New host and geographic records of five pleosporalean hyphomycetes associated with Musa spp.(Banana)

A study was undertaken to collect and identify saprobic fungi associated with Musa spp.(banana)from Taiwan(China),and Thailand.Samples were collected during the dry season and their morpho-molecular relationships were investigated.Five brown pleosporalean hyphomycetous taxa in Periconiaceae and Torulaceae viz.Periconia cortaderiae,P.delonicis,Torula chromolaenae,T.fici,and T.masonii were identified for the first time from Musa spp.(Musaceae).Phylogenetic analyses of a combined SSU,LSU,ITS,RPB2 and TEF DNA sequence dataset further justified the taxonomic placements of these five taxa in the above mentioned families.Periconia delonicis is reported for the first time on a monocotyledonous host and T.masonii is the first geographical record from Taiwan(China).

First record of Capnodium berberidis from India

Capnodium berberidis,a sooty mould fungus,previously reported only from Pakistan in 1978,was recently observed on Berberis lycium in Jot Pass,district Chamba of Himachal Pradesh,India.Berberis lycium is a well-known small to medium sized spiny,woody,deciduous or evergreen medicinal and ornamental plant distributed throughout temperate and subtropical regions of the world.Disease symptoms appeared as thin,black to dark brown,easily removed superficial layer of hyphae on various parts of host plant including leaves,stem,twigs and fruits.The detailed studies on its morphology and taxonomy revealed it a sooty mould fungus Capnodium berberidis.As per literature consulted,this is the first report of Capnodium berberidis from India and probably second from world.

Kamalomyces polyseptatus sp.nov.from an unidentified bamboo twig in Andaman Islands,India

The examination of decaying twig samples fallen on the forest floor in the Andaman Islands,India yielded a new fungal species in the genus Kamalomyces(Tubeufiaceae).The new species,Kamalomyces polyseptatus is described in this paper supported by photomicrographs.The novel species is characterized by superficial,scattered,globose to sub-globose,dark brown to black ascomata covered by dense black mycelium,clavate asci,vermiform,elongate,transverse septate,hyaline ascospores.The new species K.polyseptatus is easily distinguishable from other species of the genus by the presence of higher number of septa in the ascospores.A synopsis of salient features of different species of Kamalomycesis provided along with a dichotomous key to the known species of Kamalomyces.

Ascomycetes from karst landscapes of Guizhou Province, China

This study documents the morphology and phylogeny of ascomycetes collected from karst landscapes of Guizhou Prov-ince,China.Based on morphological characteristics in conjunction with DNA sequence data,70 species are identified and distributed in two classes(Dothideomycetes and Sordariomycetes),16 orders,41 families and 60 genera.One order Plani-sphaeriales,four families Leptosphaerioidaceae,Neoleptosporellaceae,Planisphaeriaceae and Profundisphaeriaceae,ten genera Conicosphaeria,Karstiomyces,Leptosphaerioides,Neoceratosphaeria,Neodiaporthe,Neodictyospora,Planispha-eria,Profundisphaeria,Stellatus and Truncatascus,and 34 species(Amphisphaeria karsti,Anteaglonium hydei,Atracto-spora terrestris,Conicosphaeria vaginatispora,Corylicola hydei,Diaporthe cylindriformispora,Dictyosporium karsti,Hysterobrevium karsti,Karstiomyces guizhouensis,Leptosphaerioides guizhouensis,Lophiotrema karsti,Murispora hydei,Muyocopron karsti,Neoaquastroma guizhouense,Neoceratosphaeria karsti,Neodiaporthe reniformispora,Neodictyospora karsti,Neoheleiosa guizhouensis,Neoleptosporella fusiformispora,Neoophiobolus filiformisporum,Ophioceras guizhouen-sis,Ophiosphaerella karsti,Paraeutypella longiasca,Paraeutypella karsti,Patellaria guizhouensis,Planisphaeria karsti,Planisphaeria reniformispora,Poaceascoma herbaceum,Profundisphaeria fusiformispora,Pseudocoleophoma guizhouen-sis,Pseudopolyplosphaeria guizhouensis,Stellatus guizhouensis,Sulcatispora karsti and Truncatascus microsporus)are introduced as new to science.Moreover,13 new geographical records for China are also reported,which are Acrocalymma medicaginis,Annulohypoxylon thailandicum,Astrosphaeriella bambusae,Diaporthe novem,Hypoxylon rubiginosum,Ophio-sphaerella agrostidis,Ophiosphaerella chiangraiensis,Patellaria atrata,Polyplosphaeria fusca,Psiloglonium macrosporum,Sarimanas shirakamiense,Thyridaria broussonetiae and Tremateia chromolaenae.Additionally,the family Eriomycetaceae was resurrected as a non-lichenized family and accommodated within Monoblastiales.Detailed descriptions and illustrations of all these taxa are provided.

Fungal diversity notes 1611-1716: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on fungal genera and species emphasis in south China

