EFFECTS OF SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT ON DRY NURSERY SEEDLING QUALITY OF LATE DOUBLE CROPPING RICE IN SOUTH CHINA

In the present paper, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil moisture content on dry nursery seedling quality in Guangzhou in 1995. Through comparing the difference of dry nursery seedlings and wet nursery seedlings, we found a close relationship between soil moisture content and seedling growth. The seedling emergence of dry nursery seedling was more even, tidy and faster, and the survival rate was higher than that of wet nursery seedling. Dry nursery seedlings had small plant stature, slow leaf stretching speed and low individual seedling dry weight, but had high dry/fresh weight ratio. This was abeneficial factor for seedlings to recover from transplanting shock more quickly. As com-pared with the wet nursery seedlings, dry nursery seedlings had poor rooting ability,but had more vigorous white roots and fewer rust roots. It was the possibly important reasonfor dry nursery seedlings to form strong“explosive force”.

EFFECTS OF SEEDING DENSITY AND BASIC MANURE ON THE GROWTH OF DRY NURSERY SEEDLINGS IN LATE DOUBLE CROPPING RICE IN SOUTH CHINA

During the period of dry nursery seedling raising of late double cropping indica rice in South China, both chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure did not show obvious effect on the growth of shoot and root in young seedlings at 4-leaf stage （18-day-old seedling）, but had significant effects on root growth in old seedlings with 6-7 leaves （27-day-old seedling） at suitable seeding densities (65-125g m-2). There were satistically significant differences （at 0.01 or 0.05 levels）between treatments in root number and rooting ability of root-pruned seedlings.

Spatiotemporal Coupling of Water and Fertilizer for Double-cropping Grape in Guangxi

This paper summarizes the research progress and major achievements of the coupling effect of water and fertilizer on grape cultivation in China and abroad in recent years,emphatically analyzes the application status and some problems of the coupling effect of water and fertilizer on double-cropping grape cultivation mode in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region,discusses the key problems to be further resolved,and finally makes the relevant recommendations.

Farmer Water Management Strategies for Dry Season Water Shortages in Central Lombok, Indonesia

This paper examines how farmers in central Lombok have organized themselves to manage agricultural water colle- ctively and to adapt to seasonally dry conditions. We interviewed eighteen village heads from October to December 2006. One of our questions we posed prior to field interviews was what might be the social and technical coping strategies that have allowed farmers to survive the lengthy dry seasons under the high population density of Lombok island. Some examples of organizational structure and practices in Central Lombok are presented. There were several common water management strategies that were revealed from these interviews including: methods of organization, flexible cropping systems, water allocation mechanisms, methods of compromise, alternative payments, and traditional water management practices. The statistical analysis comparing village characteristics and coping strategies suggests a relation between mosque number per village and farmers ability to cope. Farmers have shown their own unique coping strategies in times of water shortages and under decentralization occurring over the past decade. This decentralization involved turning over small scale irrigation systems (under 500 hectares), to the water user associations themselves in order to facilitate more efficient management and maintenance.

Influence of Seed Priming on Performance and Water Productivity of Direct Seeded Rice in Alternating Wetting and Drying

Direct seeded rice is promising alternative to traditional transplanting, but requires appropriate crop and water management to maintain yield performance and achieve high water productivity. Present study evaluated the effect of seed priming and irrigation on crop establishment, tillering, agronomic traits, paddy yield, grain quality and water productivity of direct seeded rice in alternate wetting and drying （DSR-AWD） in comparison with direct seeded rice at field capacity （DSR- FC）. Seed priming treatments were osmo-priming with KCI （2.2%）, CaCI2 （2.2%） and moringa leaf extracts （MLE, 3.3%） including hydro-priming as control. Among the treatments, seed osmo-primed with MLE emerged earlier and had higher final emergence, followed by osmo-priming with CaCI2. Tillering emergence rate and number of tillers per plant were the highest for seed priming with CaCI2 in DSR- AWD. Total productive and non-productive tillers, panicle length, biological and grain yields, harvest index were highest for seed priming with MLE or CaCI2 in DSR-AWD. Similarly, grain quality, estimated in terms of normal grains, abortive and chalky grains, was also the highest in DSR-AWD with MLE osmo-priming. Benefit cost ratio and water productivity was also the highest in DSR-AWD for seed priming with MLE. In conclusion, seed priming with MLE or CaCI2 can be successfully employed to improve the direct seeded rice performance when practiced with alternate wetting and drying irrigation.

