Successful remimazolam sedation-epidural block in an older patient with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease:A case report

BACKGROUND Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)is associated with high morbidity and mortality rates worldwide.Older patients have a degenerative cardiopulmonary function,weak compensatory capacity,and poor surgical tolerance.Therefore,the mode of anesthesia must be optimized.Remimazolam is a new ultrashort-acting benzodiazepine with a rapid onset of action,rapid metabolism,and mild effects on pulmonary circulation.Remimazolam sedation combined with an epidural block has not been reported in hypertensive older adults with severe COPD and inguinal mass resection.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 73-year-old man with hypertension and severe COPD,who underwent resection of an enlarged inguinal mass that he had noticed more than 7 mo before presentation.The patient presented with a“right inguinal mass”and was recommended to undergo an enlarged inguinal mass resection.Surgery was relatively challenging,due to the large mass(13 cm×8 cm×7 cm),hard texture,and poor mobility.Considering the advanced age of the patient,gradeⅢhypertension,and severe COPD,we administered remimazolam combined with an epidural block for anesthesia to ensure perioperative safety and careful consideration.The anesthetic effect was precise;the procedure was performed smoothly without any complications,and the patient was successfully anesthetized.However,anesthetic management in such cases has not yet been reported by previous studies.CONCLUSION Remimazolam sedation combined with an epidural block is safe and effective in older patients with hypertension and severe COPD.

Comparative Study between Ultrasound-Guided Serratus Anterior Plane Block versus Thoracic Epidural Analgesia for Post-Thoracotomy Pain: A Prospective, Randomized, Clinical Trial

Objectives and Aim: Thoracotomies are widely recognized to cause acute pain which is associated with many complications. The target study aimed to assess the safety and efficacy of SAPB compared to TEA for relieving severe thoracotomy pain. Patients and Methods: Forty patients scheduled for thoracotomy randomly allocated either to receive SAPB or thoracic epidural (TEA). Visual analogue pain score (VAS) at rest and coughing every 6 hrs. Postoperative, hemodynamic parameters (heart rate and MAP), pain rescue analgesic consumption in the first 24 hrs., complications, and duration of hospital stay recorded. Results: In our study, we found that the recently described SAPB, while maintaining stable blood pressure, provided excellent analgesia comparable to that offered by TEA for acute post-thoracotomy pain. Hypotension was more noteworthy in those who had epidurals than those with serratus anterior plane (SAP) catheters. Morphine rescue analgesia, as well as Visual Analogue Scale (VAS) pain scores during normal tidal breathing, were like in both groups. Conclusion: We recommend that the Serratus anterior plane block appears to be a safe and effective alternative for postoperative analgesia after thoracotomy.

Resolution of herpes zoster-induced small bowel pseudo-obstruction by epidural nerve block:A case report

BACKGROUND When herpes zoster is complicated with paralytic ileus,this mostly involves acute intestinal pseudo-obstruction of Ogilvie’s syndrome manifesting as obvious dilatation of the cecum and right colon;small intestinal obstruction is rare.Here,we present a patient with a very rare case of small bowel pseudo-obstruction.CASE SUMMARY A 76-year-old female patient complained of right upper quadrant pain.Two days later,a blistering,right-sided rash of the thoracoabdominal dermatome(T5-T10) emerged in conjunction with small intestinal dilatation and the inability to defecate.Computed tomography of the abdomen confirmed small bowel pseudoobstruction.Antiviral therapy,gastrointestinal decompression,and enemas proved unproductive.After 4 d of stagnation,an epidural block was performed for pain relief and prompted the passage of gas and stool,resolving the obstructive problem.Three days later,the rash appeared dry and crusted,and the pain diminished.After 5 d,no abnormality was visible by gastroenteroscopy,and the patient was discharged on day 7.CONCLUSION This case shows that herpes zoster may induce small bowel pseudo-obstruction in addition to colonic pseudo-obstruction.Epidural block can not only treat intercostal neuralgia but also resolve small bowel pseudo-obstruction caused by herpes zoster.

