Shake table study on precast segmental concrete double-column piers

Seismic capacity,including the ultimate load-carrying capacity and ultimate deformation capacity of precast segmental concrete double-column(PSCDC)piers with steel sleeve(SS)connection or grouted corrugated-metal duct(GCMD)connection,has been verified to be similar to those of cast-in-place(CIP)piers by quasi-static tests.However,the lack of knowledge of seismic response characteristics and damage process of PSCDC piers has limited their application in high-intensity seismic areas.Therefore,shake table tests,using variable types and intensities of seismic ground motions,were performed to investigate the seismic behavior of connection joints and to evaluate the seismic performance of PSCDC piers with SS and GCMD connections.Also,a finite element analysis(FEA)model was developed to study the influence of design parameters on the seismic behavior of the piers.The results showed that the main damage in PSCDC piers was caused by the cyclic opening and closing of connection joints.Under high-intensity ground motions,the PSCDC piers had a lower seismic performance than the CIP piers due to a significant decrease of their integrity and stiffness.The seismic performance of PSCDC piers is comparable to CIP piers when using an appropriate initial stress of the prestressing tendons.

Hysteretic behavior of post-tensioned precast segmental CFT double-column piers

Considering the desirable behavior of concrete filled steel tube(CFT)columns and the complicated behavior of segmental double-column piers under cyclic loads,three post-tensioned precast segmental CFT double-column pier specimens were tested to extend their application in moderate and high seismicity areas.The effects of the number of CFT segments and the steel endplates as energy dissipaters on the seismic behavior of the piers were evaluated.The experimental results show that the segmental piers exhibited stable hysteretic behavior with small residual displacements under cyclic loads.All the tested specimens achieved a drift ratio no less than 13%without significant damage and strength deterioration due to the desirable behavior of CFT columns.Since the deformation of segmental columns was mainly concentrated at the column-footing interfaces,the increase of the segment numbers for each column had no obvious effects on the loading capacity but reduced the initial stiffness of the specimens.The use of steel endplates improved the bearing capacity,stiffness and energy dissipation of segmental piers,but weakened their self-centering capacity.Fiber models were also proposed to simulate the hysteretic behavior of the tested specimens,and the influences of segment numbers and prestress levels on seismic behavior were further studied.

A Damage Control Model for Reinforced Concrete Pier Columns Based on Pre-Damage Tests under Cyclic Reverse Loading

To mitigate the challenges in managing the damage level of reinforced concrete(RC)pier columns subjected to cyclic reverse loading,this study conducted a series of cyclic reverse tests on RC pier columns.By analyzing the outcomes of destructive testing on various specimens and fine-tuning the results with the aid of the IMK(Ibarra Medina Krawinkler)recovery model,the energy dissipation capacity coefficient of the pier columns were able to be determined.Furthermore,utilizing the calibrated damage model parameters,the damage index for each specimen were calculated.Based on the obtained damage levels,three distinct pre-damage conditions were designed for the pier columns:minor damage,moderate damage,and severe damage.The study then predicted the variations in hysteresis curves and damage indices under cyclic loading conditions.The experimental findings reveal that the displacement at the top of the pier columns can serve as a reliable indicator for controlling the damage level of pier columns post-loading.Moreover,the calibrated damage index model exhibits proficiency in accurately predicting the damage level of RC pier columns under cyclic loading.

Influence of pier height on the safety of trains running on high-speed railway bridges during earthquakes

Sudden earthquakes pose a threat to the running safety of trains on high-speed railway bridges,and the stiffness of piers is one of the factors affecting the dynamic response of train-track-bridge system.In this paper,a experiment of a train running on a high-speed railway bridge is performed based on a dynamic experiment system,and the corresponding numerical model is established.The reliability of the numerical model is verified by experiments.Then,the experiment and numerical data are analyzed to reveal the pier height effects on the running safety of trains on bridges.The results show that when the pier height changes,the frequency of the bridge below the 30 m pier height changes greater;the increase of pier height causes the transverse fundamental frequency of the bridge close to that of the train,and the shaking angle and lateral displacement of the train are the largest for bridge with 50 m pier,which increases the risk of derailment;with the pier height increases from 8 m to 50 m,the derailment coefficient obtained by numerical simulations increases by 75% on average,and the spectral intensity obtained by experiments increases by 120% on average,two indicators exhibit logarithmic variation.

