Working principle and design of a double cylinders type traveling wave ultrasonic motor using composite transducer

A double cylinders type traveling wave ultrasonic motor using composite transducer was proposed.The proposed stator contained two cylinders and one composite transducer,and the transducer located on the outer surfaces of cylinders.The composite transducer included two exponential horns located on leading ends,and the horns insected with the cylinders at tip ends.Two degenerated flexural vibration modes spatially and temporally orthogonal to each other were excited in each cylinder by the composite transducer.In this new design,a single transducer could excite two flexural traveling waves in the cylinders.Thus,elliptical motions were achieved at the particles on the teeth.The working principle of the proposed motor was analyzed.The cylinder and transducer were designed with FEM.The resonant frequencies of two vibration modals of the stator were tuned to be the same,and the motion trajectories of nodes on the teeth were analyzed.Transient analysis results show that the motion trajectories of teeth are ellipses.The results of this paper can guide the development of this new type of ultrasonic motor.

Calculation for electromagnetic torque of double-stator-permanent magnet synchronous motor

Presents the mathematic model built for double stator permanent magnet synchronous motors through a brief analysis of their future development, and the equations established for calculation of their torques, and the development of prototypes, and discusses the comparison of the motor under development with the conventional motors with the same volume, stator structure, and magnet shape, and concludes the motor under development is one of the ways to improve the performance/volume ratio of motors.

Targeted Ultrasound-Guided Double Catheters (Infraclavicular-Brachial Plexus, Median Nerve) Facilitate Hand Rehabilitation with Superb Analgesia and Motor Function Retention

A 44-year-old male who suffered a crush-degloving hand injury complicated by Complex Regional Pain Syndrome (CRPS) type I was scheduled for operative hand manipulation and inpatient physiotherapy. Preoperative placement of an ultrasound-guided infraclavicular catheter provided incomplete analgesia requiring supplemental morphine during physiotherapy sessions despite continuous infusion of 0.1% bupivacaine at 20 mL/hour. Due to the patient’s adamant refusal of replacement of the infraclavicular catheter, a second ultrasound-guided median nerve catheter was placed distally at the mid-forearm level and elicited complete sensory blockade of the hand. Dual infusions were maintained with 0.25% bupivacaine at 5 mL/hour through the median nerve catheter and 0.1% bupivacaine at 20 mL/hour through the infraclavicular catheter, and subsequent daily physiotherapy progressed productively. Continuous perineural catheter use to facilitate rehabilitation is an emerging practice that may improve overall recovery. Combination catheters, infusing local anesthetics at separate locations, can be used synergistically to preserve motor function and reach a superior analgesic endpoint.

Torque analysis for double-stator permanent-magnet motor

In addition to the characteristics of a conventional motor, a novel direct-drive double-stator permanent-magnet brushless motor proposed can operate in the state of either a generator or a motor as appropriate. Through numerical calculation and analysis, the output torque of double-stator permanent-magnet brushless motor of the same volume as the traditional machine is discussed, and the reduction of torque ripple by using the structure features of this motor is investigated. The results indicate that lower torque ripple under the condition of ideal effective torque can be obtained by the rational design of motor. The prototype motors tested show that this kind of motor structure has a higher power density.

A New-style Permanent-magnet Motor with Double-stator Structure

A new-style direct drive motor with double-stator structure is proposed. The structure and principle of the permanent-magnet (PM) brushless motor are discussed. On the basis of numerical calculation, the cogging torque waveforms of the prototype motor when staggering two stators are analyzed. The method that can reduce torque ripple making use of the structure features of this motor is investigated. The results of numerical calculation and experiment indicate that designing motor with this kind of structure is a good scheme for increasing the power density.

Output Speed and Torque of Differential Double-Stator Swing Hydraulic Multimotors

A new type of differential double-stator swing hydraulic motor,based on double stator structure,was introduced.Compared with the traditional swing hydraulic motors,it could provide various kinds of rotational speeds and torques under the same conditions of input flow rate and pressure.The operating principle and graphic symbols were described.The output speed and torque characters in multifarious connection modes were analyzed through single-acting differential double-stator swing hydraulic multi-motors.Then the differential connection modes and differential principles of differential double-stator swing hydraulic multi-motors were stated.Furthermore,the output speed and torque characters of doubleacting and triple-acting ones in multifarious connection modes were gotten.The interaction between output torque and the displacement ratio was studied.Finally,the internal leakage that influenced the volumetric efficiency was researched.The theoretical and experimental researches show that the differential double-stator swing hydraulic multi-motors can provide various kinds of rotational speeds and torques.Predictably,this new kind of swing hydraulic multi-motors has broad application prospects in machine tool equipments,engineering machineries,and simulation turntables.

