High Efficiency Double–Fed Induction Generator Applied to Wind Power Generator Technical Analyses

High efficiency Double-Fed Induction Generator applies new power electronic technology, and utilizes vector control to fix the magnetic direction of the stator to the vertical axis. Adjusting the input current of rotor via an inverter can separately control the cross axis and vertical axis current of real power and reactive power of a generator. Traditionally, rotating speed affects frequency and the output is unstable. This study concentrates on high efficiency Double-Fed Induction Generators and Traditional Generators from mathematic model to derive and control the characteristics simulation and comparison than get an output of high efficiency Double-Fed Industrial Generators. This study utilizes the simulation software MATLAB/Simulink to simulate the response characteristics of vector control of a Double-Fed Industrial Generator. The operating and control functions are better than those of a traditional generator.

Steady State Analysis of a Doubly Fed Induction Generator

In this paper, we present the steady state analysis of a double-fed induction generator (DFIG) adopted for wind power generation. The three-phase induction machine connected to the network, to work as a generator for wind farms, is excited on the rotor circuit by a slip-frequency current injected to the rotor, from an exciter mounted on the same shaft of the machine. The resulting rotating magnetic field rotates at synchronous speed;as such the generated power has a constant frequency independent of the shaft speed. Effects of the excitation voltage magnitude and phase angle on the active and reactive power are studied, when the machine runs at constant speed. It has been shown that by controlling the excitation voltage magnitude and phase angle would control the mode of operation of the machine;motor mode or generator mode. Furthermore, the effects of the shaft speed on the active and reactive power at constant excitation voltage magnitude and constant phase angle are also investigated.

An analytic electromagnetic calculation method for performance evolution of doubly fed induction generators for wind turbines

An analytic electromagnetic calculation method for doubly fed induction generator(DFIG) in wind turbine system was presented. Based on the operation principles, steady state equivalent circuit and basic equations of DFIG, the modeling for electromagnetic calculation of DFIG was proposed. The electromagnetic calculation of DFIG was divided into three steps: the magnetic flux calculation, parameters derivation and performance checks. For each step, the detailed numeric calculation formulas were all derived. Combining the calculation formulas, the whole electromagnetic calculation procedure was established, which consisted of three iterative calculation loops, including magnetic saturation coefficient, electromotive force and total output power. All of the electromagnetic and performance data of DIFG can be calculated conveniently by the established calculation procedure, which can be used to evaluate the new designed machine. A 1.5 MW DFIG designed by the proposed procedure was built, for which the whole type tests including no-load test, load test and temperature rising test were carried out. The test results have shown that the DFIG satisfies technical requirements and the test data fit well with the calculation results which prove the correctness of the presented calculation method.

Effects of Wind Turbines Equipped with Doubly-fed Induction Generators on Distance Protection

Nowadays wind energy is the fastest growing renewable energy resource in the world.The problems of integrating wind farms are caused by changes of wind speed during a day.Moreover,the behaviors of wind turbines equipped with doubly-fed induction generators differ fundamentally from synchronous generators.Therefore,more considerations are needed to analyze the performances of the distance protection relays.The protection of a wind farm with distance relay is inspected.By changing the conditions of the wind farm,the characteristics of the distance relay are studied.

Control of Doubly Fed Induction Generator under Unbalanced Voltages for Reduction of Torque Pulsation

The unbalanced voltages cause negative effects on the doubly fed induction generator （DFIG） sucn as torque pulsation,and increased stator current. Based on the symmetrical component theory, the torque pulsation is the consequence of the interaction of stator and rotor currents of different sequences. This paper presents a control technique to reduce the effect of unbalanced voltages on the DFIG in wind energy conversion systems. The negative sequence stator voltage is derived from the unbalanced three phase stator voltages. The compensated rotor voltage in terms of the derived negative sequence stator voltage and slip which minimizes the negative stator and rotor currents is proposed. The results from the simulation of control system with steady state model and dynamic model of the DFIG show that additional control loop with compensated voltage can significantly reduce torque and reactive power pulsations.