Reliability-based life-cycle cost seismic design optimization of coastal bridge piers with nonuniform corrosion using different materials

Reinforcement corrosion is the main cause of performance deterioration of reinforced concrete(RC)structures.Limited research has been performed to investigate the life-cycle cost(LCC)of coastal bridge piers with nonuniform corrosion using different materials.In this study,a reliability-based design optimization(RBDO)procedure is improved for the design of coastal bridge piers using six groups of commonly used materials,i.e.,normal performance concrete(NPC)with black steel(BS)rebar,high strength steel(HSS)rebar,epoxy coated(EC)rebar,and stainless steel(SS)rebar(named NPC-BS,NPC-HSS,NPC-EC,and NPC-SS,respectively),NPC with BS with silane soakage on the pier surface(named NPC-Silane),and high-performance concrete(HPC)with BS rebar(named HPC-BS).First,the RBDO procedure is improved for the design optimization of coastal bridge piers,and a bridge is selected to illustrate the procedure.Then,reliability analysis of the pier designed with each group of materials is carried out to obtain the time-dependent reliability in terms of the ultimate and serviceability performances.Next,the repair time of the pier is predicted based on the time-dependent reliability indices.Finally,the time-dependent LCCs for the pier are obtained for the selection of the optimal design.

地震动持时对双层高架桥框架式桥墩抗震性能评价的影响

为研究地震动持时对双层高架桥框架式桥墩抗震性能评价的影响,基于双层框架式桥墩的拟静力试验,借助OpenSees有限元软件建立数值模型,将模拟结果与试验结果进行对比,两者吻合较好。选取两组具有长、短持时特性的地震动记录,通过增量动力分析(IDA)建立峰值地面加速度(PGA)与位移延性比u的关系,得到易损性曲线。长持时地震动作用下PGA中位值为0.35g、0.55g、0.78g、0.98g,短持时地震动作用下PGA中位值为0.35g、0.59g、0.91g、1.20g。随着损伤程度的加大,双层框架式桥墩易损性曲线的差异区间随着PGA的增大而增大;9度(0.40 g)罕遇地震时,长、短持时地震动作用下双层框架式桥墩发生严重损伤和完全破坏的概率分别为25.57%、8.61%和16.98%、4.79%,说明当PGA较大时,双层框架式桥墩在长持时地震动作用下更容易受到损伤。

采用UHPC连接的插槽式预制拼装桥墩抗震性能试验研究

利用超高性能混凝土(ultra high performance concrete, UHPC)材料特性,提出一种针对预制拼装桥墩的重力灌浆构造,即采用UHPC灌浆并依靠立柱自身重力完成拼接的插槽式连接构造。为研究该形式桥墩的抗震性能,设计完成了三个桥墩的拟静力试验,分别为整体现浇墩Z1、新型插槽式连接墩P1及现有“I型”连接墩P2,并采用OpenSees有限元软件做模拟分析,与试验结果对比分析。结果表明:三个桥墩的破坏形式一致,均为弯曲破坏;Z1墩与P1墩滞回曲线呈梭形,滞回环较为饱满,且相同位移加载循环下的滞回路径较为吻合,P2墩接口处钢筋与混凝土间黏结滑移影响较大,导致滞回环面积减小,桥墩整体滞回耗能能力降低;P1墩的耗能能力较Z1墩和P2墩分别提升7.0%、10.7%,呈现峰值荷载小、失效速率慢、极限位移大、滞回耗能多的骨架趋势。试验结果与有限元模拟结果较为吻合,抗震性能参数差幅在10.0%以内,新型插槽式连接墩可应用于实际工程。

Experimental investigation on seismic performance of rigid frame tied-arch bridge with split-piers

A novel seismic design method, namely split-pier seismic design, is proposed. A vertical gap and connect elements are set in split-piers. The lateral stiffness of piers is reduced by cracking of the connect elements under severe earthquake, and the seismic response of bridges is reduced by avoiding the site predominant periods. A model of tied-arch rigid frame bridge with split-piers was designed. Seismic performance was investigated by pseudo-static experimentation on the scale model, The failure process of split-piers, the hysteresis characteristic and the effect of split-piers on the superstructure are presented. Results show that the split-pier has better seismic performance than common ductile piers do.