Effect of epidural block combined intravenous general anesthesia stress on the stress response and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with breast cancer undergoing radical mastectomy

Objective: To investigate the effect of epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia on stress response and T lymphocyte subsets in patients with breast cancer undergoing radical mastectomy. Methods: In our hospital from July 2016 to June 2017 undergoing radical mastectomy for breast cancer of 88 patients were randomly divided into observation group and control group of 44 cases, 2 patients underwent routine preoperative preparation, and routine blood pressure, heart rate, pulse, oxygen saturation, ECG monitoring, control group with intravenous anesthesia. The observation group was treated with epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia. 2 groups of patients before anesthesia, 30 MIM (T0), 1 h after skin incision (T1), 4 h after operation (T2), 24 h after operation (T3), 48 h after operation (T4) from peripheral venous blood were measured by interleukin-8 (IL-8) and interferon gamma (IFN-γ), cortisol (Cor), prolactin (PRL), growth hormone (GH) and T lymphocyte subsets (CD3+, CD4+, CD8+), the calculation of CD4+/CD8+ value. Results: the serum IL-8 level of T1, T2, T3and T4 decreased gradually, were lower than at T0, and the control group at each time point had no significant difference, T1, T2, T3group, T4IL-8 levels lower than the control group;the 2 groups of serum IFN-γ levels T1 and T2had no significant change, T3and T4increased gradually, was higher than that of T0, but no significant difference between the 2 groups of IFN-γ levels. 2 serum Cor levels peaked at T1, decreased at T2, was higher than that of T0, T3, T4returned to T0, the observation group T1, T2Cor level lower than the control group;the serum PRL levels of 2 groups reached a peak at T1, T2, T3at the time of T4decreased gradually, was higher than that of T0, T1, T2, T3of the observation group at the PRL level is lower than the control group;the serum level of GH 2 in group T1increased gradually, reached a peak at T2, T3and T4 decreased gradually, was higher than that of T0, the observation group T1, T2, T3, T4, GH levels lower than the control group. 2 groups of CD3+ decreased gradually in T1, T2, were lower than T0, T3, T4returned to T0, the observation group T1, T2CD3+ was higher than the control group;group CD4+ decreased gradually in T1, T2, T3and T4were lower than control, T0when, and the observation group CD4+ in T1, T2, T3, T4, no significant changes were observed in group T1, T2, T3, T4and CD4+ higher than that of the control group;the 2 group CD8+ had no obvious changes in T1, T2, T3, T4;observation group CD4+/CD8+ decreased gradually in T1, T2, were lower than T0, T3, T4returned to T0, the observation group T1, T2CD4+/CD8+ was higher than the control group. Conclusion: epidural block combined with intravenous anesthesia for breast cancer radical mastectomy can effectively relieve the stress and inflammatory reaction, alleviate the immunosuppression, and help to restore the postoperative immune function.

Case Report: Rare Presentations of Accidental Subdural Block in Labor Epidural Anesthesia

The incidence of accidental injection or catheterization of the subdural space during performance of a neuroaxial block has recently increased. It can occur even when an experienced practitioner performs the neuraxial procedure. The presentation of numerous unexplainable clinical signs in the process of continuous epidural anesthesia, which do not fit the clinical picture of subarachnoid or intravascular injection, should envoke a high suspicion for unintentional subdural block. We report two cases of patients who achieved prolonged labor analgesia via epidural technique with only half the initial loading dose of local anesthetic. Both patients also had short episodes of hypotension. Additionally, one patient presented with severe hypoxemia and mild motor block of both upper and lower extremities. The other patient presented with transit unresponsiveness without motor block. Both patients rapidly responded to vasopressors. Desaturation in one patient, however, was persistent lasting for more than four hours. Her bedside chest X-ray was inconclusive “possible pulmonary edema” and the follow up Chest CT Scan on the second day revealed aspiration pneumonia. Based on the clinical findings, these two cases were suggestive of subdural block with cranial nerve involvement.

Comparison of Postoperative Analgesic Efficacy between Continuous Transversus Abdominis Plane Block, Lumbar Paravertebral and Epidural Blocks after Abdominal Surgeries