This article is the 15th contribution in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,wherein 115 taxa from three phyla,nine classes,28 orders,48 families,and 64 genera are treated.Fungal taxa described and illustrated in the present study include a new family,five new genera,61 new species,five new combinations,one synonym,one new variety and 31 records on new hosts or new geographical distributions.Ageratinicolaceae fam.nov.is introduced and accommodated in Pleosporales.The new genera introduced in this study are Ageratinicola,Kevinia,Pseudomultiseptospora(Parabambusicolaceae),Marasmiellomycena,and Vizzinia(Porotheleaceae).Newly described species are Abrothallus altoandinus,Ageratinicola kunmingensis,Allocryptovalsa aceris,Allophoma yuccae,Apiospora cannae,A.elliptica,A.pallidesporae,Boeremia wisteriae,Calycina papaeana,Clypeo-coccum lichenostigmoides,Coniochaeta riskali-shoyakubovii,Cryphonectria kunmingensis,Diaporthe angustiapiculata,D.campylandrae,D.longipapillata,Diatrypella guangdongense,Dothiorella franceschinii,Endocalyx phoenicis,Epicoc-cum terminosporum,Fulvifomes karaiensis,F.pannaensis,Ganoderma ghatensis,Hysterobrevium baoshanense,Inocybe avellaneorosea,I.lucida,Jahnula oblonga,Kevinia lignicola,Kirschsteiniothelia guangdongensis,Laboulbenia caprina,L.clavulata,L.cobiae,L.cosmodisci,L.nilotica,L.omalii,L.robusta,L.similis,L.stigmatophora,Laccaria rubriporus,Lasiodiplodia morindae,Lyophyllum agnijum,Marasmiellomycena pseudoomphaliiformis,Melomastia beihaiensis,Nemania guangdongensis,Nigrograna thailandica,Nigrospora ficuum,Oxydothis chinensis,O.yunnanensis,Petriella thailandica,Phaeoacremonium chinensis,Phialocephala chinensis,Phytophthora debattistii,Polyplosphaeria nigrospora,Pronectria loweniae,Seriascoma acutispora,Setoseptoria bambusae,Stictis anomianthi,Tarzetta tibetensis,Tarzetta urceolata,Tetraploa obpyriformis,Trichoglossum beninense,and Tricoderma pyrrosiae.We provide an emendation for Urnula ailaoshanensis Agaricus duplocingulatoides var.brevisporus introduced as a new variety based on morphology and phylogeny.

Bambusicolous fungi

Fourty-three species of microfungi from bamboo are treated,including one new family,Occultibambusaceae,three new genera,Neoanthostomella,Occultibambusa and Seriascoma,27 new species,one renamed species and 15 redescribed or re-illustrated species,and four designated reference specimens are treated in this paper,the majority of which are saprobic on dead culms.To determine species identification,separate phylogenetical analyses for each group are carried out,based on molecular data from this study and sequences downloaded from GenBank.Morphologically similar species and phylogenetically close taxa are compared and discussed.In addition a list of bambusicolous fungi published since Hyde and colleagues in 2002 is provided.

Fungal diversity notes 367-490:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa

This is a continuity of a series of taxonomic papers where materials are examined,described and novel combinations are proposed where necessary to improve our traditional species concepts and provide updates on their classification.In addition to extensive morphological descriptions and appropriate asexual and sexual connections,DNA sequence data are also analysed from concatenated datasets(rDNA,TEF-a,RBP2 and b-Tubulin)to infer phylogenetic relationships and substantiate systematic position of taxa within appropriate ranks.Wherever new species or combinations are being proposed,we apply an integrative approach(morphological and molecular data as well as ecological features wherever applicable).Notes on 125 fungal taxa are compiled in this paper,including eight new genera,101 new species,two new combinations,one neotype,four reference specimens,new host or distribution records for eight species and one alternative morphs.The new genera introduced in this paper are Alloarthopyrenia,Arundellina,Camarosporioides,Neomassaria,Neomassarina,Neotruncatella,Paracapsulospora and Pseudophaeosphaeria.The new species are Alfaria spartii,Alloarthopyrenia italica,Anthostomella ravenna,An.thailandica,Arthrinium paraphaeospermum,Arundellina typhae,Aspergillus koreanus,Asterina cynometrae,Bertiella ellipsoidea,Blastophorum aquaticum,Cainia globosa,Camarosporioides phragmitis,Ceramothyrium menglunense,Chaetosphaeronema achilleae,Chlamydotubeufia helicospora,Ciliochorella phanericola,Clavulinopsis aurantiaca,Colletotrichum insertae,Comoclathris italica,Coronophora myricoides,Cortinarius fulvescentoideus,Co.nymphatus,Co.pseudobulliardioides,Co.tenuifulvescens,Cunninghamella gigacellularis,Cyathus pyristriatus,Cytospora cotini,Dematiopleospora alliariae,De.cirsii,Diaporthe aseana,Di.garethjonesii,Distoseptispora multiseptata,Dis.tectonae,Dis.tectonigena,Dothiora buxi,Emericellopsis persica,Gloniopsis calami,Helicoma guttulatum,Helvella floriforma,H.oblongispora,Hermatomyces subiculosa,Juncaceicola italica,Lactarius dirkii,Lentithecium unicellulare,Le.voraginesporum,Leptosphaeria cirsii,Leptosphaeria irregularis,Leptospora galii,Le.thailandica,Lindgomyces pseudomadisonensis,Lophiotrema bambusae,Lo.fallopiae,Meliola citri-maximae,Minimelanolocus submersus,Montagnula cirsii,Mortierella fluviae,Muriphaeosphaeria ambrosiae,Neodidymelliopsis ranunculi,Neomassaria fabacearum,Neomassarina thailandica,Neomicrosphaeropsis cytisi,Neo.cytisinus,Neo.minima,Neopestalotiopsis cocoe¨s,Neopestalotiopsis musae,Neoroussoella lenispora,Neotorula submersa,Neotruncatella endophytica,Nodulosphaeria italica,Occultibambusa aquatica,Oc.chiangraiensis,Ophiocordyceps hemisphaerica,Op.lacrimoidis,Paracapsulospora metroxyli,Pestalotiopsis sequoiae,Peziza fruticosa,Pleurotrema thailandica,Poaceicola arundinis,Polyporus mangshanensis,Pseudocoleophoma typhicola,Pseudodictyosporium thailandica,Pseudophaeosphaeria rubi,Purpureocillium sodanum,Ramariopsis atlantica,Rhodocybe griseoaurantia,Rh.indica,Rh.luteobrunnea,Russula indoalba,Ru.pseudoamoenicolor,Sporidesmium aquaticivaginatum,Sp.olivaceoconidium,Sp.pyriformatum,Stagonospora forlicesenensis,Stagonosporopsis centaureae,Terriera thailandica,Tremateia arundicola,Tr.guiyangensis,Trichomerium bambusae,Tubeufia hyalospora,Tu.roseohelicospora and Wojnowicia italica.New combinations are given for Hermatomyces mirum and Pallidocercospora thailandica.A neotype is proposed for Cortinarius fulvescens.Reference specimens are given for Aquaphila albicans,Leptospora rubella,Platychora ulmi and Meliola pseudosasae,while new host or distribution records are provided for Diaporthe eres,Di.siamensis,Di.foeniculina,Dothiorella iranica,Do.sarmentorum,Do.vidmadera,Helvella tinta and Vaginatispora fuckelii,with full taxonomic details.An asexual state is also reported for the first time in Neoacanthostigma septoconstrictum.This paper contributes to a more comprehensive update and improved identification of many ascomycetes and basiodiomycetes.