Phosphorus losses via surface runoff in rice-wheat cropping systems as impacted by rainfall regimes and fertilizer applications

Phosphorus（P） losses from agricultural soils contribute to eutrophication of surface waters. This field plot study investigated effects of rainfall regimes and P applications on P loss by surface runoff from rice（Oryza sativa L.） and wheat（Triticum aestivum L.） cropping systems in Lake Taihu region, China. The study was conducted on two types of paddy soils（Hydromorphic at Anzhen site, Wuxi City, and Degleyed at Xinzhuang site, Changshu City, Jiangsu Province） with different P status, and it covered 3 years with low, high and normal rainfall regimes. Four rates of mineral P fertilizer, i.e., no P（control）, 30 kg P ha^（–1） for rice and 20 kg P ha^（–1） for wheat（P_（30＋20））, 75 plus 40（P_（75＋40））, and 150 plus 80（P_（150＋80））, were applied as treatments. Runoff water from individual plots and runoff events was recorded and analyzed for total P and dissolved reactive P concentrations. Losses of total P and dissolved reactive P significantly increased with rainfall depth and P rates（P〈0.0001）. Annual total P losses ranged from 0.36–0.92 kg ha^–1 in control to 1.13–4.67 kg ha^–1 in P150＋80 at Anzhen, and correspondingly from 0.36–0.48 kg h^–1 to 1.26–1.88 kg ha^–1 at Xinzhuang, with 16–49% of total P as dissolved reactive P. In particular, large amounts of P were lost during heavy rainfall events that occurred shortly after P applications at Anzhen. On average of all P treatments, rice growing season constituted 37–86% of annual total P loss at Anzhen and 28–44% of that at Xinzhuang. In both crop seasons, P concentrations peaked in the first runoff events and decreased with time. During rice growing season, runoff P concentrations positively correlated（P〈0.0001） with P concentrations in field ponding water that was intentionally enclosed by construction of field bund. The relative high P loss during wheat growing season at Xinzhuang was due to high soil P status. In conclusion, P should be applied at rates balancing crop removal（20–30 kg P ha^–1 in this study） and at time excluding heavy rains. Moreover, irrigation and drainage water should be appropriately managed to reduce runoff P losses from rice-wheat cropping systems.

Status and circulation characteristics of soil water in dryland field of southeast Shanxi Province

Based on the observed soil water data from experimental site located in southeast of Shanxi Province, the physical characteristics of soil water, crop effect on soil moisture, and the field water circulation pattern were studied by using the water balance method. The results suggested that soil water deficit often exists in fields of these areas. From May to June, the amount of water deficit in bare land rises to the maximum (232 8 mm) and falls to the minimum (66 6 mm) from August to September. By comparison, because of crop transpiration, both soil water deficit and dry soil layer in cultivated land are 15 1—40 4 mm more and 20—70 mm deeper respectively than those of bare land. Crops mainly planted in these areas have a relatively weak utilization ability to soil water. Winter wheat has the highest utilization ability to soil water among the crops planted in these areas. The soil water utilization ability of winter wheat is 26 2%—30 6% and winter wheat can use soil water that lies in soil layer below a depth of over 200 cm. Spring corn and millet can only consume soil water with the maximum ability of 13 4% and the deepest layer of 0—50 cm or 0—100cm, which shows that the soil water utilization ability of winter wheat is higher than that of spring crops. After crop is ripe, more than 41% of available soil water remains unused in field. So, increasing soil water storage and improving crop utilization ability to soil water by adopting efficient agrotechnique measures are the main ways for improving agricultural productivity in dry farming areas of Northern China.