Background: The study was done to assess the postoperative analgesic efficacy of ultrasound-guided continuous transverses abdominis plane block, continuous lumbar paravertebral block and a continuous lumbar epidural block in patients undergoing lower abdominal surgeries (unilateral inguinal hernia repair). We compared their analgesic efficacy over the first 48 hour postoperative, in a randomized, single-blind study in 120 patients divided into four equal groups, 30 patients in each group. Methods: 120 patients randomly assigned into four equal groups, with 30 patients in each group. Group T received ultrasound-guided transverses abdominis plane block with 20 ml of bupivacaine 0.25% followed by continuous infusion of bupivacaine 0.125% (0.1 ml/kg/hr) and group P received ultrasound-guided continuous lumbar paravertebral block with bupivacaine 0.25% bolus dose 20 ml, followed by continuous infusion of bupivacaine 0.125% (0.1 ml/kg/hr). Group E received continuous lumbar epidural infusion of bupivacaine 0.25% bolus dose 20 ml, followed by continuous infusion of bupivacaine 0.125% (0.1 ml/kg/hr) and group C received normal saline bolus dose 20 ml, followed by continuous infusion of normal saline (0.1 ml/kg/hr). General anesthesia induced with fentanyl 1 - 2 μg/kg and propofol 1 - 3 mg/kg followed by atracurium 0.5 mg/kg. At the end of the surgical procedure, we activated the regional block with recording of parameters in the postoperative period each patient was assessed for visual analog scale (VAS) at rest and on movement, analgesic consumption, vital signs and presence of complications (nausea, vomiting, sedation), and postoperative patient satisfaction all data collected postoperatively by a blinded investigator at one, two, 6, 12, 24 and 48 hours postoperatively. Results: Postoperative analgesic efficacy is more in group E than group P and group T, the latter is least effective in pain control. Also in group E the postoperative analgesic consumption is lower than in group P and group T, re-garding complications as nausea and vomiting more recorded in epidural than the other two groups. Conclusion: Regarding postoperative analgesic efficacy, the continuous lumbar epidural block is more effective than continuous paravertebral and continuous transverses abdominis plane block, but regarding complications, there was a higher incidence in epidural group than other two groups.

Effect of Bilateral Ultrasound-Guided Quadratus Lumborum Block versus Lumbar Epidural Block on Postoperative Analgesia following Major Lower Abdominal Cancer Surgery

Background: Poor postoperative pain control leads to longer postoperative care, longer hospital stay and decreased patient overall satisfaction. Aim: To compare the efficacy and safety of bilateral ultrasound-guided quadratus lumborum block versus lumbar epidural block on the management of postoperative pain following major lower abdominal cancer surgery. Methods: The study was a double-blinded, and randomized study, conducted in South Egypt Cancer Institute, Assiut University, Egypt. It included cancer patients scheduled for major lower abdominal cancer surgery in the period from 2019 to 2020. They were divided into two groups: Group Ι received pre-emptive ultrasound-guided Quadratus Lumborum Block (QLB) with 25 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine on each side of the abdominal wall before induction of General Anesthesia (GA), and Group II received pre-emptive lumbar epidural block with 15 mL of 0.25% bupivacaine before induction of GA. VAS score, and time of the first analgesic request and postoperative total analgesic consumption were evaluated. Results: Sixty patients were included in our study. VAS score at rest was comparable between both studied groups in the first 6 h. At 8 and 10 h, Group II had a significantly higher VAS score at rest (P < 0.001 and 0.026 respectively). Meanwhile, at 12 h, patients in Group I had a significantly higher VAS score (P = 0.026). Mean time of the first request for rescue analgesia was significantly prolonged in Group I (13.27 ± 2.38 hrs.) compared to Group II (10.20 ± 1.42 hrs.) (P < 0.001) respectively, mean total morphine consumption, over the first 24 hours postoperatively, was significantly lower in Group I (5.17 ± 1.32 mg) than in Group II (7.33 ± 1.45 mg) (P < 0.001). A larger number of patients in Group II had nausea at different time points postoperatively than in Group I (P < 0.001), but no significant difference was observed between both studied groups regarding the incidence of vomiting. Limitation: Small sample size and shorter period for postoperative follow-up. Conclusions: Management of postoperative pain following major lower abdominal cancer surgery with US-guided QLB was associated with the reduction in the total analgesic consumption and delayed the first request of analgesia as compared to lumbar epidural block technique.

