The amplification effect of PGA and the large-scale liquefaction-triggered mudflow during the December 18,2023 M 6.2 Jishishan Earthquake in Gansu Province,China

At 23:59 on December 18, 2023, a strong earthquake (M 6.2) struck Jishishan County in Gansu province, China, which is situated in the transition zone between Qinghai-Xizang Plateau and the Loess Plateau.The focal depth is 10 km, and the epicenter (35.70°N and 102.79°E) is about 100 km southwest away from Lanzhou, the capital city of Gansu province. As of December 31, 2023, the earthquake has caused 151 people dead and 979 people wounded in Gansu and Qinghai.

Overcoming Language Barrier——Bilingual education in Dongxiang County,Gansu

Education has been underdeveloped in Dongxiang Autonomous County, Gansu Province, which is the only region in China where ethnicDongxiangs live in compact communities. In primary schools there, only about 20% of the pupils achieve a passing grade for the two basic subjects of Chinese and mathematics, less than one-third of the average local rate. However, this has changed markedly thanks to a bilingual education experiment.

Distribution of Dongxiang Folk Story Resources in Dongxiang Autonomous County,Gansu Province

Based on the field survey in Dongxiang Autonomous County of Gansu Province in 2017 and 2018,we found and obtained rich effective Dongxiang folk story resources.These first-hand story resources remain in relatively remote areas of the county,with elderly women in the Dongxiang Language Reservation Area in the central and east of the county as the main oral inheritance group.The distribution characteristics of folk stories:few people preserve most stories,while most people could not narrate complete stories,and few traditional story resources are widespread.At present,due to various reasons,the oral environment and inheritance status of folk stories in Dongxiang County is not optimistic,the survey is difficult,and the story resources are scattered,and there is a tendency to gradually disappear.Therefore,it is necessary to actively protect the existing Dongxiang folk artists and folk story resources,and to conduct digital sorting of these resources in time.

A Study on the Chess Culture of Ethnic Minority Groups in Gansu Province

As a region inhabited by large populations of ethnic minority groups, Gansu province boasts rich ethnic cultural resources which reflect traditional culture and intangible cultural heritage that had taken shape thousands of years ago. Among these are various ethnic folk chess games. They are time-honored with many types such as the “Fang” chess of the Hui ethnic group, the “Jiu” chess of the Tibetans, the “King and Ministers” chess, the Mongolian chess, the Mongolian military chess, etc. These games embody distinctive ethnic and regional characteristics, as well as the cultural elements of a particular ethnic minority group. It is of great significance, therefore, to study the ethnic chess by collecting, documenting and comparing different types of related chess. The paper explores ways to standardize, protect and promote them scientifically in joint efforts, and draws a conclusion that examining their significance in the present era and the ethnic characteristics is the key to understanding the profound culture behind the chess.

Physiological Analysis on Mechanisms of Cold-tolerance of Dongxiang Wild Rice(Ⅰ)

[Objective] The research aimed to study the effects of soluble substance concentration in cell and the scavenging activity of active oxygen radicals on the cold-tolerance physiology of Dongxiang wild rice.[Method] Dongxiang wild rice was used as materials to detect and compare the content of soluble sugar,free proline and soluble protein,POD activity,CAT activity,MDA content in the leaves in different growth periods.Using with control of two species of common cultivated rice Xieqingzao and Nongda 288.[Resul...

Satisfactory Gansu with Charming Nature and Culture

From August 17 to 23,2023,the Yellow River Tourism Overseas Promotion Season 2023 launched the"Gansu Overseas Promotion Week"to present the Gansu Cultural Tourism Promotional Video,Gansu Intangible Cultural Heritage Short Video and the"Symphony Silk Road and Satisfactory Gansu"-Gansu in Chinese Folk Music series of short videos to the global public.