鲁东南稻区稻麦两熟节水增效生产新技术

从稻麦品种的选择与搭配、茬口与播期、播前种子处理、整地、播栽方式与用种量、施肥、水分管理、病虫草害防治、收获等方面总结介绍了鲁东南稻区稻麦两熟节水增效生产新技术。该技术主要针对临沂市及周边中粳中熟同生态区稻麦两熟粮食生产,比传统手插秧种稻方式大幅度减轻劳动强度、节约人力物力,有利于推动种稻方式由传统手插秧向旱育机插秧和机直播转变,社会、经济、生态效益都十分显著。

Soil physical properties,nutrients,and crop yield with two-year tillage rotations under a winter wheat-summer maize double cropping system

Winter wheat and summer maize were planted from 2015-2017 to study the effects of different rotational tillage patterns on soil physicochemical properties,crop yield,water content,and fertilizer utilization.The tillage treatments were designed as wheat subsoiling-maize no tillage(WS-MN),wheat rotary tillage-maize subsoiling(WR-MS),wheat subsoiling-maize subsoiling(WS-MS),and conventional wheat rotary tillage-maize no tillage(WR-MN)as a control.Among the four treatments,WS-MN and WR-MS were single-season subsoiling treatments,and WS-MS was a two-season subsoiling treatment.The average soil bulk density decreased by 7.6%in the single-and double-season subsoiling groups compared to the WR-MN group,and the total porosity and noncapillary porosity increased by 10.7%and 12.2%,respectively.Single-or double-season subsoiling treatment was not conducive to water storage in the 0-20 cm soil layer but increased the water content of the 20-140 cm soil layer,and the average soil water content of the 0-140 cm layer was increased by 11.6%in the two-growing season treatment groups compared with the WR-MN group.In WS-MS and WS-MN groups compared with the WR-MN group,the soil ammonium nitrogen content was increased by an average of 18.6%in 0-20 cm soil and 16.8%in 20-100 cm soil;soil nitrate-nitrogen content was decreased by 13.5%in 0-100 cm soil;total organic carbon and microbial carbon contents in the 15-30 cm soil were increased by 18.1%and 12.7%,respectively;and soil urease,catalase,and alkaline phosphatase activities were increased by 46.1%,15.2%,and 23.1%,respectively.Annual crop yield and water use efficiency increased by 8.9%and 15.0%,respectively,in both the single-and double-season subsoiling treatment groups.This study demonstrated the advantages of subsoiling tillage and suggested that it is suitable for crop cultivation in the Haihe Plain,China.

Land and Water Use in Rice-upland Crop Rotation Areas in Lower Ili River Basin, Kazakhstan

The lower Ili River Basin is located in semi-arid area, and the annual rainfall is 177mm. Therefore, the irrigation is inevitable for agriculture. Large-scale irrigated agriculture had been developed since 1960＇s in the lower parts of the river and the total irrigated area is about 32 000 hm2. In the project area, the paddy rice-upland crop rotation has been practiced. Due to the domestic water use for hydropower and agriculture as well as water use among riparian countries, the deficit of water for agriculture in the lower part has been concerned. The authors, therefore, conducted the field survey and water balance analysis of the Akdara irrigation project in the lower Ill River Basin in order to assess the land and water uses. Moreover, the impact of the water use on water environment to the basin was analyzed. The following results were obtained as following （1） the groundwater level in the irrigated district varied from 1.5 m to 3.5 m through year. （2） 1970＇s groundwater level was drastically raised from 8 m to 3 m and the groundwater had been recharged in this period. （3） Water use efficiency of agriculture, which is the ratio of total evapotranspiration to the total water withdrawal was as low as 0.23.