Peripheral Nerve Block Combined with Epidural Anesthesia for Incarcerated Inguinal Hernia Repair in a Patient with Severe Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease: A Case Report

Background: Invasive mechanical ventilation worsens prognosis in patients with severe chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). To avoid complications in these patients, anesthesia should be carefully considered. Case presentation: A 78-year-old man with COPD presented with dyspnea and pain from the epigastric to the umbilical regions. He was diagnosed with left incarcerated inguinal hernia and underwent radical inguinal hernia repair and surgical ileus treatment. To avoid general anesthesia with tracheal intubation, epidural anesthesia was combined with peripheral nerve blocks. An epidural catheter was inserted from T12/L1, and ilioinguinal-iliohypogastric and genitofemoral nerve blocks were performed under ultrasound guidance. No post-surgery complications or pain symptoms were noted. Conclusions: General anesthesia would likely have been challenging due to the patient’s COPD;however, management of peritoneal traction pain is difficult using peripheral nerve block alone. By combining epidural anesthesia with peripheral nerve blocks, we safely performed a procedure in a patient with severe COPD while avoiding invasive positive pressure ventilation.

Effects of labor analgesia on maternal and neonatal outcome by epidural low concentration of bupivacaine combined with anisodamine

Objective To observe the effects of labor analgesia on maternal and neonatal outcome by epidural application of 0.125% bupivacaine combined with anisodamine on the labor stage, and modes of delivery and neonatal Apgar’s score. Methods A total of 220 primiparaes with full-term pregnancy, monocyesis and fetal head presentation without any obstetrical or systematic complications were chosen and divided into analgesic group and control group (110 in each group). The mixture of bupivacaine and anisodamine was injected into the epidural space of the parturients in the analgesic group while those patients in the control group did not receive any analgesics. Results The analgesic effect was satisfactory (91.8%), and no side effects occurred in the second stage of labor. The instrument delivery rate was lower in the analgesic group, and there was no significant difference between the two groups in neonatal Apgar’s score. Conclusion The method is feasible in clinic for labor pain relief without increasing the rate of dystocia and complications of delivery.

Confirmation of Epidural Catheter Location by Epidural Pressure Waveform Recordings by the Compuflo^&reg;Cath-Checker System

Background: Pulsatile waveforms originating from the spinal cord and transmitted through the dura in synchrony with heart rate have been used to confirm the epidural location of the catheter. Lumbar epidural space identification using the CompuFlo? instrument has been reported and validated. The aim of this preliminary study was to evaluate the new CompuFlo instrument which allows the identification of pulsatile waveform recordings. Methods: We tested 30 epidural catheters previously successfully used for post cesarean analgesia and about to be removed. All patients were given 5 mL 2% lidocaine to test the catheter before its removal. After priming with 5 mL saline, the catheter was connected to CompuFlo? to record the occurrence of pulsatile waveforms and/or their disappearance during its removal. Results: Pulsatile waveforms were observed in all the catheters properly located in the epidural space and disappeared when the catheter was extracted from the epidural space. No waveforms were recorded in 2 cases in which no sensory block occurred after the test dose (catheter dislodgement). The pressure waveform analysis through the epidural catheter had a sensitivity of 100%, a positive predictive value of 100%, a specificity of 100% and a negative predictive value of 100%. Conclusions: In this preliminary trial pulsatile pressure waveform recording with CompuFlo? CathCheck? System through the epidural catheter resulted in high sensitivity and positive predictive value.