Microfungi on Tectona grandis(teak)in Northern Thailand

To date there is virtually no information available concerning the fungi associated with Tectona grandis(teak)(Lamiaceae)in Thailand.In this study,samples of microfungi were collected from both asymptomatic stems and dead wood,and symptomatic branches,stem and leaves of T.grandisfrom 27 sites in six provinces(Chiang Mai,Chiang Rai,Phayao,Phitsanulok,Phrae and Uttaradit Provinces).Morphology and combined multi-gene phylogeny(CAL,GAPDH,ITS,LSU,RPB2,SSU,TEF1 and TUB)were used to identify taxa.A total of 270 collections,representing 28 fungal species residing in 12 families,7 orders and 21 genera,with three species of uncertain taxonomic placement were identified.Of these,one family,three genera and 14 species are new to science.The new family,Pseudocoleodictyosporaceae is introduced based on its distinct lineage in the Dothideomycetes and its unique morphology as compared to Roussoellaceae and Torulaceae.The new genera are Neooccultibambusa,Pseudocoleodictyospora and Subglobosporium.The newly described species are Diaporthe neoraonikayaporum,D.tectonendophytica,D.tectonae,D.tectonigena,Hermatomyces tectonae,H.thailandica,Manoharachariella tectonae,Neooccultibambusa chiangraiensis,Pseudocoleodictyospora sukhothaiensis,Ps.tectonae,Ps.thailandica,Rhytidhysteron tectonae,Subglobosporium tectonae and Tubeufia tectonae.Fourteen species are known published taxa including Alternaria tillandsiae,Berkleasmium talaumae,Boerlagiomyces macrospora,Ceratocladium purpureogriseum,Fusarium solani,Helicoma siamense,Lasiodiplodia theobromae,Macrovalsaria megalospora,Paradictyoarthrinium diffractum,Phaeoacremonium italicum,Sphaeropsis eucalypticola,Stachybotrys levispora,St.renispora and Thaxteriellopsis lignicola.Epitypifications or reference specimens are designated for Boerlagiomyces macrospora and Macrovalsaria megalospora.Macrovalsaria megalospora is transferred from Botryosphaeriaceae to Dothideomycetes genus,incertae sedis based on taxonomy and phylogenetic analysis,which indicate it is distinct from Botryosphaeriaceae.All fungal species represent first reports on T.grandisin Thailand.New taxa and taxa incertae sedis,as well as known taxa which are established as reference specimens or epitypes,are presented with phylogenetic tree analyses,habitat,known distribution,material examined,full descriptions,notes and figures.Information is also provided for known taxa to add to the body of knowledge and to assist those wishing to study fungi occurring on T.grandis in future.

Tubeufiales,ord.nov.,integrating sexual and asexual generic names

Tubeufiaceae is based on the generic type Tubeufia,which is characterized by superficial,oval and bright ascomata,bitunicate asci,mostly long fusiform to filiform,transeptate ascospores and hyphomycetous asexual states with helicosporous conidia.Most species in this family are saprobic on terrestrial woody substrates and some are aquatic.Their distinct morphology as well as combined LSU,SSU and TEF1 sequence analysis show that Tubeufiaceae should be accommodated in a new order Tubeufiales,which is introduced in this paper.Phylogenetic analyses of combined LSU and ITS sequences were used to resolve genera and species within the family Tubeufiaceae.In this study,we examine and incorporate sexual and asexual states of genera in Tubeufiales to provide a modern treatment,based on single names.An epitype for Tubeufia javanica,the type species of Tubeufia,is designated and represents Tubeufia sensu stricto.The genera Acanthophiobolus,Acanthostigma,Boerlagiomyces,Chlamydotubeufia,Kamalomyces,Podonectria,Thaxteriella and Thaxteriellopsis are accepted,Acanthostigmina is reinstated,and the asexual genera Aquaphila,Helicoma,Helicomyces,Helicosporium and Tamhinispora are accepted in Tubeufiaceae.Three new genera Acanthohelicospora,Helicangiospora and Neoacanthostigma are introduced.The genus Bifrontia is added to the family based on morphological similarity.The incongruous morphological genera Acanthostigmella,Amphinectria,Chaetocrea,Chaetosphaerulina,Glaxoa,Malacaria,Melioliphila,Paranectriella,Puttemansia,Rebentischia and Uredinophila are excluded from Tubeufiaceae despite having characteristic ascomata with setae and multiseptate long spores.A key to genera accepted in Tubeufiaceae is provided.