Development of High-Thrust and Double-Sided Linear Synchronous Motor Module For Liquid Crystal Display Equipment

Recently,there is an increasing requirement for controlling linear motion up to a few hundred of millimeter strokes in the area of the liquid crystal display(LCD) production equipment.The requirements of the motion system for LCD production equipment are high acceleration and high velocity with positioning accuracy.To satisfy these requirements,it has to be designed with the high-thrust force and low velocity ripple.In this work, high-thrust and double-sided linear synchronous motor (LSM)module is proposed and the developed high-thrust and double-sided LSM module is verified by performance test.

Dynamic and Static Characteristics of Double Push Rods Electromechanical Converter

Due to the influence of material characteristics and winding power, single output electromagnet has limited ability to improve the dynamic characteristic of electro-hydraulic valve. Therefore, an electromechanical converter with double push rods is proposed in this paper, which can simultaneously output two electromagnetic forces, can push or pull the valve core and sleeve according to the current direction and realize rapid operation of load. According to the electromagnetic principle and the magnetic circuit analysis method, the mathematical model and equivalent circuit of the electromechanical converter with double push rods are established. Through the finite element simulation model of the electromechanical converter with double push rods with the same magnetization directions, the changing rules of its magnetic field distribution and force–displacement behaviors are studied and analyzed. According to the analysis results, the electromagnetic mechanical parameters and mechanical structure of the electromechanical converter with double push rods are determined, and the prototype is made. The test platform for the push-pull characteristics of the electromechanical converter with double push rods is built, and its static and dynamic characteristics are tested and analyzed. The results show that the thrust and pull output characteristics of the internal and external push rods are basically consistent with the simulation output, and proportional to the current density of the coil;the push-pull hysteresis of internal and external push rods output force is less than 5%;and the dynamic time response characteristics of the displacement and force are obtained. The hysteresis e ect of output force is improved e ectively through the H bridge drive control circuit modulated by PWM. Compared with the displacement response of a singlewinding electromagnet with a similar volume, it can e ectively improve the dynamic displacement response. Followup work will further optimize the structure of the electromechanical converter and test the corresponding pilot valve. The research results provide a new theory for improving the output characteristics of electro-hydraulic pilot valve and have an extremely high engineering application value and broad application prospect.

基于静止轴系改进高频方波注入同步磁阻电机无传感器控制

同步磁阻电机因为其成本低、可靠性高,发展前景可观。在低速域无传感器控制方面,因同步磁阻电机转子具有凸极性,使用高频方波信号注入方法进行转子角度估计最为合适。但是,电机在低速运行中伴随着交直轴电感交叉饱和问题,该问题影响着电机的动稳态性能。为此,对传统高频方波注入控制方法进行改进,提出基于静止轴系的双高频方波注入无传感器控制方法,降低高频幅值带来的高频转矩脉动,抑制因交叉饱和效应导致的角度估计误差,提高电机动稳态性能。在1.5 kW同步磁阻电机实验平台上进行实验验证。结果表明,与传统高频注入法相比,改进高频注入法消除了交叉饱合引起的角度估计误差,并降低高频信号带来的转矩脉动问题,提高了电机的动稳态性能。

转子温度空间分布差异诱发永磁电机局部失磁特性研究

永磁材料磁特性受工作温度影响较大,高工作温度下存在的不可逆失磁现象是永磁电机高可靠性设计的主要瓶颈。针对内置式磁路结构的高功率密度永磁电机用钕铁硼永磁材料的不可逆失磁问题,基于电机全域空间损耗、温度分布的差异,该文提出一种永磁体局部失磁分析模型与特性计算方法。通过磁体虚拟分块法建立基于温度、退磁率等变量的永磁材料磁特性分析模型,利用电磁场和温度场双向耦合的三维多物理场计算方法,得到电机转子永磁体损耗、温度和局部失磁的空间分布特性。最后,通过对一台115 kW、8极永磁电机样机转子永磁体温度和转子表面磁场的实验测试,验证了分析模型与计算方法的准确性,为永磁电机局部失磁问题研究及精细化防失磁设计提供依据。

