Uniformity in Double Designs

In constructing two-level fractional factorial designs, the so-called doubling method has been employed. In this paper, we study the problem of uniformity in double designs. The centered L2-discrepancy is employed as a measure of uniformity. We derive results connecting the centered L2-discrepancy value of D（X） and generalized wordlength pattern of X, which show the uniformity relationship between D（X） and X. In addition, we also obtain lower bounds of centered L2-discrepancy value of D（X）, which can be used to assess uniformity of D（X）.

Multi-designated geoparks face challenges in China’s heritage conservation

The author selects a thorny issue of doubled designations that bother policy-makers, professional planners and managers in the field of conservation for protected areas. The analyzed case study areas cover 5 National Geoparks of China in Sichuan Province, 18 UNESCO Global Geoparks in China, and 219 World Heritage sites in China and 8 European nations. Through analysis and synthesis, the author concludes that doubled designation, which also leads to unbalanced park distribution, is particularly prevalent in China other than in Europe. Therefore, on-site management agencies and related governments in China should carefully translate the doubled designations into responsibilities and harmonious partnerships between all stakeholders in order to enhance the management effectiveness and avoid paper park phenomenon.

Design of an Ultrafast Frequency Doubling Photonic Device

Ultrashort pulses complicate the frequency conversion in a nonlinear crystal, where group velocity mismatch becomes the main obstacle due to dispersion. We present a design for group velocity compensated second harmonic generation in a modulated nonlinear structure, embedded in a liquid crystal box. In this structure, nonlinear crystals act as sources of signal and liquid crystals compensate for group velocity mismatch originating from nonlinear crystals. There are the advantages of the flexible, controllable birefringence of liquid crystals. Meanwhile, a method calculating the parameters of this type of structure is presented. To make it clear, an example is provided. Furthermore, the structure can also be shaped as a waveguide to support integration into other optical devices, applicable to all-optical processing systems.

Energy Drinks Do Not Improve Le Parkour Performance: A Randomized Controlled Study

Le Parkour is a sport where the athletes transpose common day-to-day obstacles in the best possible way. This sport demands elements like strength, focus and decision making;elements supposedly affected by energy drinks, with performance improvement. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of energy drink ingestion on Le Parkour athlete’s performance. Twelve male amateur athletes, mean age of 23.5 ± 2.74, took part in this randomized, double-blind, placebocontrolled study. Subjects were randomly assigned to drink: 250 ml of energy drink, 500 ml of energy drink or placebo. Forty minutes after the beverage consumption, they were evaluated in a specific circuit performance test (time to complete the circuit) followed by a perceived exertion and a circuit technical difficulty evaluation. We also evaluated heart rate in 3 different moments: rest, pre-circuit and post-circuit. All variables were collected in 3 different experimental days. Time, perceived exertion and technical difficulty were higher in the first day compared to the others. Heart rate did not show a difference when we compared the days. Drinking one or two cans of an energy drink did not improve performance of Le Parkour athletes in a sport specific test. It also did not change heart rate or perceived exertion.

Design and preparation of frequency doubling antireflection coating with different thicknesses of interlayer for LiB3O5 crystal

Design and preparation of frequency doubling antireflection coating with different thicknesses of interlayer were investigated for LIB3O5 （LBO） substrate. The design was based on the vector method. The thickness of the inserted SiO2 interlayer could be changed in a wide range for the four-layer design with two zeros at 1064 and 532 nm. The coatings without any interlayer and with 0.1 quarter-wave （λ/4）, 0.3 λ/4, 0.5 λ/4 SiO2 interlayer were deposited respectively on LBO by using electron beam evaporation technique. All the prepared coatings with SiO2 interlayer indicated satisfying optical behavior. This expanded our option for the thickness of an interlayer when coating on LBO substrate. The prepared films with SiO2 interlayer showed better adhesion than that without any interlayer. The thickness of the interlayer affected the adhesion, the adhesion for the coating with 0.5 λ/4 SiO2 interlayer was not as good as the other two.