Fungal diversity notes 709–839: taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungal taxa with an emphasis on fungi on Rosaceae

This paper is the seventh in the Fungal Diversity Notes series,where 131 taxa accommodated in 28 families are mainly described from Rosa(Rosaceae)and a few other hosts.Novel fungal taxa are described in the present study,including 17 new genera,93 new species,four combinations,a sexual record for a species and new host records for 16 species.Bhatiellae,Cycasicola,Dactylidina,Embarria,Hawksworthiana,Italica,Melanocucurbitaria,Melanodiplodia,Monoseptella,Uzbekistanica,Neoconiothyrium,Neopaucispora,Pararoussoella,Paraxylaria,Marjia,Sporormurispora and Xenomassariosphaeria are introduced as new ascomycete genera.We also introduce the new species Absidia jindoensis,Alternaria doliconidium,A.hampshirensis,Angustimassarina rosarum,Astragalicola vasilyevae,Backusella locustae,Bartalinia rosicola,Bhatiellae rosae,Broomella rosae,Castanediella camelliae,Coelodictyosporium rosarum,Comoclathris rosae,C.rosarum,Comoclathris rosigena,Coniochaeta baysunika,C.rosae,Cycasicola goaensis,Dactylidina shoemakeri,Dematiopleospora donetzica,D.rosicola,D.salsolae,Diaporthe rosae,D.rosicola,Endoconidioma rosaehissaricae,Epicoccum rosae,Hawksworthiana clematidicola,H.lonicerae,Italica achilleae,Keissleriella phragmiticola,K.rosacearum,K.rosae,K.rosarum,Lophiostoma rosae,Marjia tianschanica,M.uzbekistanica,Melanocucurbitaria uzbekistanica,Melanodiplodia tianschanica,Monoseptella rosae,Mucor fluvius,Muriformistrickeria rosae,Murilentithecium rosae,Neoascochyta rosicola,Neoconiothyrium rosae,Neopaucispora rosaecae,Neosetophoma rosarum,N.rosae,N.rosigena,Neostagonospora artemisiae,Ophiobolus artemisiicola,Paraconiothyrium rosae,Paraphaeosphaeria rosae,P.rosicola,Pararoussoella rosarum,Parathyridaria rosae,Paraxylaria rosacearum,Penicillium acidum,P.aquaticum,Phragmocamarosporium rosae,Pleospora rosae,P.rosae-caninae,Poaceicola agrostina,P.arundinicola,P.rosae,Populocrescentia ammophilae,P.rosae,Pseudocamarosporium pteleae,P.ulmi-minoris,Pseudocercospora rosae,Pseudopithomyces rosae,Pseudostrickeria rosae,Sclerostagonospora lathyri,S.rosae,S.rosicola,Seimatosporium rosigenum,S.rosicola,Seiridium rosarum,Setoseptoria arundelensis,S.englandensis,S.lulworthcovensis,Sigarispora agrostidis,S.caryophyllacearum,S.junci,S.medicaginicola,S.rosicola,S.scrophulariae,S.thymi,Sporormurispora atraphaxidis,S.pruni,Suttonomyces rosae,Umbelopsis sinsidoensis,Uzbekistanica rosaehissaricae,U.yakutkhanika,Wojnowicia rosicola,Xenomassariosphaeria rosae.New host records are provided for Amandinea punctata,Angustimassarina quercicola,Diaporthe rhusicola,D.eres,D.foeniculina,D.rudis,Diplodia seriata,Dothiorella iberica,Lasiodiplodia theobromae,Lecidella elaeochroma,Muriformistrickeria rubi,Neofusicoccum australe,Paraphaeosphaeria michotii,Pleurophoma pleurospora,Sigarispora caulium and Teichospora rubriostiolata.The new combinations are Dactylidina dactylidis(=Allophaeosphaeria dactylidis),Embarria clematidis(=Allophaeosphaeria clematidis),Hawksworthiana alliariae(=Dematiopleospora alliariae)and Italica luzulae(=Dematiopleospora luzulae).This study also provides some insights into the diversity of fungi on Rosa species and especially those on Rosa spines that resulted in the characterisation of eight new genera,45 new species,and nine new host records.We also collected taxa from Rosa stems and there was 31%(20/65)overlap with taxa found on stems with that on spines.Because of the limited and non-targeted sampling for comparison with collections from spines and stems of the same host and location,it is not possible to say that the fungi on spines of Rosa differ from those on stems.The study however,does illustrate how spines are interesting substrates with high fungal biodiversity.This may be because of their hard structure resulting in slow decay and hence are suitable substrates leading to fungal colonisation.All data presented herein are based on morphological examination of specimens,coupled with phylogenetic sequence data to better integrate taxa into appropriate taxonomic ranks and infer their evolutionary relationships.

Fungal diversity notes 1151-1276:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungal taxa

