Significantly increasing temperature since the 1980s in China has become a consensus under the background of global climate change and how climate change affects agriculture or even cropping systems has attracted more...Significantly increasing temperature since the 1980s in China has become a consensus under the background of global climate change and how climate change affects agriculture or even cropping systems has attracted more and more attention from Chinese government and scientists. In this study, the possible effects of climate warming on the national northern limits of cropping systems, the northern limits of winter wheat and double rice, and the stable-yield northern limits of rainfed winter wheat-summer maize rotation in China from 1981 to 2007 were analyzed. Also, the possible change of crop yield caused by planting limits displacement during the periods 1950s-1981 and 1981-2007 was compared and discussed. The recognized calculation methods of agricultural climatic indices were employed. According to the indices of climatic regionalization for cropping systems, the national northern limits of cropping systems, winter wheat and double rice, and the stable-yield northern limits of rainfed winter wheat-summer maize rotation during two periods, including the 1950s-1980 and 1981-2007, were drawn with ArcGIS software. Compared with the situation during the 1950s- 1980, the northern limits of double cropping system during 1981-2007 showed significant spatial displacement in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, and Liaoning provinces and Beijing municipality, China. The northern limits of triple cropping system showed the maximum spatial displacement in Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang provinces, China. Without considering variety change and social economic factors, the per unit area grain yield of main planting patterns would increase about 54-106% if single cropping system was replaced by double cropping system, which turned out to be 27- 58% if double cropping system was replaced by triple cropping system. In Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Qinghai provinces, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia autonomous regions, China, the northern limits of winter wheat during 1981-2007 moved northward and expanded westward in different degrees, compared with those during the 1950s-1980. Taking Hebei Province as an example, the northern limits of winter wheat moved northward, and the per unit area grain yield would averagely increase about 25% in the change region if the spring wheat was replaced by winter wheat. In Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei, and Hunan provinces, China, the planting northern limits of double rice moved northward, and the per unit area grain yield would increase in different degrees only from the perspective of heat resource. The stable- yield northern limits of rainfed winter wheat-summer maize rotation moved southeastward in most regions, which was caused by the decrease of local precipitation in recent years. During the past 50 yr, climate warming made the national northern limits of cropping systems move northward in different degrees, the northern limits of winter wheat and double rice both moved northward, and the cropping system change would cause the increase of per unit area grain yield in the change region. However, the stable-yield northern limits of rainfed winter wheat-summer maize rotation moved southeastward due to the decrease of precipitation.展开更多
目的:观察一清双解胶囊和片剂治疗急性上呼吸道感染(风温病热在肺卫证)的疗效,并对其安全性作出评价。方法:采用多中心随机对照双盲双模拟试验,对急性上呼吸道感染(风温病热在肺卫证)患者360例,按1∶1∶1比例随机分为一清双解胶囊组(治...目的:观察一清双解胶囊和片剂治疗急性上呼吸道感染(风温病热在肺卫证)的疗效,并对其安全性作出评价。方法:采用多中心随机对照双盲双模拟试验,对急性上呼吸道感染(风温病热在肺卫证)患者360例,按1∶1∶1比例随机分为一清双解胶囊组(治疗组A)120例,一清双解片剂组(治疗组B)120例及柴黄片组(对照组)120例。治疗组分别给予一清双解胶囊或片剂,每次3粒(片),每日3次;对照组给予柴黄片,每次3片,每日3次。疗程均为5d。观察治疗前后症状、体征变化和有无不良反应,并进行血、尿、大便常规,肝肾功能及心电图检查。结果:纳入患者360例,剔除3例,脱落18例,最终进入意向性(intention-to-treat,ITT)分析343例,符合方案集(per-protocol population set,PPS)分析339例。其中上呼吸道感染疗效:ITT显示,治疗组A总显效率84.96%,总有效率为96.46%;治疗组B分别为85.48%,97.45%;对照组分别为72.58%,99.12%。PPS显示,治疗组A总显效率87.27%,总有效率97.27%;治疗组B分别为86.20%,97.41%;对照组分别为72.58%,99.12%。试验组(胶囊、片剂)疾病疗效优于对照组(P<0.05),ITT与PPS结果一致。中医证候疗效:ITT显示,治疗组A愈显率84.07%,总有效率96.46%;治疗组B分别为88.89%,97.44%;对照组分别为72.58%,99.12%。PPS显示,治疗组A愈显率85.46%,总有效率97.27%;治疗组B分别为89.65%,97.41%;对照组分别为72.58%,99.12%。试验组(胶囊、片剂)中医证候疗效优于对照组(P<0.05),ITT与PPS结果一致。观察中未发现明显不良反应。结论:一清双解胶囊和片剂治疗急性上呼吸道感染热在肺卫证疗效确切,未发现明显毒副作用。展开更多
