孤立波依次经过LH1、LH2和LH3站的传播过程,可以计算内波在LH1至LH2站位间的传播速度为1.23m·s^(-1),在LH2至LH3站位间的传播速度为1.77m·s^(-1),同时根据线性波动方程及Kdv方程计算其理论传播速度为1.55m·s^(-1)。本文的统计分析结果进一步加强了对典型秋季环境下南海北部流花油田区内波特征的理解和认识。

东沙岛事件前后中国南海疆域观念的嬗变与主权维护

晚清时期,因日本商人西泽吉次擅自闯入东沙岛,最终引发东沙岛事件。面对日方质疑中国无东沙岛主权的确据而拒不归还东沙岛,晚清政府经过悉心搜证,加上广大社会民众的奔走支持,最终迫使日方承认东沙岛主权属华。收回东沙岛后,晚清政府尝试以强化行政管辖与经营开发的方式巩固主权,国民南海主权教育亦初现雏形。东沙岛事件引发东沙岛的地理位置、岛屿价值、历史管辖、维权方法等问题逐步明晰,促进了国人南海疆域主权观念的觉醒,为日后南海维权提供了一定的范式。