Fungal diversity notes is one of the important journal series of fungal taxonomy that provide detailed descriptions and illustrations of new fungal taxa,as well as providing new information of fungal taxa worldwide.This article is the 11th contribution to the fungal diversity notes series,in which 126 taxa distributed in two phyla,six classes,24 orders and 55 families are described and illustrated.Taxa in this study were mainly collected from Italy by Erio Camporesi and also collected from China,India and Thailand,as well as in some other European,North American and South American countries.Taxa described in the present study include two new families,12 new genera,82 new species,five new combinations and 25 new records on new hosts and new geographical distributions as well as sexual-asexual reports.The two new families are Eriomycetaceae(Dothideomycetes,family incertae sedis)and Fasciatisporaceae(Xylariales,Sordariomycetes).The twelve new genera comprise Bhagirathimyces(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Camporesiomyces(Tubeufiaceae),Eriocamporesia(Cryphonectriaceae),Eriomyces(Eriomycetaceae),Neomonodictys(Pleurotheciaceae),Paraloratospora(Phaeosphaeriaceae),Paramonodictys(Parabambusicolaceae),Pseudoconlarium(Diaporthomycetidae,genus incertae sedis),Pseudomurilentithecium(Lentitheciaceae),Setoapiospora(Muyocopronaceae),Srinivasanomyces(Vibrisseaceae)and Xenoanthostomella(Xylariales,genera incertae sedis).The 82 new species comprise Acremonium chiangraiense,Adustochaete nivea,Angustimassarina camporesii,Bhagirathimyces himalayensis,Brunneoclavispora camporesii,Camarosporidiella camporesii,Camporesiomyces mali,Camposporium appendiculatum,Camposporium multiseptatum,Camposporium septatum,Canalisporium aquaticium,Clonostachys eriocamporesiana,Clonostachys eriocamporesii,Colletotrichum hederiicola,Coniochaeta vineae,Conioscypha verrucosa,Cortinarius ainsworthii,Cortinarius aurae,Cortinarius britannicus,Cortinarius heatherae,Cortinarius scoticus,Cortinarius subsaniosus,Cytospora fusispora,Cytospora rosigena,Diaporthe camporesii,Diaporthe nigra,Diatrypella yunnanensis,Dictyosporium muriformis,Didymella camporesii,Diutina bernali,Diutina sipiczkii,Eriocamporesia aurantia,Eriomyces heveae,Ernakulamia tanakae,Falciformispora uttaraditensis,Fasciatispora cocoes,Foliophoma camporesii,Fuscostagonospora camporesii,Helvella subtinta,Kalmusia erioi,Keissleriella camporesiana,Keissleriella camporesii,Lanspora cylindrospora,Loratospora arezzoensis,Mariannaea atlantica,Melanographium phoenicis,Montagnula camporesii,Neodidymelliopsis camporesii,Neokalmusia kunmingensis,Neoleptosporella camporesiana,Neomonodictys muriformis,Neomyrmecridium guizhouense,Neosetophoma camporesii,Paraloratospora camporesii,Paramonodictys solitarius,Periconia palmicola,Plenodomus triseptatus,Pseudocamarosporium camporesii,Pseudocercospora maetaengensis,Pseudochaetosphaeronema kunmingense,Pseudoconlarium punctiforme,Pseudodactylaria camporesiana,Pseudomurilentithecium camporesii,Pseudotetraploa rajmachiensis,Pseudotruncatella camporesii,Rhexocercosporidium senecionis,Rhytidhysteron camporesii,Rhytidhysteron erioi,Septoriella camporesii,Setoapiospora thailandica,Srinivasanomyces kangrensis,Tetraploa dwibahubeeja,Tetraploa pseudoaristata,Tetraploa thrayabahubeeja,Torula camporesii,Tremateia camporesii,Tremateia lamiacearum,Uzbekistanica pruni,Verruconis mangrovei,Wilcoxina verruculosa,Xenoanthostomella chromolaenae and Xenodidymella camporesii.The five new combinations are Camporesiomyces patagoniensis,Camporesiomyces vaccinia,Camposporium lycopodiellae,Paraloratospora gahniae and Rhexocercosporidium microsporum.The 22 new records on host and geographical distribution comprise Arthrinium marii,Ascochyta medicaginicola,Ascochyta pisi,Astrocystis bambusicola,Camposporium pellucidum,Dendryphiella phitsanulokensis,Diaporthe foeniculina,Didymella macrostoma,Diplodia mutila,Diplodia seriata,Heterosphaeria patella,Hysterobrevium constrictum,Neodidymelliopsis ranunculi,Neovaginatispora fuckelii,Nothophoma quercina,Occultibambusa bambusae,Phaeosphaeria chinensis,Pseudopestalotiopsis theae,Pyxine berteriana,Tetraploa sasicola,Torula gaodangensis and Wojnowiciella dactylidis.In addition,the sexual morphs of Dissoconium eucalypti and Phaeosphaeriopsis pseudoagavacearum are reported from Laurus nobilis and Yucca gloriosa in Italy,respectively.The holomorph of Diaporthe cynaroidis is also reported for the first time.

Fungal diversity notes 929-1035:taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions on genera and species of fungi

This article is the ninth in the series of Fungal Diversity Notes,where 107 taxa distributed in three phyla,nine classes,31 orders and 57 families are described and illustrated.Taxa described in the present study include 12 new genera,74 new species,three new combinations,two reference specimens,a re-circumscription of the epitype,and 15 records of sexualasexual morph connections,new hosts and new geographical distributions.Twelve new genera comprise Brunneofusispora,Brunneomurispora,Liua,Lonicericola,Neoeutypella,Paratrimmatostroma,Parazalerion,Proliferophorum,Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis,Septomelanconiella,Velebitea and Vicosamyces.Seventy-four new species are Agaricus memnonius,A.langensis,Aleurodiscus patagonicus,Amanita flavoalba,A.subtropicana,Amphisphaeria mangrovei,Baorangia major,Bartalinia kunmingensis,Brunneofusispora sinensis,Brunneomurispora lonicerae,Capronia camelliaeyunnanensis,Clavulina thindii,Coniochaeta simbalensis,Conlarium thailandense,Coprinus trigonosporus,Liua muriformis,Cyphellophora filicis,Cytospora ulmicola,Dacrymyces invisibilis,Dictyocheirospora metroxylonis,Distoseptispora thysanolaenae,Emericellopsis koreana,Galiicola baoshanensis,Hygrocybe lucida,Hypoxylon teeravasati,Hyweljonesia indica,Keissleriella caraganae,Lactarius olivaceopallidus,Lactifluus midnapurensis,Lembosia brigadeirensis,Leptosphaeria urticae,Lonicericola hyaloseptispora,Lophiotrema mucilaginosis,Marasmiellus bicoloripes,Marasmius indojasminodorus,Micropeltis phetchaburiensis,Mucor orantomantidis,Murilentithecium lonicerae,Neobambusicola brunnea,Neoeutypella baoshanensis,Neoroussoella heveae,Neosetophoma lonicerae,Ophiobolus malleolus,Parabambusicola thysanolaenae,Paratrimmatostroma kunmingensis,Parazalerion indica,Penicillium dokdoense,Peroneutypa mangrovei,Phaeosphaeria cycadis,Phanerochaete australosanguinea,Plectosphaerella kunmingensis,Plenodomus artemisiae,P.lijiangensis,Proliferophorum thailandicum,Pseudoastrosphaeriellopsis kaveriana,Pseudohelicomyces menglunicus,Pseudoplagiostoma mangiferae,Robillarda mangiferae,Roussoella elaeicola,Russula choptae,R.uttarakhandia,Septomelanconiella thailandica,Spencermartinsia acericola,Sphaerellopsis isthmospora,Thozetella lithocarpi,Trechispora echinospora,Tremellochaete atlantica,Trichoderma koreanum,T.pinicola,T.rugulosum,Velebitea chrysotexta,Vicosamyces venturisporus,Wojnowiciella kunmingensis and Zopfiella indica.Three new combinations are Baorangia rufomaculata,Lanmaoa pallidorosea and Wojnowiciella rosicola.The reference specimens of Canalisporium kenyense and Tamsiniella labiosa are designated.The epitype of Sarcopeziza sicula is re-circumscribed based on cyto-and histochemical analyses.The sexual-asexual morph connection of Plenodomus sinensis is reported from ferns and Cirsium for the first time.In addition,the new host records and country records are Amanita altipes,A.melleialba,Amarenomyces dactylidis,Chaetosphaeria panamensis,Coniella vitis,Coprinopsis kubickae,Dothiorella sarmentorum,Leptobacillium leptobactrum var.calidus,Muyocopron lithocarpi,Neoroussoella solani,Periconia cortaderiae,Phragmocamarosporium hederae,Sphaerellopsis paraphysata and Sphaeropsis eucalypticola.

