In this study, the kinematic and precipitation structures of a mesocyclone associated with a hook echo were analyzed using single Doppler radar data. The mesocyclone was embedded in a mesoscale convective rainband nea...In this study, the kinematic and precipitation structures of a mesocyclone associated with a hook echo were analyzed using single Doppler radar data. The mesocyclone was embedded in a mesoscale convective rainband near northern Taiwan coastline on 10 September 2004. The synoptic environment was characterized by a moderate convective available potential energy （CAPE） and a moderate ambient vertical shear from surface to 5 km. In addition, a pronounced low-level mesoscale shear/convergence zone, which resulted from the interaction of two tropical depressions, was also identified in the northwest coast of Taiwan, providing a favorable dynamic condition for the development of the mesocyclone. Analyzing single Doppler dipole signature shows that this mesocyclone formed initially at low levels, then deepened and strengthened rapidly into mature stage with the vertical depth exceeding 8 km. The diameter of the mesocyclone decreased with the height at the time of vortexgenesis, and then evolved into columnar structure accompanied with the broader diameter in middle layer. The mesocyclone lasted for about 2 h. The Ground-Based Velocity Track Display （GBVTD） method was applied to retrieve the ax- isymmetric circulation of the mesocyclone. The GBVTD-derived primary circulation showed the radius of maximum wind （RMW） of the mesocyclone was about 5-6 km and varied from inward tilting to outward tilting with time. The axisymmetric radial wind field was initially characterized by a low-level inflow inside the RMW and outflow outside the RMW, respectively. The strongest reflectivity was associated with a stronger updraft near the RMW, and a weak downdraft was located at the center of the mesocyclone. Subsequently the downdraft and reflectivity near the mesocyclone center strengthened obviously, accompanied with the low-level outflow, strong updraft as well as high reflectivity extending outside the RMW. The relative tangential wind initially exhibited a wavenumber 1 asymmetric structure with the maximum wind region at the left portion of the meso cyclone and shifted counterclockwise with height. The axisymmetric tangential wind strengthened and reached its maximum intensity with a value about 20 m s^-1 at z=1 km. After that the axisymmetric tangential wind decreased rapidly, meanwhile the wave-1 asymmetric structure redeveloped with the maximum wind at the left-front of motion. In summary, the evolution and structure of the mesocyclone is similar to that observed within a non-supercell mesocyclone. It is worth to mention that the axisymmetric circulation characteristics of the mesocyclone at its mature stage are very similar to those observed in a mature typhoon. However, there are significant differences, i.e., the size is much smaller, the lifetime is much shorter, and the downdraft in the center is produced by precipitation instead of compensating subsidence.展开更多
利用石河子c波段多普勒天气雷达资料,对2007年7月3日下午发生在石河子垦区南部山脉与平原交界区151团的冰雹等强对流风暴的多普勒雷达回波演变特征进行分析。结果表明:该强对流风暴具有超级单体风暴的典型特征,强风暴前进方向的右侧出...利用石河子c波段多普勒天气雷达资料,对2007年7月3日下午发生在石河子垦区南部山脉与平原交界区151团的冰雹等强对流风暴的多普勒雷达回波演变特征进行分析。结果表明:该强对流风暴具有超级单体风暴的典型特征,强风暴前进方向的右侧出现钩状回波,西北侧呈现出"V"型缺口;反射率因子垂直剖面呈现出弱回波区、回波悬垂和弱回波区左侧的回波墙,最大回波强度超过65 dB z,垂直累积液态水含量超过70 kg/m2;相应的径向速度图上出现中气旋。该超级单体的移动方向在盛行风向的右侧约30,°属于右移风暴。展开更多
基金Supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China under Grant Nos.40505004,40405012,and 40333025the National Grand Fundamental Research 973 Program of China(973:2004CB418301)+1 种基金the GYHY(QX) 200706033and the NMCTIGGE Program GYHY(QX) 2007-232 6-1.
文摘In this study, the kinematic and precipitation structures of a mesocyclone associated with a hook echo were analyzed using single Doppler radar data. The mesocyclone was embedded in a mesoscale convective rainband near northern Taiwan coastline on 10 September 2004. The synoptic environment was characterized by a moderate convective available potential energy （CAPE） and a moderate ambient vertical shear from surface to 5 km. In addition, a pronounced low-level mesoscale shear/convergence zone, which resulted from the interaction of two tropical depressions, was also identified in the northwest coast of Taiwan, providing a favorable dynamic condition for the development of the mesocyclone. Analyzing single Doppler dipole signature shows that this mesocyclone formed initially at low levels, then deepened and strengthened rapidly into mature stage with the vertical depth exceeding 8 km. The diameter of the mesocyclone decreased with the height at the time of vortexgenesis, and then evolved into columnar structure accompanied with the broader diameter in middle layer. The mesocyclone lasted for about 2 h. The Ground-Based Velocity Track Display （GBVTD） method was applied to retrieve the ax- isymmetric circulation of the mesocyclone. The GBVTD-derived primary circulation showed the radius of maximum wind （RMW） of the mesocyclone was about 5-6 km and varied from inward tilting to outward tilting with time. The axisymmetric radial wind field was initially characterized by a low-level inflow inside the RMW and outflow outside the RMW, respectively. The strongest reflectivity was associated with a stronger updraft near the RMW, and a weak downdraft was located at the center of the mesocyclone. Subsequently the downdraft and reflectivity near the mesocyclone center strengthened obviously, accompanied with the low-level outflow, strong updraft as well as high reflectivity extending outside the RMW. The relative tangential wind initially exhibited a wavenumber 1 asymmetric structure with the maximum wind region at the left portion of the meso cyclone and shifted counterclockwise with height. The axisymmetric tangential wind strengthened and reached its maximum intensity with a value about 20 m s^-1 at z=1 km. After that the axisymmetric tangential wind decreased rapidly, meanwhile the wave-1 asymmetric structure redeveloped with the maximum wind at the left-front of motion. In summary, the evolution and structure of the mesocyclone is similar to that observed within a non-supercell mesocyclone. It is worth to mention that the axisymmetric circulation characteristics of the mesocyclone at its mature stage are very similar to those observed in a mature typhoon. However, there are significant differences, i.e., the size is much smaller, the lifetime is much shorter, and the downdraft in the center is produced by precipitation instead of compensating subsidence.
文摘利用石河子c波段多普勒天气雷达资料,对2007年7月3日下午发生在石河子垦区南部山脉与平原交界区151团的冰雹等强对流风暴的多普勒雷达回波演变特征进行分析。结果表明:该强对流风暴具有超级单体风暴的典型特征,强风暴前进方向的右侧出现钩状回波,西北侧呈现出"V"型缺口;反射率因子垂直剖面呈现出弱回波区、回波悬垂和弱回波区左侧的回波墙,最大回波强度超过65 dB z,垂直累积液态水含量超过70 kg/m2;相应的径向速度图上出现中气旋。该超级单体的移动方向在盛行风向的右侧约30,°属于右移风暴。