适应并离网模式切换的DFIG电磁暂态仿真建模

目前,常用的商业仿真软件中的双馈式感应发电机(double-fed Induction Generator,DFIG)模型通常不支持离网运行模式,难以实现风力发电系统由离网到并网的全过程电磁暂态仿真,对电力系统仿真分析工作带来极大不便。研究适应并离网模式切换的DFIG电磁暂态仿真建模方法。基于模块化思想分别对风力机、异步电机、变流器以及断路器进行建模,在系统组装形成DFIG风力发电系统电磁暂态仿真模型。提出了适应并离网模式切换的DFIG受控源等效电路模型和离散时间域实现方法,通过设计状态变量矩阵元素的截取和扩充算法实现了模型在并离网模式下的无缝衔接。在MATLAB/Simulink中搭建DFIG发电系统模型对所提方法和模型进行验证,仿真结果表明,所提建模方法能够很好地支持DFIG离网运行模式,实现DFIG由离网到并网的全过程电磁暂态仿真。

计及风力发电机转速安全约束的DFIG一次调频模型预测控制策略

针对传统方法控制双馈感应发电机(DFIG)的调频效果过于依赖参数整定的问题,该文提出了一种基于模型预测控制(MPC),计及转速安全约束的风力发电机参与一次调频控制策略。该方法结合风力发电机动力学模型与频率响应模型建立预测模型,通过线性回归方法变参考值将风力发电机转速的稳定性纳入考虑。相较于虚拟惯性控制等方法将系统频率偏差与转子动能直接关联,该文方法通过建立全新的预测模型,实时统筹考虑整个系统的状态信息,无需反复调整参数,在考虑转速安全性的同时兼顾全局性能。最后,通过实际算例分析验证了该文调频策略的有效性以及相对现有方法的优越性。

Reactive Current Allocation and Control Strategies Improvement of Low Voltage Ride Though for Doubly Fed Induction Wind Turbine Generation System

为满足风电机组低电压穿越（low voltage ride through,LVRT）的测试要求及其电气模型一致性评估需要,提出考虑向电网注入无功电流的双馈风电机组LVRT的控制策略。在阐述风电机组LVRT测试要求及控制原理的基础上,推导双馈发电机（doubly fed induction generator,DFIG）定子侧及网侧变流器输出无功电流极限表达式,研究电网电压跌落深度和发电机总输出有功功率对其无功电流极限值的影响规律,进而提出DFIG在LVRT期间的无功电流分配算法和改进的有功、无功功率控制策略。最后,以某实际2 MW双馈风电机组为例,分别对风速为5和12 m/s、电网电压对称跌落至20%和50%工况下的LVRT运行性能进行仿真比较和样机测试。与传统LVRT控制方法的对比表明,所提改进控制策略能更好地满足风电机组LVRT的测试要求。样机测试结果进一步证明了改进控制策略和仿真模型的有效性。

一种多地DFIG联动控制的多馈入受端系统连续换相失败抑制策略

我国沿海负荷中心呈现直流多馈入的结构特征,海上风电的大规模开发使得系统在非正常工况下容易诱发次同步振荡,电压的快速波动可能会造成连续换相。针对该现象进行机理分析,通过优化双馈风电机组(doubly fed induction generator,DFIG)的控制方法,有效抑制了次同步振荡。同时,针对不同区域风电场调节能力差异,通过关联各直流落点的多馈入交互作用因子(multi-infeed interaction factor,MIIF),充分调动不同区域风电场的补偿能力抬升系统电压。该方法有效地抑制直流多馈入系统的异地连续换相失败。最后,通过PSCAD仿真对比验证所提策略的有效性。