华南双季稻低碳高产栽培技术研究进展

分析了华南双季稻田CH4和N2O排放量,从低碳品种筛选、节水减排灌溉、化肥减量增效等方面介绍了华南双季稻低碳高产关键技术及其集成应用情况。综述了华南双季稻低碳高产栽培技术研究的主要进展、存在问题和今后工作重点。华南双季稻低碳高产栽培技术节水节肥、减排控污、增产增收,实现了低碳与高产的协调,应用前景好。目前,该技术主要存在可用品种少、种植模式单一、推广难度大等问题;今后,在加大政策支持的同时,亟需加强品种筛选、模式集成、基础理论等方面的研究,以确保国家粮食安全,实现碳达峰碳中和的目标。

双季稻田智能灌溉系统应用效果初探

为了明确双季稻田智能灌溉系统的应用效果,于2017—2020年连续4年8季在江西双季稻田开展了智能灌溉系统灌溉和常规有水层灌溉的对比试验,比较分析不同灌溉方式对双季稻产量、品质、水分利用和环境的影响。结果表明:双季稻田智能灌溉系统能根据土壤墒情和天气变量结合双季稻需水规律制定的灌溉规则进行精准灌溉,与常规灌溉相比,智能灌溉系统提高了双季稻产量6.4%~14.3%;并小幅改善了稻米品质,尤其是外观品质,减少了垩白粒率和垩白度;同时还能降低灌水量14.1%~90.8%,降低排水量56.1%~100%,提高水分利用效率0.07~0.59 kg/m^(3),减少径流水中总氮排放47.3%~100%,减少径流水中总磷排放44.5%~100%。综合分析,双季稻田智能灌溉系统值得在南方双季稻区推广应用。

秸秆还田下节水减氮对不同双季稻品种N_(2)O排放的影响及驱动因素

为明确秸秆还田下节水减氮以及高效肥料对不同双季稻品种N_(2)O排放的影响及其关键驱动因素。于2020年开展田间试验,试验采用裂区设计,主区为4个水肥处理:尿素100%+间歇灌溉(U)、尿素80%+秸秆还田+间歇灌溉(US+S)、控释尿素80%+秸秆还田+间歇灌溉(CRUS+S)、尿素80%+秸秆还田+节水灌溉(US+S+SWD),副区为常规稻和杂交稻,共8个处理。监测双季稻生育期内N_(2)O排放规律,分析单位产量N_(2)O排放强度和影响其排放的主要驱动因素。结果表明,灌溉量、碳氮投入和植株吸氮量是调控稻田N_(2)O排放的主导因子,可解释99%的排放变化,其中氮投入增加会促进N_(2)O排放,而灌溉量、碳投入和吸氮量对N_(2)O排放有负向作用。秸秆还田可以补充氮肥减量20%的养分,秸秆还田下常规氮肥或控释氮肥减量施用降低了N_(2)O排放14.4%~49.4%,但CRUS+S较US+S处理促进了N_(2)O排放,表明秸秆还田下施用控释尿素并不能实现N_(2)O减排。秸秆还田后进一步控水促进了N_(2)O排放,相比US+S,US+S+SWD处理显著增加了双季稻N_(2)O的排放114.8%~186.4%,且常规稻增幅大于杂交稻。各处理间产量无显著差异,氮肥减量及进一步控水均可保证稳产,但US+S+SWD处理单位产量N_(2)O排放强度显著高于其他处理。总体而言,秸秆还田搭配减氮20%有助于降低稻田N_(2)O排放,但并不能抵消节水灌溉导致的N_(2)O增长。在水稻生产中合理利用秸秆资源,适当减少氮肥用量可以减少稻田N_(2)O排放并保证稳产。