非圆行星齿轮马达设计与排量分析

非圆行星齿轮马达具有容积效率高、密封性良好、传递扭矩大等优势,可应用于井下机械和食品机械等领域。根据几何关系推导圆弧-圆弧型(双圆弧型)节曲线参数所需满足的弧长条件、传动条件与约束条件,建立并求解内齿圈与太阳轮节曲线非线性规划模型。在分析非圆行星齿轮马达进排液规律的基础上,确定不同太阳轮旋转角度下各容腔进排液的周期变化规律。通过面积拟合法与图解法求解马达最大与最小容腔面积,确定马达理论排量。非圆行星齿轮马达试验测试结果表明,试验法与理论计算法确定的马达实际流量随转速变化的趋势基本一致,最大误差仅为9.57%,验证了双圆弧型节曲线马达理论排量模型的正确性,可为进一步探索非圆行星齿轮马达优化设计提供参考。

新型双定子双凸极可变磁通记忆电机设计与性能比较

结合双凸极结构、双定子和混合永磁体的特点,提出了三种新型双定子双凸极可变磁通记忆电机(DS-DSVFMM)。通过采用高矫顽力和低矫顽力两组永磁体,实现了电机的高转矩密度和在线调磁功能。为了充分利用电机的内部空间,高矫顽力和低矫顽力永磁体以及调磁绕组都被放置在内定子中。建立该电机的简化等效磁路模型,并分析其磁通调节原理和特性;对三种不同结构DS-DSVFMM的调磁能力、负载转矩和抗退磁性能进行了研究和比较。对T形DS-DSVFMM进行加工和测试,并通过实验验证了该电机结构及其有限元分析的正确性。

双风冷外转子永磁同步电机不同动密封结构的传热特性

为加强基于定转子双风冷外转子永磁同步电机内部小间隙处密封性的同时保障间隙的散热性,在考虑旋转因素下,利用计算流体力学的方法对电机小间隙处不同迷宫密封结构在不同工况下的流场和传热特性进行数值模拟,通过对间隙处压力、速度的分析,探讨上下间隙处不同迷宫密封结构对电机整体密封性能以及定子侧壁面散热性的影响,并使用泄漏量和努塞尔数作为评价因子对其密封性能和散热性进行评估。结果表明:轴流风扇工况为吸风时更有利于提升电机密封性并同时保障间隙处散热性;在上下定转子间隙处添加迷宫密封的方式可以有效提高电机在双风冷系统下的密封性,且上下间隙处密封结构的压降总和越大,泄漏量越小;间隙处定子侧壁面的平均努塞尔数因迷宫密封的添加会有所下降,并且当来流温度低于壁温时其下降程度随密封结构阻流效果的增大而增大,高于壁温时随密封结构阻流效果、凹槽漩涡强度的减小而增大;相较于无密封结构,定子侧双凹槽结构在提高电机整体密封性的同时有效保障了间隙的散热性,研究结果为外转子永磁同步电机内部间隙处密封和散热结构的设计提供了参考。

基于改进遗传算法的直流电机双闭环调速系统控制参数整定

直流电机的双闭环控制被广泛应用于直流拖动系统,采用的控制器是传统的PI控制器。在工程应用中,通常采用人工整定PI控制器的参数,往往不能得到最优的控制参数。同时,许多研究采用智能群算法进行整定。针对直流电机双闭环系统的PI参数整定,提出了一种基于改进遗传算法的参数整定方法。与传统遗传算法相比,改进遗传算法的整定效果更佳,具有较快的响应速度、较好的稳定性和较小的超调,更适用于对直流电机双闭环调速系统的控制参数进行整定。

新能源车双电机线控系统的同步转向角控制

针对商用新能源车中单电机驱动线控转向系统弱扭矩和高故障率的问题,提出一种新能源车双电机线控系统的同步转向角控制策略。基于主从控制模式,引入一个带有扰动观测器的滑模控制器,使系统在具有模型不确定性和外部干扰的工况下仍然具有强鲁棒性,同时系统的动态响应和同步性能也得到相应的提升。最后借助实物平台完成验证。实验结果表明:应用主从控制时,正弦和梯形位置轨迹的平均同步误差值分别减少了83.7%和70.4%,而最大同步误差值分别减少了92.5%和74.3%,线控转向系统获得了良好的同步转向角控制性能。

Application of Super-Synchronization Speed Control Technology in Two 80 MVA Motor-Generator Units of HL-2A

Two sets of super-synchronization speed control assemblies for two 80 MVA motor-generator units have been developed successfully in order to satisfy the demand of the toroidal field system in the HL-2A tokamak. Based on the three-phase logical no-circumfluence a.c./a.c. cycloconverter, the speeds of two 2500 kW double fed drive motors have been regulated by means of the vector control technology. The maximum operating speed of each motor- generator unit has been raised from 1488 rpm （revolutions per minute） to 1650 rpm and the released energy of each unit during a pulsed discharge can reach 500 MJ. As a result, the toroidal field system has the capacity to provide 2.8 tesla （T） in HL-2A experiments.