FREE VIBRATION ANALYSIS OF SHEAR WALLS WITH SHORT PIERS

The equations of the lateral deflection curve of the short pier shear wall under a lateral concentrated load at any level are derived by employing a continuous approach. Lateral flexibility matrixes for the dynamic analysis are also obtained by repeatedly calculating the lateral unit load on the wall at each level where a lumped mass located. Dynamic analyses are implemented for short pier shear walls with different parameters, called the integrative coefficient and the pier strength coefficient related to the dimensions of walls. The influences of two coefficients on the dynamic performances of the structure are studied. Results indicate that with the increase of the integrative coefficient, the periods of top two modes apparently decrease but the other periods of higher frequency modes show little variation when the pier strength coefficient remains constant. Similarly, if the integrative coefficient is constant, the top two periods of the free vibration decrease with the increase of the integrative coefficient but the other periods of higher frequency modes show less variation.

Cyclic test and numerical study of seismic performance of precast segmental concrete double-columns

The comparative research on the seismic performance of grouted sleeve connected pier(GS)and prestressed precast segmental concrete pier(PC)is mostly carried out by numerical simulation.In this study,the GS pier and the PC pier of the new railway project from Hetian to Ruoqiang are taken into consideration.Two kinds of 1/5-scale assembled double-column specimens are made,and the quasi-static tests are carried out.The overall seismic performance of the two spliced piers is studied,and compared in terms of failure mechanism,bearing capacity,ductility,stiffness and energy dissipation capacity.The results show that the failure modes of both GS pier and PC pier are characterized by bending.However,the specific failure location and form are different.The GS pier presents a complete hysteretic curve,large equivalent stiffness and strong energy dissipation capacity.The hysteretic area of the PC pier is small.However,it has good self-reset ability and quasi-static residual displacement.Finite element models are set up using DispBeamColumn fiber elements and ZeroLength elements.The models that are calibrated with the test data can effectively simulate the damage development under monotonic loading.The load−displacement curves are in good agreement with the backbone curves of the test results.

Seismic performance of double- skin steel- concrete composite box piers: Part Ⅰ——Bidirectional quasi-static testing

To study the seismic performance of double-skin steelconcrete composite box（ DSCB） piers, a total of 11 DSCB pier specimens were tested under bidirectional cyclic loading. The effects of the loading pattern, the steel plate thickness, the axial load ratio, the slenderness ratio and the aspect ratio were taken into consideration. The damage evolution process and failure modes of the tested specimens are presented in detail. Test results are also discussed in terms of the hysteretic curve, skeleton curve, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of DSCB pier specimens. It can be concluded that the hysteretic performance of DSCB piers in one direction is affected and weakened by the cyclic loading in the other direction. DSCB piers under bidirectional cyclic loading exhibit good performance in terms of load carrying capacity, ductility, and energy dissipation capacity. Overall, DSCB piers can meet the basic aseismic requirements. The research results can be taken as a reference for using DSCB piers as high piers in bridges in strong earthquakeprone areas.