灌溉和种植方式对双季稻田NH3挥发和N2O排放的影响

【目的】探究种植和灌溉方式对双季稻全生育期水分利用效率以及氮素气态损失的影响。【方法】以双季稻田为研究对象,在江西省灌溉试验中心站研究基地开展大田试验,设置手工栽插(HT)、机械插秧(MT)、抛秧(ST)、直播(DS)四种种植方式,淹水灌溉(FI)和间歇灌溉(II)两种灌溉方式,分析不同种植和灌溉方式对双季稻全生育期水分利用效率以及秧田期、本田期NH3挥发及N2O排放的影响,提出NH3挥发和N2O排放的主要时期。【结果】结果表明:(1)与传统淹水灌溉相比,间歇灌溉下水稻产量略有增加,不同种植方式间产量差异显著,HT最高,DS最低。(2)同一种植方式下,间歇灌溉下N2O排放量较淹水灌溉增加约7.9%~16.4%,同一灌溉方式下,早稻N2O损失量大小为DS>MT>HT>ST,晚稻为DS>HT>MT>ST,早、晚稻N2O排放主要发生在分蘖期、拔节孕穗期、成熟期,3个生育阶段N2O损失量占比超过70%,而育秧期MT、ST占比不到1.5%,HT为6.4%。(3)同一种植方式下,早、晚稻NH3挥发损失量淹水灌溉比间歇灌溉增加了3.0%~30.8%,同一灌溉方式下,DS相比移栽稻显著增加NH3挥发(P<0.05),HT、MT、ST之间无显著差异,NH3挥发峰值均在施肥后3 d内出现,且主要发生在苗期、分蘖期、拔节孕穗期3个时期,其NH3挥发损失量之和占整个生育期NH3挥发损失量80%以上,育秧期MT、ST占比不到2%,HT达4.2%。【结论】在不同种植方式下,间歇灌溉方式会提高双季稻产量和N2O排放,但会降低NH3挥发,从早、晚稻生育阶段来看,N2O损失主要发生在生育前期和后期,NH3挥发损失主要发生在生育前中期,且育秧期NH3挥发和N2O排放占比较低,DS在显著降低产量的同时带来了更高的N2O排放和NH3挥发。

耕作方式对华北一年两熟区土壤及作物特性的影响

为了研究不同耕作方式在华北一年两熟区的适应性,设置深松、旋耕、传统翻耕、免耕4种不同耕作方式,分析耕作方式对土壤水稳团聚体、容重、含水率、土壤温度和植株生长特性的影响。结果表明:免耕、深松可分别提高0~10 cm、10~30 cm土层内粒径大于0.25 mm水稳团聚体的含量;随土层深度的增加,土壤容重增大,其中旋耕、深松分别降低0~10 cm、10~30 cm土层的容重,在0~20 cm土层免耕的容重最大,20 cm以下,旋耕、翻耕、免耕间容重的差异不明显;深松有较好的蓄水保墒能力,其中10~30 cm土层的效果最好,0~30 cm土层的含水率分别比翻耕、旋耕、免耕高2.5%、1.6%、0.4%;翻耕的土壤温度受气温影响的变化幅度最大,免耕的变化幅度和日平均土壤温度最小;深松可促进玉米前期的生长,免耕促进后期生长,且深松能提高冬小麦的产量。