非气管插管胸腔镜肺叶切除术前TPVB及EB的术后镇痛效果及对血清炎症因子、疼痛介质水平影响

目的 探讨非气管插管胸腔镜肺叶切除术前胸椎旁神经阻滞(TPVB)及硬膜外阻滞(EB)的术后镇痛效果及对血清炎症因子、疼痛介质水平影响。方法 选取2020年10月—2022年10月胜利油田中心医院收治198例行非气管插管胸腔镜肺叶切除术的患者,采用单纯随机抽样法分为TPVB组、EB组和对照组,每组66例。对照组采用保留自主呼吸的非气管插管麻醉,TPVB组采用TPVB复合保留自主呼吸的非气管插管麻醉,EB组采用EB复合保留自主呼吸的非气管插管麻醉。比较3组围手术期指标、心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)、视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、Ramsay镇静评分、血清疼痛介质[5-羟色胺(5-HT)、P物质(SP)、去甲肾上腺素(NE)、多巴胺(DA)]、炎症因子[超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)、肿瘤坏死因子-α(TNF-α)、白细胞介素-6(IL-6)],体液免疫功能[免疫球蛋白A(IgA)、免疫球蛋白G(IgG)、免疫球蛋白M(IgM)],记录围手术期不良反应。结果 3组麻醉时间、手术时间、右美托咪定用量、丙泊酚用量比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。TPVB组、EB组芬太尼用量低于对照组(P <0.05)。3组T_(1)、T_(2)、T_(3)、T_(4)时HR、MAP水平比较,结果:(1)3组不同时间点HR、MAP水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);(2)3组HR、MAP水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);(3)3组HR、MAP水平变化趋势水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。3组术后6、12、24和48 h的VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分比较,结果:(1)3组不同时间点VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);(2)3组VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);(3)3组VAS评分、Ramsay镇静评分变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。3组术后1、3 d的5-HT、SP、NE、DA水平比较,结果:(1)3组不同时间点5-HT、SP、NE、DA水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);(2)3组5-HT、SP、NE、DA水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);(3)3组5-HT、SP、NE、DA水平变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。3组术后1、3 d的hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平比较,结果:(1)3组不同时间点hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);(2)3组hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);(3)3组hs-CRP、TNF-α、IL-6水平变化趋势比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05)。3组术后1、3 d的IgA、IgG、IgM水平比较,结果:(1)不同时间点IgA、IgG、IgM水平比较,差异均有统计学意义(P <0.05);(2)3组IgA、IgG、IgM水平比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05);(3)3组IgA、IgG、IgM水平变化趋势比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组心律失常、肺不张、低氧血症发生率比较,差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。3组低血压发生率比较,差异有统计学意义(P <0.05)。结论TPVB用于非气管插管胸腔镜肺叶切除术的镇痛镇静效果与EB相当,并且两者均能减轻对患者MAP、HR等生命体征的影响,但TPVB在抑制疼痛介质和炎症因子方面优于EB,安全性高,具有推广价值。

硬膜外阻滞复合脊柱定点旋转复位法治疗急性腰椎间盘突出症的效果

目的观察硬膜外阻滞复合脊柱定点旋转复位法治疗急性腰椎间盘突出症的临床效果。方法选取2021年5月至2023年5月河南科技大学第一附属医院开元院区疼痛科收治的急性腰椎间盘突出症患者90例,以随机数字表法分成试验组、手法复位组和硬膜外阻滞组,每组30例。试验组在行硬膜外阻滞的基础上联合脊柱定点旋转复位法,手法复位组仅接受脊柱定点旋转复位手法,硬膜外阻滞组仅接受硬膜外阻滞。记录3组患者治疗前后疼痛视觉模拟评分(VAS),采用日本骨科协会(JOA)评分评价其治疗结束后腰部疼痛及腰椎功能改善情况。结果3组患者经治疗后VAS评分均降低,且试验组VAS评分低于手法复位组和硬膜外阻滞组(P<0.05)。3组患者经治疗后JOA评分均提高,且试验组JOA评分高于手法复位组和硬膜外硬膜外阻滞组(P<0.05)。结论硬膜外阻滞复合脊柱定点旋转复位法可有效缓解急性腰椎间盘突出症患者的疼痛,提高其JOA评分。

神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉在股骨颈骨折患者中的应用

目的:探讨在股骨颈骨折患者中应用神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉的效果。方法:选取2020年1月—2023年6月桂林市中医医院收治的98例股骨颈骨折患者作为研究对象,按照随机数表法将其分为对照组和研究组,各49例。对照组采用传统的腰硬联合麻醉,研究组采用神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉。比较两组麻醉效果、平均动脉压(MAP)、心率(HR)、皮质醇(Cor)和儿茶氨酚(CA)及不良反应。结果:两组麻醉效果比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。研究组麻醉后15 min(T_(2))、麻醉后30 min(T_(3))时MAP高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);研究组麻醉后5 min(T_(1))、T_(2)、T_(3)、手术结束后(T_(4))时HR高于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。研究组术中(Tb)时CA、Cor低于对照组,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:股骨颈骨折患者应用神经刺激仪引导下腰丛联合骶丛神经阻滞麻醉能稳定血流动力学,缓解应激反应,具有良好的麻醉效果和较高的安全性。