Studies on the Microbial Community in the Rhizosphere Soil of Dongxiang Wild Rice

[Objective] The aim was to study the characteristics of microbial community in the rhizosphere soil of Dongxiang wild rice（Oryza rufipogon Griff.）.[Method] The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen was estimated by the chloroform fumigation extraction method;the microbial community composition and Nitrogen cycling microbial functional groups were investigated by the Dilution plate culture method and the most probable number methods respectively.[Result] The microbial biomass carbon and nitrogen,in rhizosphere soil of Dongxiang Wild Rice was 83.02±18.23 mg/kg soil and 16.98±2.54 mg/kg soil,which was lower than that of ordinary cultivated rice;The relationship between the number of culturable microbial groups was bacteriaactinomycetesfungi,and the Nitrogen cycling microbial physiological groups was as the following：ammonifying bacteriaaerobic azotobacteriadenitrobacteriaanaerobic azotobacterianitrobacterianitrosobacteria.[Conclusion] The microbial community in the rhizosphere soil of Dongxiang Wild Rice was different from that of the ordinary cultivated rice.

Evaluation of Water Resources Carrying Capacity in Gansu Section of Yellow River Basin Based on Fuzzy Comprehensive Evaluation Model

As a basic natural resource and strategic economic resource,the development and utilization of water resources is an important issue related to the national economy and people's livelihood.How to scientifically evaluate the water resources carrying capacity is the premise to improve the regional water resources carrying capacity and ensure the regional water security.The Gansu section of the Yellow River basin is an important water conservation and recharge area.Whether the water resources in this area can ensure the normal operation of the ecosystem and whether it can carry the sustainable development of social economy is the key to realize the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.In this study,from the three dimensions of water consumption per capita,water consumption of 10000 yuan GDP and ecological water use rate,by constructing the evaluation index system and index grading standard of water resources carrying capacity,the fuzzy comprehensive evaluation model was used to evaluate the water resources carrying capacity of Gansu section of the Yellow River Basin,in order to provide theoretical decision-making basis for the comprehensive development,utilization and planning management of water resources in Gansu section of the Yellow River basin and even the whole basin,and help the high-quality development of the Yellow River basin.

Comparison of Neutral Detergent Fiber,Acid Detergent Fiber and Acid Detergent Lignin Contents of Dongxiang Wild Rice and Cultivated Rice

[Objective] To study the chemic component of rice cell wall among different varieties and at different rice growth stages.[Method] The contents of neutral detergent fiber（NDF）,acid detergent fiber（ADF） and acid detergent lignin （ADL） of rice were analyzed by Van Soest Method.[Result] The contents of NDF,ADF and ADL varied from 55.63% to 71.70%,31.98% to 49.61% and 2.68% to 5.71% respectively,the highest content was gained in Dongxiang wide rice at dough stage,while the lowest content was obtained in rice heading stage of Xieqingzao B.In the same growth stage,the contents of NDF（except heading stage） and ADF were significantly（P0.05 or 0.01） difference among three varieties of rice,the highest content was Dongxiang wide rice,followed by Xiushui 110,and the lowest was Xieqingzao B.In the same variety rice,the content of NDF and ADF were significantly （P0.05 or 0.01） difference among three rice growth stages,the lowest contents was rice heading stage,followed by rice milk ripe stage,the highest was rice dough stage.[Conclusion] the NDF,ADF and other contents of indica rice were lower than that of ordinary wild rice and japonica rice,therefore,it owned a certain value in use of straw feed.If the indica rice could be harvest as earlier as possible,the rice straw together with silage fermentation and enzymatic hydrolysis could provide the effective diet for livestock.

Research Progress on Genetic Diversity and Its Ecological Conservation of Endangered Dongxiang Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon Griff.)

It is of great importance for the analysis on genetic evolution mechanism, and rice breeding utilization by estimation and protection of genetic diversity of pre- sent DXWR （Oryza rufipogon Griff.）. This study has summarized genetic diversity and protection achievements of DXWR from many aspects like varied conservations, years, generations, other species of wild rice and cultivated rice. In this study, a u- nified and scientific evaluation system of genetic diversity is encouraged to be built and suggestions on research prospect and ecological conservation of DXWR genetic diversity have been proposed.