The families Distoseptisporaceae fam.nov.,Kirschsteiniotheliaceae,Sporormiaceae and Torulaceae,with new species from freshwater in Yunnan Province,China

During a north–south latitudinal survey of aquatic fungi on submerged wood and herbaceous material in streams in the Asian region,we collected several hyphomycetous taxa.This paper is part of a series where we provide illustrated accounts of these taxa and place them in a natural classification in the fungi.DNA sequence based phylogenies in recent literature have shown that Dendryphion,Sporidesmium and Torula-like species are polyphyletic in the phylum Ascomycota and their taxonomyhas been problematic due to a lack of understanding of the importance of morphological characters used to delimit taxa,as well as the lack of ex-type or reference strains.Based on multi-locus phylogenies together with morphology,we propose the novel family Distoseptisporaceae(Sordariomycetes)and three novel genera Neotorula(Pleosporales,Dothideomycetes),Distoseptispora(Sordariomycetes)and Pseudosporidesmium(Sordariomycetes).In addition,Dendryphion aquaticum,D.submersum,Distoseptispora fluminicola,D.aquatica,Kirschsteiniothelia submersa,Neotorula aquatica,Sporidesmium aquaticum,S.submersum and S.fluminicola are introduced as new species.Pseudosporidesmium knawiae comb.nov.is proposed to accommodate Sporidesmium knawiae in Sordariomycetes.The polyphyletic nature of Dendryphion,Sporidesmium and Torula-like species are partially resolved,but further sampling with fresh collections and molecular data of species are needed to obtain a natural classification.

Phylogenetic insights resolve Dacampiaceae(Pleosporales)as polyphyletic:Didymocyrtis(Pleosporales,Phaeosphaeriaceae)with Phoma-like anamorphs resurrected and segregated from Polycoccum(Trypetheliales,Polycoccaceae fam.nov.)

A phylogenetic analysis of nuLSU and ITS sequences representing genera previously included in Dacampiaceae indicates that the family is strongly polyphyletic and that the type species of Dacampia is placed in Pleosporales.The genus Munkovalsaria s.str.is placed in Didymosphaeriaceae(Pleosporales).Polycoccum s.str.and two species of Clypeococcum are shown to form a new lineage sister to the Trypetheliaceae in Trypetheliales and described here as Polycoccaceae.Other members of Polycoccum s.lat.are included in the Pleosporales and are closely related to lichenicolous Phoma-like species of the family Phaeosphaeriaceae.The genus Didymocyrtis is resurrected for these species and for lichenicolous species previously assigned to Diederichia,Diederichomyces,Leptosphaeria and Phoma.The genera Diederichia and Diederichomyces are synonymized with Didymocyrtis.The new combinations Didymocyrtis bryonthae,D.cladoniicola,D.foliaceiphila,D.infestans,D.kaernefeltii,D.melanelixiae,D.pseudeverniae,D.ramalinae,D.slaptoniensis and D.xanthomendozae are made,and the new name D.epiphyscia is introduced for Phoma physciicola.Some anamorph-teleomorph relationships are resolved,such as Didymocyrtis ramalinae–Phoma ficuzzae and Didymocyrtis consimilis–Phoma caloplacae,the phylogenetic results being supported by single ascospore cultures that lead to the asexual stage producing pycnidia and conidia in culture.Speciation by host switching is assumed to be important in the genus Didymocyrtis.An identification key to Didymocyrtis species is provided.