Piers－Harris儿童自我意识量表在湖南的修订

在湖南省有代表性的六个地区城乡分层随机采样８６４例，对Ｐｉｅｒｓ－Ｈａｒｒｉｓ儿童自我意识量表进行修订，修改过程中刚除８条不符合我国文化背景及不符合测量学要求的项目，制定了湖南省常模，经信度、效度检验，认为达到了测量学要求。

从’91PIERS看电磁学研究发展趋势

本文从“电磁学研究进展会议(’91 PIERS)”的角度阐述了电磁学研究的现状和发展趋势,对一些新兴的分支也作了简短的描述。

基于UDF的前置隔板墩台涡激振动抑制数值分析

采用用户自定义函数(UDF)中三大宏编程更新墩台的质心位置和振动状态,通过建立墩台涡激振动数值模型并结合嵌套网格技术,对有无前置隔板墩台的水动力特性进行分析,结果表明:设置前置隔板后,约化速度为6~7时墩台的回流区顺流向长度和涡流长度随着约化速度增大显著减小,而无前置隔板时墩台表现出相反趋势,前置隔板有效抑制了尾流扰动。约化速度为7~9时,有前置隔板墩台的回流区顺流向长度和涡流长度比无前置隔板墩台的小,前置隔板减弱了涡激振动对墩台的影响。前置隔板有效延迟了旋涡脱落时间,墩台上下表面压力分布更为均匀,减弱了墩台的涡激振动响应。

钢管混凝土柱-软钢板组合高墩施工与运营阶段的稳定性

以京台高速公路某大桥为工程背景,设计了相应的新型组合高墩。通过有限元方法,考虑包括材料与几何非线性,分别采用实体单元建立了针对高墩悬臂施工阶段的模型,以及梁单元建立了全桥运营阶段模型分析其稳定性,获得其稳定承载力以及稳定系数。通过有限元参数分析,探讨了不同工况、墩身高度、软钢板厚度、屈服强度以及系梁间距对高墩稳定性的影响。计算结果表明,悬臂不平衡施工为最不利工况,组合高墩发生纵桥向压弯变形失稳,该阶段高墩的稳定系数相较悬臂平衡施工阶段下降30%。不同工况下,墩身的最不利截面处于受压侧钢管混凝土柱距离墩底0.1~0.2高度区域;随着墩身长细比增大,稳定系数出现显著下降,其破坏模式由弹塑性失稳逐渐转变为弹性失稳;软钢板厚度增大有利于稳定系数的提高;系梁间距按照传统高墩经验设计,取10 m~12 m最有利高墩稳定。基于参数分析结果,提出新型组合高墩简化模型,所得到的稳定承载力计算方法,适用于长细比超过70的组合高墩;当长细比小于70,建议采用短柱极限承载力折减方法计算。

冰盖下串列组合桥墩周围绕流特性

为揭示冰盖流作用下水中桥墩附近区域流场的分布特性及内在规律,采用高精度三维测量技术,研究了明渠流和冰盖流条件下组合桥墩周围流场的空间分布及瞬态变化特性。试验结果表明:冰盖流条件下,远离桥墩断面处纵向流速沿垂线的分布呈抛物线形,且中下部流速较上部偏大,表明冰盖粗糙度会改变流速的垂线分布,降低水流断面原始深泓线位置;冰盖的存在会削弱第一、三象限猝发事件发生频率,第二、四象限猝发事件则会被强化;全部4个象限猝发事件的垂线分布呈现出游荡形式,覆盖冰层后水体紊动强度受到强化,是促使泥沙颗粒发生跃移的关键因素。

Seismic performance of double-skin steel-concrete composite box piers: Part Ⅱ—Nonlinear finite element analysis

An accurate finite element （ FE） model was constructed to examine the hysteretic behavior of double-skin steel-concrete composite box （ DSCB） piers for further understanding the seismic performance of DSCB piers; where the local buckling behavior of steel tubes, the confinement of the in-filled concrete and the interface action between steel tube and in-filled concrete were considered. The accuracy of the proposed FE model was verified by the bidirectional cyclic loading test results. Based on the validated FE model, the effects of some key parameters, such as section width to steel thickness ratio, slenderness ratio, aspect ratio and axial load ratio on the hysteretic behavior of DSCB piers were investigated. Finally, the skeleton curve model of DSCB piers was proposed. The numerical simulation results reveal that the peak strength and elastic stiffness decrease with the increase of the section width to steel thickness ratio. Moreover, the increase of the slenderness ratio may result in a significant reduction in the peak strength and elastic stiffness while the ultimate displacement increases. The proposed skeleton curve model can be taken as a reference for seismic performance analyses of the DSCB piers.