Hand in Hand East and West to Build a Glorious Gansu——Talk on the cooperation between the East and West of China by Mr.Cui Zhenghua,vice governor of Gansu Province

To implement the CPC CentralCommittee’s strategy of slanting theeconomic construction to the Midand West of China and to further promote thedevelopment and cooperation of economyand trade between the East and West, theEast-West Business and Trade Talks wereheld by the China Council for the Promotionof International Trade (CCPIT). At theconference, Mr. Cui Zhenghua, vice governorof Gansu Province and concurrently chairmanof the Gansu Subcouncil of the CCPIT,delivered a speech on the economiccooperation and development between theEast and West of China.

Types and Characteristics of Ecotourism Resources in Gansu Province

With a vast territory,diversified climate and abundant ecotourism resources,Gansu Province has all categories in the 1st and 2nd class of YANG Gui-hua Three-class Classification Method,and 21 sub-categories of the 3rd class(total 26 sub-categories).According to the investigation and analysis,the ecotourism in Gansu Province has following characteristics:(1) Diversified ecotourism resources with various types;(2) Numerous ecotourism scenic spots with complete functions;(3) Unique,precious and rare ecotourism resources;(4) Not even distribution of ecotourism resources with an obvious trend of divergence;(5) Most of the ecotourism resources environment is fragile and has low carrying capacity,and the traffic conditions need to be improved urgently.

Identification and Genetic Analysis of Fertility Restoration Ability in Dongxiang Wild Rice (Oryza rufipogon)

Two populations of Dongxiang wild rice （Oryza rufipogon）, Shuitaoshu and Dongtangshang, were crossed with five male sterile rice lines with different cytoplasmic backgrounds （B06S, Zhenshan 97A, Xieqingzao A, Zhong 9A, and Yuetai A）, and the seed setting rate of the F1 was used to judge the fertility restoration ability in the Dongxiang wild rice. With P1, F1, P2, and F2 populations as materials, the Akaike＇s Information Criterion （AIC） was used to identify the major genes affecting quantitative traits, and when the major genes existed, the genetic effects of the major gene and the polygene and their genetic variance were estimated through segregation analysis. The seed setting rates of the F1 generation varied from 45.98% to 76.57%, suggesting that the Dongxiang wild rice had the fertility restoration ability. One major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model was the most fitted genetic model for this trait in all the F2 populations. The heritability values of the major genes varied from 56.63% to 88.29% and those of the polygenes from 2.74% to 30.97%, and the total heritability values were from 63.17% to 94.01%. The major gene inheritance of the combination Zhong 9A/Dongtangshang was controlled by the additive effect without dominant effect, and the other nine combinatfons were by the completely dominant inheritance.

Genetic Analysis on Characteristics to Measure Drought Resistance Using Dongxiang Wild Rice(Oryza rufupogon Griff.) and Its Derived Backcross Inbred Lines Population at Seedling Stage

Drought stress is one of the major constraints to rice （Oryza sativa L.） production and yield stability especially in rainfed ecosystems and is getting worse as the climate changes worldwide. Dongxiang wild rice （DXWR） Oryza rufipogon Griff., contains drought resistant gene. Improving drought resistance of cultivars is crucial to increase and stabilize rice grain yield via transferring resistant gene from species related to rice. In this paper, four upland rice, sixty backcross inbred lines （BILs） derived from BC1F5 of R974//DXWR/R974, and their parents were employed to evaluate drought-resistance at seedling stage in the greenhouse. Nine traits were recorded for assessment of drought resistance, including maximum root length （MRL）, number of roots （NR）, shoot length （SL）, dry root weight （DRW）, fresh root weight （FRW）, root relative water content （RRWC）, leaf relative water content （LRWC）, level for rolling leaf （LRL）, and seedling survivability under repeat drought （SSRD）. Using more than 88% of accumulative contribution resulted from the principal component analysis （PCA）, the nine traits were classified into five independent principal components and the line 1949 showed the highest resistance. Analysis on the stepwise regression equation and correlation demonstrated that MRL, RN, FRW, and RRWC significantly influenced the drought resistance, thus could be used as comprehensive index for drought resistance at the seedling stage. Using the major gene plus polygene mixed inheritance model of quantitative traits, the inheritance of drought-resistance of BIL population at seedling stage was mostly controlled by two independent genes plus polygene. As a result, the DXWR could be precious resources for genetic improvement of drought resistance in cultivated rice.