Uncovering the hidden taxonomic diversity of fungi in Oman

Hot desert regions are undoubtedly challenging to fungal survival on the Arabian Peninsula.Fungi are,however,recognized as the most stress-resistant organisms among all eukaryotes,which could be a result of the rapid evolution of distinct species.Our current understanding of these microorganisms is derived from studies examining only a fraction of the overall fungal diversity.Therefore,further studies are needed to understand the diversity of fungi in desert regions.This paper highlights the taxonomy of several unusual fungal genera collected in a range of aquatic and terrestrial environments in Oman.These taxa were identified based on phylogenetic analyses of nuclear ribosomal DNA(rDNA)(LSU,SSU and ITS)and protein-coding genes(TEF,RPB2 and TUB),plus morphological comparisons.Phylogenetic analyses,including the presently recognized genera in Patellariales resulted in splitting the order into four clades in Dothideomycetes.The new family Holmiellaceae and new order Holmiellales are introduced to include Holmiella.Species of Homortomycetaceae form a well-supported and distinct clade and raise it to Homortomycetales ordo novus.Omania(Halojulellaceae),Desertiserpentica(Lophiostomata-ceae)and Montanitestudina(Testudinaceae)are described as novel genera in Dothideomycetes.A synnematous hyphomycete with basidiomycetous affinity(Corticiales)was also identified and described as Basidiodesertica.Additionally,an asexual morph was observed for Holmiella junipericola;Patellaria quercus is synonymized under P.atrata,and seven new species are described.

A polyphasic approach to delineate species in Bipolaris

Bipolaris species are important plant pathogens with a worldwide distribution in tropical and temperate environments.Species recognition in Bipolaris has been problematic due to a lack of molecular data from ex-type cultures,the use of few gene regions for species resolution and overlapping morphological characters.In this study,we evaluate the efficiency of different DNA barcodes in species delimitation in Bipolaris by phylogenetic analyses,Automatic Barcode Gap Discovery and Objective Clustering.GAPDH is determined to be the best single marker for the genus.These approaches are used to clarify the taxonomic placement of all sequences currently named as Bipolaris in GenBank based on ITS and GAPDH gene sequence data.In checking various publications,we found that the majority of new host records of fungal species published in the Plant Disease journal from 2010 to 2019 were based on BLAST searches of the ITS sequences and up to 82%of those records could be erroneous.Therefore,relying on BLAST searches from GenBank to name species is not recommended.Editorial boards of journals and reviewers of new record papers should be aware of this problem.In naming Bipolaris species,whether new or known,it is recommended to perform phylogenetic analyses based on GAPDH using the correct taxon sampling for accurate results and the species relationship should have reliable statistical support.At least two new species are represented by molecular data in GenBank and we provide an updated taxonomic revision of Bipolaris.We accept 45 species in Bipolaris and notes are provided for all the species including hosts and geographic distribution.

Taxonomic and phylogenetic contributions to fungi associated with the invasive weed Chromolaena odorata (Siam weed)

This article provides morphological descriptions and illustrations of microfungi associated with the invasive weed,Chro-molaena odorata,which were mainly collected in northern Thailand.Seventy-seven taxa distributed in ten orders,23 families(of which Neomassarinaceae is new),12 new genera(Chromolaenicola,Chromolaenomyces,Longiappendispora,Pseudocapulatispora,Murichromolaenicola,Neoophiobolus,Paraleptospora,Pseudoroussoella,Pseudostaurosphaeria,Pseudothyridariella,Setoarthopyrenia,Xenoroussoella),47 new species(Aplosporella chromolaenae,Arthrinium chromolae-nae,Chromolaenicola chiangraiensis,C.lampangensis,C.nanensis,C.thailandensis,Chromolaenomyces appendiculatus,Diaporthe chromolaenae,Didymella chromolaenae,Dyfrolomyces chromolaenae,Leptospora chromolaenae,L.phraeana,Longiappendispora chromolaenae,Memnoniella chromolaenae,Montagnula chiangraiensis,M.chromolaenae,M.chromo-laenicola,M.thailandica,Murichromolaenicola chiangraiensis,M.chromolaenae,Muyocopron chromolaenae,M.chromo-laenicola,Neomassarina chromolaenae,Neoophiobolus chromolaenae,Neopyrenochaeta chiangraiensis,N.chromolaenae,N.thailandica,N.triseptatispora,Nigrograna chromolaenae,Nothophoma chromolaenae,Paraleptospora chromolaenae,P.chromolaenicola,Patellaria chromolaenae,Pseudocapulatispora longiappendiculata,Pseudoroussoella chromolaenae,Pseudostaurosphaeria chromolaenae,P.chromolaenicola,Pseudothyridariella chromolaenae,Pyrenochaetopsis chromolae-nae,Rhytidhysteron chromolaenae,Setoarthopyrenia chromolaenae,Sphaeropsis chromolaenicola,Tremateia chiangraiensis,T.chromolaenae,T.thailandensis,Xenoroussoella triseptata,Yunnanensis chromolaenae),12 new host records,three new taxonomic combinations(Chromolaenicola siamensis,Pseudoroussoella elaeicola,Pseudothyridariella mahakashae),and two reference specimens(Torula chromolaenae,T.fici)are described and illustrated.Unlike some other hosts,e.g.bamboo(Poaceae)and Pandanaceae,the dominant group of fungi on Siam weed were Dothideomycetes.Only 15 species previously recorded from northern Thailand were found in this study.Most of the taxa are likely to have jumped hosts from surrounding plants and are unlikely to be a specialist to Siam weed.Most fungal families found on Siam weed had divergence estimates with stem ages in the Cretaceous,which coincided with the expected origin of the host family(Asteraceae).This further indicates that the species have jumped hosts,as it is unlikely that the taxa on the alien Siam weed came from the Americas with its host.They may,however,have jumped from other Asteraceae hosts.In a preliminary screening 40(65%)of the 62 species tested showed antimicrobial activity and thus,the fungi associated with C.odorata may be promising sources of novel bioactive compound discovery.We provide a checklist of fungi associated with C.odorata based on the USDA Systematic Mycology and Microbiology Laboratory(SMML)database,relevant literature and our study.In total,130 taxa(116 identified and 14 unidentified species)are distributed in 20 orders,48 families and 85 genera.Pseudocercospora is the most commonly encountered genus on Siam weed.

Towards a natural classification and backbone tree for Lophiostomataceae,Floricolaceae,and Amorosiaceae fam.nov.