环渤海低平原农田多水源高效利用机理和技术研究

淡水资源严重匮乏是影响环渤海低平原粮食生产可持续发展的重要限制因素。本文针对该区粮食生产中水分利用效率低、提升潜力巨大,同时该区浅层微咸水资源和降水资源较丰富的现状,以中国科学院南皮生态农业试验站最近3年试验研究结果为基础,综述了在挖掘咸水利用潜力、提高雨水和灌溉水利用效率方面研究工作进展。针对冬小麦夏玉米一年两作种植,研究结果显示品种间产量和水分利用效率(WUE)差异显著,最高和最低品种差异达20%左右,通过选用节水高产品种可显著提升产量和WUE;冬小麦通过拔节期灌溉关键水,在促进地上部生物量积累同时,显著促进地下根系生长,使冬小麦充分利用土壤储水,实现限水灌溉下稳产高效;夏玉米通过缩小行距增大株距的缩行匀播,可提升夏玉米苗期单株作物根系所占土壤体积空间,增加水分养分对作物的有效性,提高夏玉米成苗率和苗期所截获辐射量,比常规种植产量提高10%左右;冬小麦在拔节期利用含盐量不大于4 g×L^(-1)的浅层微咸水替代淡水灌溉,产量与淡水灌溉相同;浅层微咸水替代淡水灌溉并配套土壤有机质提升技术和利用夏季降水淋盐,可实现微咸水灌溉下周年土壤盐分平衡。通过上述措施实施,实现以咸补淡、以淡调盐、多水源互补高效利用,在不影响作物产量条件下可节约深层淡水资源,促进区域灌溉农业可持续发展。

微咸水灌溉对土壤盐分平衡与作物产量的影响

河北低平原淡水资源短缺,微咸水资源丰富,合理开发利用微咸水已经成为缓解水资源供需矛盾的重要途径之一。本研究于2011—2015年在河北省沧州市中国科学院南皮生态农业试验站进行,以冬小麦和夏玉米一年两熟种植体系为研究对象,开展了河北低平原区实施微咸水灌溉对冬小麦及下茬作物夏玉米产量及灌溉对土壤盐分周年平衡的影响。2013—2014年冬小麦灌溉处理设雨养旱作处理(CK)、拔节期淡水灌溉1水(F1)、拔节期用2 g·L^(-1)、3 g·L^(-1)、4 g·L^(-1)、5 g·L^(-1)的微咸水灌溉1次(B21、B31、B41、B51)、拔节期和灌浆期用淡水灌溉(F2)、拔节期用3 g·L^(-1)的微咸水+灌浆期用淡水灌溉(B31F1)、拔节期用淡水+灌浆期用3 g·L^(-1)微咸水灌溉(F1B31)、拔节期和灌浆期都用3 g·L^(-1)的微咸水灌溉(B32)、拔节期、抽穗期和灌浆期都用淡水灌溉(F3)。2014—2015年根据上年度的试验结果对试验处理进行了精简,冬小麦灌溉处理设CK、F1、B31、B41、B51、B42(拔节期和灌浆期都用4 g·L^(-1)的微咸水灌溉)。结果表明,一般年型下冬小麦生育期灌溉2水就能获得高产和稳产,平均产量为6 593.4 kg·hm^(-2)。利用小于5 g·L^(-1)的微咸水灌溉,与淡水灌溉相比,不会造成冬小麦产量降低,灌溉1次微咸水比雨养旱作处理增产10%~30%,可用微咸水替代1次淡水。微咸水灌溉条件下冬小麦收获时土壤盐分有所积累,表层土壤含盐量大于1 g·L^(-1),影响下茬玉米的出苗和生长,但夏玉米播种后用675~750 m3·hm-2淡水灌溉可满足耕层淋盐需求,达到玉米生长的安全阈值,与淡水灌溉处理的玉米产量相比不减产。利用夏季降雨,可使土壤盐分得到淋洗,当夏季降雨量大于300 mm时,冬小麦微咸水灌溉下土壤盐分达到周年平衡。沧州地区73%以上的年份,夏季降雨量大于300 mm,为土壤淋盐创造了条件,保证了微咸水替代一次淡水灌溉的安全性。