Development of Novel Cytoplasmic Male Sterile Source from Dongxiang Wild Rice(Oryza rufipogon)

This study was conducted to develop and characterize a novel cytoplasmic male sterile （CMS） source which was identified from Dongxiang wild rice （Oryza rufipogon） by crossing Dongxiang wild rice as female with Zhongzao 35, an indica inbred variety, as male and continuous backcrossing with Zhongzao 35. Observation under optical microscope manifested that this novel CMS belonged to typical abortion type with less pollen compared with wild abortive type cytoplasm （CMS-WA）. Sequential planting showed that this novel CMS has complete and stable male sterility. Testcross experiment showed that all the 24 tested materials including maintainer and restorer lines of CMS-WA and Honglian type cytoplasm （CMS-HL） and other indica inbred varieties are the maintainers with complete maintaining ability, suggesting that this novel CMS has fertility restoration totally different from CMS-WA and CMS-HL and belongs to a novel type of CMS. So far, we only discovered a unique fertility restoration source for this novel CMS. Inheritance analysis showed that the fertility restoration of this CMS was governed by three pairs of independent dominant genes. Prospect for application of this novel CMS system in hybrid rice breeding was also discussed.

Systematic Characterization of Long Non-Coding RNAs and Their Responses to Drought Stress in Dongxiang Wild Rice

Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) play important roles in response to various biotic and abiotic stresses. So far, systematic identification and characterization of lncRNAs have been reported in a few model plant species and major crops, but their roles in abiotic stress response have not yet been reported in common wild rice(Oryza rufipogon). Dongxiang wild rice(DXWR) possesses a high degree of drought resistance and has been well recognized as a precious genetic resource for drought resistant rice breeding. We presented the reference catalog of 1 655 novel lncRNA transcripts in DXWR using strand-specific RNA sequencing and bioinformatics approaches. Meanwhile, a total of 1092 lncRNAs were determined as differentially expressed lncRNAs under drought stress. Quantitative real-time PCR results exhibited a high concordance with RNA sequencing data, which confirmed that the expression patterns of lncRNAs based on RNA sequencing were highly reliable. Furthermore, 8 711 transcripts were predicted as target genes of the differentially expressed lncRNAs. Functional annotation analysis based on Gene Ontology and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes databases showed that the target genes were significantly enriched in cellular and metabolic processes, cell part, binding and plant hormone signal transduction, as well as many other terms related to abiotic stress resistance. These results expanded our understanding of lncRNA biology and provided candidate regulators for genetic improvement of drought resistance in rice cultivars.

Palynology of Yanchang Formation of Middle and Late Triassic in Eastern Gansu Province and Its Paleoclimatic Significance

Xifeng （西峰） oilfield was recently found in the southwest of the Ordos basin. The oil source rocks are the Chang 7 Section of Yanchang （延长） Formation. In order to study the paleoclimate that controlled the formation of source rocks, a systemically palynological research on related beds in Yanchang Formation has been carried out. The core samples were analyzed with classical palynological techniques and the organic-walled sporomorphs from these samples were observed, identified and photographed under a light microscopy and a fluorescence microscopy. Abundant sporopollen were found in drilling cores from Chang 8 and Chang 7 sections, and two assemblages were distinguished： the Aratisporites-Punctatisporites assemblage and the Asseretospora-Walchiites assemblage. Their characteristics are similar to those of the assemblage of Tongchuan （铜川 ） Formation and the assemblage of Yanchang Formation in southeast Ordos basin, respectively. Their geological times are Ladinian of late Middle Triassic and Carnian of early Late Triassic, respectively. The correlation of palynoflora with their parent plants suggests the paleoclimate of eastern Gansu （甘肃） Province in the Middle and Late Triassic was warm and rainy with prosperous vegetation. The palynoflora indicated the area was in a temperate to subtropical zone then. Both the ecological types and differentiation degree curves of sporopollen indicated the period during Chang 8 and Chang 7 sections was warm and wet, and the phase accorded with large-scale lake transgression in Chang 8 Section and the largest lake area in Chang 7 Section. North China in Middle and Late Triassic was located in a warm and rainy, temperate and subtropi- cal zone. The palynofloras in Chang 8 and Chang 7 sections have the characteristics of North China flora, however they also indicate wetter and warmer climate due to their proximity to the large lakes. The period of Chang 8 to Chang 7 sections is the climax of the expansion of the lake, and the bloom of fresh algae during the period, which helped form the high-quality source rocks in Chang 7 Section.