不平衡电压下的DFIG模型预测直接功率控制

为提高双馈风力发电机在不平衡电网电压工况下的运行性能,提出一种扩张状态观测器与模型预测控制相结合的直接功率控制策略。首先,采用扩张状态观测器对系统中因负序分量引起的不确定项、模型误差及外部扰动等不确定因素进行参数估计。然后,结合模型预测控制理论建立双馈风力发电机模型预测直接功率控制数学模型。最后,针对不平衡电网电压下的功率振荡分量讨论功率优化补偿方案。仿真结果验证了所提方法的有效性。

基于LESO的DFIG-GSC反馈线性化直接功率控制

为了提高双馈风力发电机网侧变换器(DFIG-GSC)这个强耦合非线性系统的性能,提出了一种反馈线性化直接功率控制策略。首先在αβ坐标系下建立以有功功率、无功功率为变量的DFIG-GSC的数学模型,针对模型中的强耦合项采用反馈线性化进行解耦,得到其线性模型,再结合滑模控制理论设计出功率内环的控制律。由于功率内环控制律中未建模部分和不确定因素会对控制效果产生影响,采用线性扩张状态观测器对其进行观测并对其控制量进行修正。同时电压外环采用滑模控制来提高直流侧电压的响应速度。最后搭建仿真模型与传统PI控制以及直接功率控制进行比较,验证了所提控制策略的合理性和有效性。

适用于DFIG连接到直流微网的双变换器设计与实现

针对双馈感应式发电机DFIG(doubly-fed induction generator)-DC连接系统电流谐波严重、双VSI连接系统损耗大等问题,设计了1种将三相DFIG连接到直流微电网的新型双变换器连接系统。首先,详细阐述了双变换器连接系统的拓扑结构、脉宽调制PWM(pulse-width modulation)测量和DFIG模型等工作原理。与传统连接系统不同,所提连接系统采用开放端绕组结构,在定子绕组的每一侧使用1个三桥臂整流器,这些桥臂通常由绝缘栅双极晶体管IGBT(insulated gate bipolar transistor)组成,为了减少控制开关的数量和降低成本,采用二极管替代了1个整流器中的IGBT;然后,给出了新型拓扑结构下SSC和RSC的控制策略;接着,与DFIG-DC连接系统和双VSI连接系统在电流谐波畸变、转矩脉动和半导体损耗等方面进行了仿真比较,说明所提方法优越性;最后,针对0.56 kW DFIG进行实验验证,结果表明了所提方法在损耗、谐波以及转矩脉动的优势。

Small Signal Stability Analysis of DFIG Fed Wind Power System Using a Robust Fuzzy Logic Controller

This paper focuses on the small signal stability analysis of Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) fed wind power system under three modes of operation. The system stability is affected by the influence of electromechanical oscillations, which can be damped using Power System Stabilizer (PSS). A detailed modeling of DFIG fed wind system including controller has been carried out. The damping controller is designed using fuzzy logic to damp the oscillatory modes for stability. The robust performance of the system with controllers has been evaluated using eigen value analysis and time domain simulations under various disturbances and wind speeds. The effectiveness of the proposed fuzzy based PSS is compared with the performance of conventional PSS implemented in the wind system.

双馈异步发电机定子匝间短路对并联支路环流特性的影响

分析了双馈异步发电机定子匝间短路故障前后的定子绕组并联支路环流特性。首先对正常情况和匝间短路情况下气隙磁通密度表达式进行了推导,得到了并联支路环流的解析表达式;然后建立了故障前后的二维有限元计算模型并对并联支路环流进行求解计算;最后在故障模拟发电机组上完成了实验验证,所得实验结果与理论推导及有限元仿真结果基本吻合。结果表明:正常情况下发电机定子绕组无并联支路环流,而单条支路短路故障发生后并联支路内出现环流,其频率成分为f、f_()u、(1+(n±x)(1-s))f,并且随着故障程度的加剧各并联支路环流频率成分幅值将会增加;两条并联支路发生相同程度短路故障后无并联支路环流。