硬脊膜穿破硬膜外阻滞联合程控硬膜外间隙脉冲给药模式在经产妇分娩镇痛中的应用效果

目的:评价硬脊膜穿破硬膜外(DPE)阻滞联合程控硬膜外间隙脉冲给药(PIEB)模式在经产妇分娩镇痛中的应用效果及对新生儿的影响。方法:选择2023年3—4月江西省妇幼保健院自然分娩行椎管内分娩镇痛的孕37~42周、单胎头位、美国麻醉医师协会(ASA)分级Ⅰ或Ⅱ级的经产妇180例。采用在线随机数生成器将产妇分为三组:DPE阻滞联合PIEB模式组(DPE+PIEB组,60例)、DPE阻滞联合连续硬膜外输注(CEI)模式组(DPE+CEI组,60例)和单纯硬膜外(EP)阻滞联合CEI模式组(EP+CEI组,60例)。比较三组产妇在30 min内达“满意镇痛”的时长、30 min后无满意镇痛手动推药发生率、镇痛效果和阻滞情况、不良反应和胎儿娩出情况。结果:DPE+PIEB组和DPE+CEI组产妇达满意镇痛时长快于EP+CEI组(P<0.05)。三组产妇罗哌卡因总消耗量为:DPE+PIEB组<DPE+CEI组<EP+CEI组(P<0.05),阻滞平面上限均达T_(10)。三组产妇Bromage评分均为0分,产程总时长、导管更换率、瘙痒、头痛、神经损伤发生率和胎儿心动过缓发生率比较差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05),新生儿出生后1 min和5 min时Apgar评分≤7分的发生率均为0。结论:DPE阻滞联合PIEB模式用于经产妇的分娩镇痛可明显缩短药物起效时间,增强镇痛效果,减少罗哌卡因用量,不影响产程进展,且对新生儿无不良影响。

麻醉医生和麻醉护士一体化管理模式用于硬膜外无痛分娩护理中的效果

目的探讨麻醉医生和麻醉护士一体化管理模式在硬膜外无痛分娩护理中的应用效果。方法选择2022年10月—2023年5月入住厦门大学附属第一医院和厦门大学附属妇女儿童医院的80例产妇,根据随机数字表法分为2组,各40例。对照组硬膜外阻滞无痛分娩护理中采取常规的麻醉、护理方法,观察组在对照组的基础上实施麻醉医生和麻醉护士一体化管理模式。对比分析2组孕产妇第一、第二和第三产程时间,诊治满意度和新生儿Apgar评分。结果观察组第一产程时间为(522.46±2.71)min,短于对照组的(543.15±2.82)min(P<0.05);观察组诊治总满意度为95.00%,高于对照组的55.00%,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);2组新生儿Apgar评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论麻醉医生和麻醉护士一体化管理模式用于硬膜外无痛分娩安全有效,缩短产妇的产程,提升产妇满意度。

右美托咪定复合超声引导骶管阻滞对精索鞘膜积液手术学龄前儿童临床效果的影响

目的 观察右美托咪定复合超声引导骶管阻滞对精索鞘膜积液手术学龄前儿童临床效果的影响。方法 选择2022年5月至2023年4月湖北省咸丰县人民医院拟行精索鞘膜积液手术学龄前儿童50例,按照随机数字表法将其分为右美托咪定组和对照组,每组25例。右美托咪定组采用七氟醚吸入诱导及维持,静脉开放后10~15 min完成右美托咪定0.4μg/kg泵注,同时行超声引导骶管阻滞,对照组以生理盐水替代。比较两组入室时(T0)、骶管阻滞时(T1)、手术切皮时(T2)、手术结束时(T3)、苏醒时(T4)、苏醒后5 min(T5)的心率(HR)、平均动脉压(MAP)和呼吸频率(Res);比较两组T4、苏醒后15 min(T6)、苏醒后30 min(T7)儿童麻醉苏醒期躁动评估量表(PAED)评分、Ramsay镇静评分、东安大略儿童医院疼痛评分量表(CHEOPS)评分;记录两组相关不良事件发生情况。结果 两组HR时间、组间及交互作用比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组MAP、Res时间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),两组MAP、Res组间及交互作用比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。组间比较:T2~T5时,两组HR比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);T0~T1时,两组HR比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。T0~T5时,两组MAP和Res比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。整体比较:两组PAED、Ramsay镇静评分时间、组间比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组PAED、Ramsay镇静评分交互作用比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组CHEOPS评分时间、组间、交互作用比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组内比较:T4、T6、T7时,两组PAED、Ramsay镇静及CHEOPS评分组内两两比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。组间比较:T4、T6、T7时,两组PAED、Ramsay镇静及CHEOPS评分比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组不良反应总发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 右美托咪定复合超声引导骶管阻滞可安全应用于学龄前儿童精索鞘膜积液手术,降低患儿苏醒期躁动,且具有更佳的镇静镇痛作用。