Virtual Speed Sensorless Desired Control Strategy of Maglev Single-sided Linear Induction Motors

单边短初级长次级直线感应电机己普遍应用于低速磁悬浮的驱动系统。由于在动态纵向边端效应影响下等效电路不对称，单边直线感应电机（single-sided linear inductionmotor，SLIM）的一些参数非线性变化。传统的应用于旋转电机的无速度传感器方法不再适用。首先分析了SLIM的M／T轴等效电路，选择次级磁链作为速度观测器状态变量。根据李雅普诺夫系统稳定性判据，推导出适用于SLIM的无速度传感器辨识；然后，采用反馈广义积分观测器控制稳态辨识速度的双幅脉振幅值；引入虚拟期望变量（virtualdesiredvariable，VDV）法，利用估算速度参与SLIM的恒滑差频率矢量控制。仿真与实验对所提控制算法的有效性和实用性进行了验证，所得结论可为磁悬浮的无速度传感器控制提供参考。

New Development in the Performance Improvement Synchronous Motor

Synchronous machines are dedicated to the specific application. They are generally employed in rolling mills, pumps, fans, and compressors like reprobating and centrifugal drives, pulp and paper processing, water treatment, mining, and in cement industries. As a synchronous motor, the performance is reduced for the given excitation while the load increases. When operated as synchronous generators, both power loads and lighting loads depend on the output from the armature winding. This paper presents an alternative choice in which by providing an additional winding in the stationary armature, when operated as a Double Winding Synchronous Motor (DWSyM), it becomes possible to operate in maximum power factor by adjusting the loads on both the stator windings. When operated as conventional motor, for the load current of 3.5 A, the efficiency is 55% and power factor is 0.55, for the same excitation when second winding is connected to a load current of 1 A, the efficiency is improved to 77.6% and power factor is improved to 0.66. The main focus of this machine is to improve the performance of the machine for the reduced excitation and minimum load. For the reduced excitation, the performance can be improved by loading both the windings. While operated as Double Winding Synchronous Generator (DWSyG), two stator outputs are available which help to separate the power and lighting circuits. Hence, interruption in the lighting circuit can be limited, this machine can be considered as Twin generator.

注入谐波电流的长初级双边直线感应电机推力波动优化研究

长初级双边直线感应电机(DLIM)的端部效应会引起推力波动,影响电机稳定运行。为降低电机推力波动,采用注入谐波电流方法抑制纵向端部效应引起的两倍滑差频率的推力波动,推导出注入谐波电流后电机气隙磁密和电磁推力的解析表达式。求解出使推力波动分量的合成结果为0时,应注入谐波电流频率、相位、幅值的表达式,并分析注入谐波电流对气隙磁密、推力特性的影响。最后建立长初级双边直线感应电机的有限元模型,仿真计算注入谐波电流的相关参数,分析比较注入谐波电流前后气隙磁密和推力特性,并将仿真结果与解析计算结果对比,二者具有很高的一致性。结果表明注入谐波电流可大幅降低推力波动,为长初级双边直线感应电机推力波动的优化研究提供理论依据。

并轴式双转子永磁同步电机齿槽转矩分析

为有效分析和削弱并轴式双转子永磁同步电机的齿槽转矩,首先给出并轴式双转子永磁同步电机并接区气隙尺寸确定的一般原则,其次在计及并接区特殊结构参数的情况下给出各部分等效磁导的计算公式,进而建立并轴式双转子永磁同步电机等效磁网络模型,并通过能量差分法建立该电机齿槽转矩的解析表达式,然后以一台双8极54槽并轴式双转子永磁同步电机为例,建立其2D有限元计算模型,综合分析电机并接区气隙、永磁体、槽口宽度等不同结构的尺寸参数对齿槽转矩的影响,得到削弱并轴式双转子永磁同步电机齿槽转矩的有效方法,最后使用田口法以电机齿槽转矩为优化目标,以并接区气隙尺寸、永磁体尺寸、定子槽口宽度等不同参数作为优化变量进行优化分析,有效提高电机的性能。