VSCF-DFIG在电压瞬间跌落情况下的应对策略

变速恒频(VSCF)双馈感应发电机(DFIG)在电网电压跌落的情况下,通过连接在转子绕组上的电阻来为电压跌落期间在转子侧产生的浪涌电流提供一条通路,从而达到限制转子回路最大电流的目的。在电网需要时,快速向电网提供无功功率,调节电网电压和稳定弱电网。通过保持系统稳定性,减少电压崩溃的危险,降低电网解列的影响。所有结果通过了仿真验证。

电网电压不对称故障条件下DFIG风电机组控制策略

提出了一种可应用于双馈异步发电机(DFIG)转子侧变换器的新型电流控制器,即双dq-PI转子电流调节器。在电网电压不对称故障条件下,该电流调节器可对DFIG的转子电流正、负序分量同时进行控制。推导了电网电压不对称故障条件下DFIG的数学模型,根据风力发电机在电网电压不对称故障条件下的运行规程,提出了4种控制目标,同时基于正序定子电压定向简化并得到了转子电流调节器的正、负序电流参考给定量。在一台额定功率为10kW的DFIG实验机组上,对所提出的转子电流控制器进行了实验验证,结果表明基于该控制器的控制方案可大大改善DFIG系统在电网电压不对称故障条件下的运行性能,提高系统的故障穿越能力。

考虑DFIG机组容量限制的风电场功率分配方法

当风电场参与系统的有功无功控制时,它将面临如何将有功无功调度指令分配到底层风电机组的问题。针对DFIG风电场,介绍了DFIG的基本有功无功解耦控制框架。考虑到DFIG机组的额定容量限制,根据有功可能出力大的机组所分担的有功多,有功出力多的机组所分担的无功少这一原则,采用一种简单有效的风电场有功无功分配算法,可以合理利用各台机组的有功无功容量,减少视在功率饱和。在设计分配算法时,提出一种修正有功无功指令的方案,以消除因风电场内部有功无功损耗所引起的跟踪误差。利用Matlab/SimpowerSystems软件进行了仿真试验,仿真结果验证了该功率分配方法及修正指令方案的可行性。

应用于DFIG风电场的VSC-HVDC控制策略

随着风力发电的快速发展,如何连接风电场和电网成为至关重要的问题。研究了基于双馈感应电机(DFIG)的风电场连接方式及控制策略,通过与交流输电和电流源型高压直流输电(CSC- HVDC)的比较,说明电压源型高压直流输电(VSC-HVDC)技术在连接风电场与电网方面具有独特优势。在换流站的dq解耦控制基础上,对DFIG与VSC-HVDC的换流站的控制设计进行了研究。利用PSCAD/EMTDC平台对该方案进行了仿真研究。仿真结果表明,该方案可以实现一个换流站连接多台DFIG的结构,并具有良好的控制效果。

改进的DFIG与VSC-HVDC协调控制改善风电场低电压穿越能力

经VSC-HVDC并网风电系统在风电场侧故障时,风电机组出口母线电压过低,极易引起风力机脱网。而双馈风力发电机(DFIG)传统的Crowbar技术在故障时将转子侧变流器(RSC)短接,使发电机定子侧失去了为电网提供无功的能力,风力机的低电压穿越能力较低。提出一种改进的DFIG模型,加入了主动式DC-Chopper,与传统的Crowbar相配合,降低Crowbar动作的概率,使得DFIG转子侧变流器可以控制定子侧在故障时期继续提供无功功率。并利用此改进的DFIG与VSC-HVDC协调控制,改善风电场侧母线电压水平。通过算例仿真表明,在严重故障时采用改进式DFIG的Crowbar仍未动作。从而大大降低Crowbar动作的概率,双馈风电机组RSC故障期间可以继续投入运行并为电网提供无功支持。完成故障期间DFIG两侧变流器与VSC-HVDC风电场侧变流器(WFVSC)之间的无功协调,使风电场具有更好的低电压穿越能力(Low Voltage Ride Though,LVRT)。