股神经阻滞联合关节腔浸润麻醉在膝关节镜手术中的应用效果

目的评价股神经阻滞联合关节腔浸润麻醉在膝关节镜手术中的安全性和有效性。方法选择滨州医学院附属医院骨关节外科2022年1月至6月因半月板损伤、游离体、骨性关节炎计划行单侧膝关节镜手术患者120例,随机分为股神经阻滞联合关节腔浸润麻醉组(F/I组)和腰硬联合麻醉组(CSEA组),每组60例。F/I组中男32例,女28例,年龄(38.75±11.35)岁;CSEA组中男25例,女35例,年龄(37.80±10.85)岁。比较两组术中补救例数、术后视觉模拟评分法(VAS)评分、术后感觉恢复时间及首次下地活动时间、术后并发症、住院花费及住院天数等指标的差异。采用t检验、χ^(2)检验、Fisher确切概率法。结果F/I组术后6 h VAS评分低于CSEA组[(2.08±0.61)分比(2.54±0.64)分],差异有统计学意义(t=-2.484,P=0.018)。F/I组感觉恢复时间长于CSEA组[(6.25±0.40)h比(3.60±0.31)h,首次下地活动时间短于CESA组[(2.99±1.05)h比(8.14±1.88)h],差异均有统计学意义(t=14.095、-12.263,均P<0.001)。术后并发症:F/I组术中加用麻醉发生率3.3%(2/60)、尿潴留发生率0、下肢静脉血栓发生率1.7%(1/60)、恶心呕吐发生率3.3%(2/60),CSEA组术中加用麻醉发生率0、尿潴留发生率10.0%(6/60)、下肢静脉血栓发生率5.0%(3/60)、恶心呕吐发生率16.7%(10/60),两组尿潴留、恶心呕吐发生率比较差异均有统计学意义(均P<0.05)。F/I组住院时间为(3.90±0.63)d、住院费用为(9612.67±507.15)元,CESA组分别为(5.27±0.75)d、(11401.52±530.01)元,差异均有统计学意义(t=-8.862、-15.425,均P<0.001)。结论股神经阻滞联合关节腔浸润麻醉在膝关节镜手术中能够减少术后并发症、缩短住院时间、降低住院费用,并提供良好的麻醉效果。

高龄患者腹腔镜肠癌手术的不同麻醉方法研究

目的 研究不同麻醉方法在高龄患者腹腔镜肠癌手术中的应用价值。方法 58例在本院行腹腔镜手术的高龄肠癌患者,用随机数字表法将其分为观察组和对照组,每组29例。对照组行全身麻醉(全麻),观察组行全麻复合硬膜外阻滞麻醉。比较两组患者麻醉优良率、呼吸恢复时间、睁眼时间、拔管时间、躁动发生情况以及气腹前、气腹时和气腹后的平均动脉压(MAP)、心率。结果 观察组的麻醉优良率96.55%高于对照组的79.31%,差异显著(P<0.05)。气腹前,两组患者MAP比较无明显差异(P>0.05);气腹时和气腹后,观察组MAP分别为(84.63±2.05)、(85.05±2.14)mm Hg(1 mm Hg=0.133 kPa)均低于对照组的(87.62±2.18)、(88.79±2.66)mm Hg,差异显著(P<0.05),且观察组血压更稳定。气腹前,两组患者心率比较,无明显差异(P>0.05);气腹时和气腹后,观察组患者心率分别为(83.53±2.05)、(78.07±2.11)次/min,均低于对照组的(90.12±2.17)、(85.46±2.48)次/min,差异显著(P<0.05),且观察组患者术中心率更为稳定。观察组患者的呼吸恢复时间(4.25±0.78)min、睁眼时间(8.87±1.45)min、拔管时间(14.66±1.38)min与对照组的(9.96±1.32)、(12.54±1.05)、(20.28±2.46)min相比较短,差异显著(P<0.05)。观察组的躁动发生率3.45%与对照组的20.69%相比较低,差异显著(P<0.05)。结论 将全麻复合硬膜外阻滞麻醉运用在高龄腹腔镜肠癌患者的手术中可获得较好的麻醉效果,既有利于患者术中血流动力学的稳定,又可以缩短患者术后清醒时间,降低躁动发生风险,优势突出,故具备临床借鉴与推广的价值。