Identification and Characterization of Drought Stress-Responsive Novel microRNAs in Dongxiang Wild Rice

MicroRNAs （miRNAs） are non-coding small RNAs, which play important regulatory roles in response to biotic and abiotic stresses. Dongxiang wild rice （Oryza rufipogon, DXWR） can survive in extreme drought environment, but its molecular mechanism of drought resistance is still largely unknown. To further explore miRNA regulatory mechanisms involved in drought resistance, we identified 138 novel miRNAs in DXWR using small RNA sequencing and bioinformatics approaches, and found that the expression levels of 67 novel miRNAs were significantly affected by drought stress. In total, 200 candidate target genes were predicted and annotated for the drought stress-responsive novel miRNAs. Gene Ontology （GO） analysis and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes （KEGG） pathways suggested that most of the target genes were related to metabolism. Stem-loop quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） results exhibited high concordance with sequencing data, which confirmed that miRNA expression patterns based on small RNA sequencing in the present study were reliable. Meanwhile, qRT-PCR validated the inverse expression patterns between several miRNAs and their target genes. These results will enhance our understanding of miRNA regulatory mechanisms in response to drought stress in DXWR, and can serve as an important reference for the protection and utilization of this valuable genetic resource.

Analysis of the Ore-Controlling Structure of Ductile Shear Zone Type Gold Deposit in Southern Beishan Area, Gansu, Northwest China

The ductile shear zone-type gold deposit is a kind that both the ore-forming mechanism and ore-controlling factors are closely related to the ductile shear zone and its evolution. Ductile shear zone develops in Beishan area, Gansu of Northwest China, and develops especially well in the south belt. The controls of the ductile shear zone on gold deposits are as follows. （1） The regional distribution of gold deposits （and gold spots） is controlled by the ductile shear zone. （2） The ductile-brittle shear zone is formed in the evolution process of ductile shear zone and both are only ore-bearing structures and control the shape, attitude, scale, and distribution of mineralization zones and ore-bodies. （3） Compresso-shear ductile deformation results in that the main kind of gold mineralization is altered mylonite type and the main alteralization is metasomatic. （4） Ore-bearing fracture systems are mainly P-type ones, some D-type and R-type ones, but only individual R＇-type and T-type ones. （5） Dynamic differen- tiation and dynamic metamorphic hydrothermal solution resulting from ductile deformation is one of the sources of ore-forming fluid of gold mineralization, and this is identical with that ore-forming materials are mainly from metamorphic rocks, and ore-forming fluid is mainly composed of metamorphic water, and with the fluid inclusion and geo-chemical characteristics of the deposit. （6） There is a negative correlation between the gold abundance and susceptibility anlsotropy （P） of the altered mylonlte samples from the deposit, which shows that the gold mineralization is slightly later than the structural deformation. All above further expound the ore-forming model of the ductile shear zone type of gold deposits.

Six New Species of Sawflies from Gansu and Qinghai Provinces of China (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae)

Three new Tenthredinidae species are reported from Gansu and three from Qinghai Provinces of China. Tenthredo （Tenthredo） sinotemula sp. nov., Tenthredo （Tenthredella） labrangensis sp. nov. and Tenthredo （Tenthredella） sinosimplex sp. nov. are described from Gansu, Tenthredo （Tenthredella） rolleri sp. nov., Tenthredo （Tenthredella） qinghaiensis sp. nov. and Tenthredo （Tenthredella） yunningsiensis sp. nov. from Qinghai Province.