高速铁路桥梁巨震响应分析

为保障高速列车的运行安全,高铁桥梁应具有足够的刚度,这势必会增大结构的地震反应。同时铁路组网,如川藏铁路,已经延伸到西部大震风险区。在高铁桥梁中建立第四级设防的分析方法。在振动台上测试了3个1/5和6个1/8缩尺的圆端矩形截面钢筋混凝土实体桥墩,并进行数值分析。试验结果表明,桥墩在峰值加速度为0.96g(原型0.32g,七度罕遇)以内的地震作用下,墩身仍保持较好的完整性和稳定性,桥墩的地震损伤程度不明显,混凝土桥墩试件没有出现明显的开裂和剥落现象,这表明按规范设计的桥梁具备较好抗震安全性。当地震强度增加到1.71g(原型0.57g,八度罕遇)时,桥墩顺桥向出现中等到严重损伤,而横桥向大多还处于中等损伤。但所有桥墩试件在强度为1.86g的巨震作用下不会发生倒塌破坏。研究表明,在相同地震动作用下,随着纵筋率提高,结构耗能总体呈增加趋势;随着地震设防水平增加,耗能随纵筋率的变化更加显著,试验桥墩可以承担更大的地震荷载。纵筋率对桥墩滞回曲线形状影响较大,增加纵筋率,耗能能力随之增大。需要强调的是,由于高铁桥墩不是按照延性设计,桥墩的体积配箍率均较低,研究表明其对桥墩的滞回性能的影响不明显。

复式钢管混凝土墩柱轴压性能及承载力提高分析

为提升矩形钢管混凝土独柱墩的工作性能,在其截面内套异心双圆钢管形成新型复式钢管混凝土墩柱。该文进行了7个墩柱轴压荷载试验,通过对比空钢管柱、矩形墩柱和夹层墩柱分析了新型墩柱的破坏形态、钢管应变发展及承载力和延性差异,最后利用钢管和混凝土的组合效应原理进行组合墩柱轴压承载力提高分析。研究得出新型复式钢管混凝土墩柱轴压破坏形态为鼓曲破坏,其极限承载力较夹层墩柱提高20%,较矩形墩柱提高22%,延性提高效果更为明显;新型墩柱内、外钢管应变发展充分,说明钢管较好地发挥了竖向承载和横向约束混凝土的能力;根据钢板的正则化宽厚比和屈曲后强度计算得出,内、外钢管在混凝土的支撑下承载力提高15%,混凝土在钢管的约束下承载力提高49%;根据约束组合效应得出,新型墩柱整体承载力提高31%;采用等效套箍系数计算的新型墩柱承载力与试验值绝对误差在4%以内,说明新型复式钢管混凝土墩柱符合钢管混凝土统一理论。研究结果表明,新型复式钢管混凝土墩柱在约束混凝土效应方面明显提高,构件的承载力较高、延性较好,具有较强的工程应用前景。

梯形墩-悬栅消力池水力特性数值模拟

针对低弗劳德数水跃消能问题,以消力池内布置的梯形墩-悬栅联合消能工为研究对象,采用RNG k-ε湍流模型和VOF法进行数值模拟,研究消力池内水力特性和消能效果.结果表明:梯形墩可有效降低消力池底板压强和入池临底流速,墩后压强低于100 Pa,流速降至0.20 m/s时,随着Fr增大,压强和流速分布改善效果越显著;消力池内涡量强度最大值位于陡坡段水跃旋滚区,该区域存在明显涡核,为能量耗散主要区域,梯形墩和悬栅区域涡结构间断分布,属于弱涡结构,能量部分耗散;梯形墩-悬栅联合消力池中能量耗散主要由水跃能量耗散、梯形墩剪切耗散和悬栅沿程耗散组成,3种工况下消能率较传统消力池分别提升4.49%,9.74%,9.79%,充分发挥出联合消能工叠加消能的效果,研究结果可为类似工程消能工设计研究提供一定的参考.