基金funded by the Mode Construction of Modern Farming System and Supporting Technology Research and Demonstration, China (200803028)
文摘Significantly increasing temperature since the 1980s in China has become a consensus under the background of global climate change and how climate change affects agriculture or even cropping systems has attracted more and more attention from Chinese government and scientists. In this study, the possible effects of climate warming on the national northern limits of cropping systems, the northern limits of winter wheat and double rice, and the stable-yield northern limits of rainfed winter wheat-summer maize rotation in China from 1981 to 2007 were analyzed. Also, the possible change of crop yield caused by planting limits displacement during the periods 1950s-1981 and 1981-2007 was compared and discussed. The recognized calculation methods of agricultural climatic indices were employed. According to the indices of climatic regionalization for cropping systems, the national northern limits of cropping systems, winter wheat and double rice, and the stable-yield northern limits of rainfed winter wheat-summer maize rotation during two periods, including the 1950s-1980 and 1981-2007, were drawn with ArcGIS software. Compared with the situation during the 1950s- 1980, the northern limits of double cropping system during 1981-2007 showed significant spatial displacement in Shaanxi, Shanxi, Hebei, and Liaoning provinces and Beijing municipality, China. The northern limits of triple cropping system showed the maximum spatial displacement in Hunan, Hubei, Anhui, Jiangsu, and Zhejiang provinces, China. Without considering variety change and social economic factors, the per unit area grain yield of main planting patterns would increase about 54-106% if single cropping system was replaced by double cropping system, which turned out to be 27- 58% if double cropping system was replaced by triple cropping system. In Liaoning, Hebei, Shanxi, Shaanxi, Gansu, and Qinghai provinces, Inner Mongolia and Ningxia autonomous regions, China, the northern limits of winter wheat during 1981-2007 moved northward and expanded westward in different degrees, compared with those during the 1950s-1980. Taking Hebei Province as an example, the northern limits of winter wheat moved northward, and the per unit area grain yield would averagely increase about 25% in the change region if the spring wheat was replaced by winter wheat. In Zhejiang, Anhui, Hubei, and Hunan provinces, China, the planting northern limits of double rice moved northward, and the per unit area grain yield would increase in different degrees only from the perspective of heat resource. The stable- yield northern limits of rainfed winter wheat-summer maize rotation moved southeastward in most regions, which was caused by the decrease of local precipitation in recent years. During the past 50 yr, climate warming made the national northern limits of cropping systems move northward in different degrees, the northern limits of winter wheat and double rice both moved northward, and the cropping system change would cause the increase of per unit area grain yield in the change region. However, the stable-yield northern limits of rainfed winter wheat-summer maize rotation moved southeastward due to the decrease of precipitation.
文摘目的:观察一清双解胶囊和片剂治疗急性上呼吸道感染(风温病热在肺卫证)的疗效,并对其安全性作出评价。方法:采用多中心随机对照双盲双模拟试验,对急性上呼吸道感染(风温病热在肺卫证)患者360例,按1∶1∶1比例随机分为一清双解胶囊组(治疗组A)120例,一清双解片剂组(治疗组B)120例及柴黄片组(对照组)120例。治疗组分别给予一清双解胶囊或片剂,每次3粒(片),每日3次;对照组给予柴黄片,每次3片,每日3次。疗程均为5d。观察治疗前后症状、体征变化和有无不良反应,并进行血、尿、大便常规,肝肾功能及心电图检查。结果:纳入患者360例,剔除3例,脱落18例,最终进入意向性(intention-to-treat,ITT)分析343例,符合方案集(per-protocol population set,PPS)分析339例。其中上呼吸道感染疗效:ITT显示,治疗组A总显效率84.96%,总有效率为96.46%;治疗组B分别为85.48%,97.45%;对照组分别为72.58%,99.12%。PPS显示,治疗组A总显效率87.27%,总有效率97.27%;治疗组B分别为86.20%,97.41%;对照组分别为72.58%,99.12%。试验组(胶囊、片剂)疾病疗效优于对照组(P<0.05),ITT与PPS结果一致。中医证候疗效:ITT显示,治疗组A愈显率84.07%,总有效率96.46%;治疗组B分别为88.89%,97.44%;对照组分别为72.58%,99.12%。PPS显示,治疗组A愈显率85.46%,总有效率97.27%;治疗组B分别为89.65%,97.41%;对照组分别为72.58%,99.12%。试验组(胶囊、片剂)中医证候疗效优于对照组(P<0.05),ITT与PPS结果一致。观察中未发现明显不良反应。结论:一清双解胶囊和片剂治疗急性上呼吸道感染热在肺卫证疗效确切,未发现明显毒副作用。