控释氮肥对洞庭湖区双季稻田表面水氮素动态及其径流损失的影响

用渗漏池模拟洞庭湖区2种主要稻田土壤(河沙泥和紫潮泥),研究了施用尿素(CF)和控释氮肥(CRNF)对双季稻田表面水pH、电导率(EC)、全氮(TN)、铵态氮(NH4+-N)和硝态氮(NO3--N)浓度变化规律及TN径流损失的影响.结果表明,双季稻田施用尿素后,表面水TN、NH4+-N浓度分别在第1、3天达到高峰,然后迅速下降;NO3--N浓度普遍很低;早稻表面水pH在施用尿素后15d内(晚稻3d)逐渐升高;EC与NH4+动态变化一致.与尿素相比,施用CRNF能显著降低双季稻田表面水pH、EC、TN和NH4+-N浓度,70%N控释氮肥的控制效果最显著;但后期NO3--N浓度略有升高.径流监测结果表明,洞庭湖区种植双季稻期间施用尿素的TN径流损失为7.70kg.hm-2,占施氮量的2.57%;施肥后20d内发生的径流事件对双季稻田TN径流损失的贡献极为显著;与施用尿素相比,施用控释氮肥显著降低了施肥后10d内发生的第1次径流液中的TN浓度,施用CRNF和70%NCRNF的氮素径流损失分别降低24.5%和27.2%.

黄土高原半湿润区旱地一年两熟复种模式土壤水分效应

以冬小麦—夏闲种植模式为对照,比较了不同作物种植模式的土壤水分动态、作物耗水量及作物产量等指标。研究了旱地＂一年两熟＂种植模式的农田土壤水分动态及耗水规律,揭示了不同种植模式对土壤水分的影响机理。结果表明：旱地一年两熟种植模式具有较好的水分利用效率和经济效益,4种一年两熟种植模式的水分利用效率和经济效益较对照分别高48.4%-107.5%和62.3%-119.2%;发展旱地复种对土壤水分的影响程度有限,各复种处理与对照相比,水分差异主要存在于1 m以下的深层土壤;冬小麦—芝麻、冬小麦—大豆、冬小麦—玉米3种作物模式的全季度耗水强度仅较对照分别高0.05、0.07和0.09 mm/d。综合经济效益及土壤水分可利用性分析,冬小麦—玉米模式的经济产量、收益最佳,冬小麦—大豆则为水分生产效益次佳,但显著降低了对土壤水分的消耗。

耕作方式对华北冬小麦?夏玉米周年产量和水分利用的影响

在冬小麦季设置秸秆不还田翻耕（CT）、秸秆还田翻耕（CTS）、秸秆还田旋耕（RTS）和免耕秸秆覆盖（NTS）4种处理，研究耕作方式对华北小麦一玉米两熟区作物周年产量和水分利用的影响。结果表明：耕作方式对当季冬小麦产量和水分利用影响显著，对夏玉米产量和水分利用影响不大，但秸秆还田提高了夏玉米产量。RTS、CTS、CT3个处理小麦季产量差异不显著，而NTS由于有效穗数不足，产量显著低于其他处理；与CT相比，NTS周年产量平均减产5．13％，RTS增产2．69％，CTS增产2．33％。耕作方式对当季小麦土壤水分含量影响大，而对后茬夏玉米土壤水分含量的影响较小。NTS提高了小麦季土壤水分含量，增加了土壤储水量，与CT相比，0～60cm土壤储水量2010年和2011年分别增加39．07mm和26．65mm。从耗水构成来看，土壤水在冬小麦耗水中所占比例最大，其次为灌水和降水；而夏玉米耗水以降水为主，且降水中有一部分转化为土壤水储存起来。NTS提高了冬小麦季土壤储水量，降低了土壤水分的消耗，冬小麦季耗水最少。与CT相比，NTS小麦季平均节水22．40mm，周年耗水量也以NTS最少；但NTS冬小麦产量降低导致其小麦季和周年水分利用效率均最低。从作物周年产量和水分利用的角度来看，如何提高免耕秸秆覆盖小麦季产量，进而提高周年产量，发挥其节水优势，是该耕作模式在华北地区冬小麦一夏玉米两熟区推广应用亟需解决的关键问题。