The genera Lophiostoma,Misturatosphaeria and several other allied taxa in Lophiostomataceae are revisited.Accounts of these taxa,including their history,morphology,and family placement,based on molecular phylogeny,are provided.Type or representative specimens of Lophiostoma and Misturatosphaeria were examined and fresh specimens were obtained from Germany,Italy,Japan and Thailand.A multi-gene phylogenetic analysis of the lophiostomataceous genera Floricola,Lophiostoma,Misturatosphaeria and related taxa is provided.Sixteen genera including Lophiostoma,Lophiohelichrysum,Dimorphiopsis,Platystomum and Vaginatispora,plus eleven newly introduced genera Biappendiculispora,Alpestrisphaeria,Capulatispora,Coelodictyosporium,Guttulispora,Lophiopoacea,Neotrematosphaeria,Paucispora,Pseudolophiostoma,Pseudoplatystomum and Sigarispora are accepted in Lophiostomataceae based on morphology and phylogeny.Lophiostoma caulium,Lophiostoma arundinis and Lophiostoma caudatum are accommodated in Sigarispora.Lophiostoma winteri and Lophiostoma fuckelii are placed in the genera Lophiopoacea and Vaginatispora respectively.Three Curreya species and Misturatosphaeria claviformis are transferred to a new genus,Neocurreya.All other Misturatosphaeria species except Misturatosphaeria aurantiinotata and M.uniseptata are separated in the new genera Asymmetrispora,Aurantiascoma,Magnibotryascoma,Pseudoaurantiascoma and Pseudomisturatosphaeria based on their morphological and phylogenetic affinities.Another new genus,Ramusculicola is introduced for a new collection from Thailand.These seven new genera are accommodated in a new family Floricolaceae,together with Floricola and Misturatosphaeria.Several massarina-like species clustered as a sister clade to Amorosia littoralis and are accommodated in a new genus Angustimassarina.A new family Amorosiaceae is proposed to accommodate the genera Amorosia and Angustimassarina.The putatively named species Decaisnella formosa and Thyridaria macrostomoides form a separate clade together with a new genus Lignosphaeria which is placed in Dothideomycetes,genera incertae sedis.

Families in Botryosphaeriales:aphylogenetic,morphological and evolutionary perspective

Botryosphaeriales was introduced in 2006 for a single family Botryosphaeriaceae.Since then the number of families has increased as a result of the transfer of one family(Planistromellaceae)into the order,re-instatement of another(Phyllostictaceae),while others resulted from raising genera to family status(Aplosporellaceae,Endomelanconiopsisaceae,Melanopsaceae,Pseudofusicoccumaceae,Saccharataceae and Septorioideaceae).All these decisions were based solely on phylogenetic analyses of several different loci.There has been no consensus on which loci are suitable markers at this taxonomic level and in some cases the datasets used to construct the phylogenies were incomplete.In this paper,the families of Botryosphaeriales were re-assessed in terms of morphology of the sexual morphs,phylogenetic relationships based on ITS and LSU sequence data,and evolutionary divergence times of lineages in relation to major events in the evolution of their hosts on a geological timescale.Six main lineages were resolved in the phylogenetic analyses and these correspond to six groups as defined on morphology of the sexual morphs.These lineages evolved during the Late epoch of the Cretaceous period and survived the catastrophic event that led to the mass extinction of non-avian dinosaurs and a great loss of plant diversity at the end of the Cretaceous period.They then diversified during the Paleocene and Eocene epochs of the Paleogene period.These six lineages are considered to represent families in Botryosphaeriales.Therefore,six families(Aplosporellaceae,Botryosphaeriaceae,Melanopsaceae,Phyllostictaceae,Planistromellaceae and Saccharataceae)are accepted in Botryosphaeriales,while three(Endomelanconiopsisaceae,Pseudofusicoccumaceae and Septorioideaceae)are reduced to synonymy under existing families.

Dothideales

The type specimens or representative specimens of the potentially dothidealean genera Bagnisiella,Botryochora,Coccostromella,Columnosphaeria,Delphinel la,Dictyodothis,Discosphaerina,Dothidea,Dothiora,Endodothiora,Jaffuela,Mycoporis,Omphalospora,Pachysacca,Plowrightia,Saccothecium,Stylodothis,Sydowia and Yoshinagaia were examined while,fresh specimens of Aureobasidium pullulans,Dothidea insculpta,Plowrightia ribesia and Saccothecium sepincola were made from Italy and Thailand.An introduction and the history of these genera,their family placement,morphology,and molecular phylogeny are provided.Morphology plus GenBank data are used to provide a systematic treatment of Dothideales.Phylogenetic analysis of LSU,SSU and ITS gene regions was carried out and in the resulting phylogenetic tree the taxa cluster in two clades with high bootstrap support.Clade A comprises Dothideaceae,the family type of Dothideales.The family Dothioraceae is not recognized as a distinct family and is synonymized under Dothideaceae.Neocylindroseptoria is introduced to accommodate Cylindroseptoria pistaciae as it forms a well-supported distinct clade in Dothideaceae.Clade B comprises Aureobasidium,Kabatiella,Pseudoseptoria,Saccothecium and Selenophoma species and Columnosphaeria fagi,for which we propose a new family,Aureobasidiaceae.The recently introduced Sydowia eucalypti also clustered within Clade B and therefore based on morphology and molecular phylogeny a new genus Pseudosydowia is introduced for Sydowia eucalypti.Celosporium laricicola is separated in a distinct clade,and therefore it is placed in Dothideales,genera,incertae sedis.The genera Bagnisiella,Botryochora,Coccostromella,Jaffuela,Lucidascocarpa,Mycoporis,Omphalospora,Pachysacca and Yoshinagaia are excluded from Dothideales and their placements are discussed.