A new multi-parallel-beam collimators with improved sensitivity for SPECT

In this paper, a new design of multi-parallel-beam (MPB) collimators with projection multiplexing is proposed. In the MPB system, two different oblique parallel channels are introduced in a conventional parallel-beam collimator. The sensitivity of the single photon emission computed tomography (SPECT) system is improved by allowing projection overlapping. Comparative simulation studies were performed in the MPB collimators, general purpose parallel-beam (GPPB) collimators and high sensitivity parallel-beam (HSPB) collimators. In the simulation, attenuation, scattering and the impact of detector response were neglected. Simulation results show that the sensitivity is improved for the MPB collimator comparing with parallel-beam collimator. The behavior of spatial resolution is only different near the front face of the collimators and approaches that of the GPPB with increasing depth. Proper pre-filtering is helpful for the image reconstruction in the MPB collimators. Comparing with the HSPB collimator, the MPB can achieve a similar sensitivity and better resolution. The simulation ot the U87 cells, and their expression levels were higher in the 10 Gy group than in the 0 Gy group. The differential gene expression in DCX-U87 cells before and after radiation is helpful for future investigations into the mechanisms of radiation therapy in neurogliocytoma cells.

Theoretical study of magnetic lens with parallel beam matched

The magnetic lens(Zumbro lens) is a critical part in proton radiography. Traditionally the matched beam for Zumbro lens in proton radiography is a virtual point source beam, which is not suitable for some cases, such as cylindrical samples. In these cases, a parallel beam is more appropriate. In this paper, a method, which uses quadrupole beamline, is proposed for designing a magnetic lens with parallel beam matched. Theoretical analysis is given. The results show that the matched beam for this lens is indeed parallel beam, while the major merits of Zumbro lens are inherited. Following this method, a theoretical design based on the 11-Me V cyclotron is presented.

Study of MPI based on parallel MOM on PC clusters for EM-beam scattering by 2-D PEC rough surfaces

This paper firstly applies the finite impulse response filter （FIR） theory combined with the fast Fourier transform （FFT） method to generate two-dimensional Gaussian rough surface. Using the electric field integral equation （EFIE）, it introduces the method of moment （MOM） with RWG vector basis function and Galerkin＇s method to investigate the electromagnetic beam scattering by a two-dimensional PEC Gaussian rough surface on personal computer （PC） clusters. The details of the parallel conjugate gradient method （CGM） for solving the matrix equation are also presented and the numerical simulations are obtained through the message passing interface （MPI） platform on the PC clusters. It finds significantly that the parallel MOM supplies a novel technique for solving a two-dimensional rough surface electromagnetic-scattering problem. The influences of the root-mean-square height, the correlation length and the polarization on the beam scattering characteristics by two-dimensional PEC Gaussian rough surfaces are finally discussed.

HIGH RESOLUTION REAL-TIME MEDICAL IMAGING BASED ON PARALLEL BEAMFORMING TECHNIQUE

Improvement of frame-rate is very important for high quality ultrasound imaging of fast-moving structures.It is also one of the key technologies of Three-Dimension(3-D) real-time medical imaging.In this paper,we have demonstrated a beamforming method which gives imaging frame-rate increment without sacrificing the quality of medical images.By using wider and fewer transmit beams in combination with four narrower parallel receive beams,potentially increasing the imaging frame-rate by a factor four.Through employing full transmit aperture,controlling the mainlobe width,and suppressing sidelobes of angular responses,the inherent gain loss of normal parallel beamfomer can be compensated in the maximal degree.The noise and interference signals also can be suppressed effectively.Finally,we show comparable lateral resolution and contrast of ultrasound images to normal single widow weighting beamformer on simulated phantoms of point targets,cyst and fetus of 12th week.As the computational cost is linear with the number of array elements and the same with Delay And Sum(DAS) beamformers,this method has great ad-vantages of possibility for high frame-rate real-time applications.

Numerical and experimental study on coherent beam combining of fibre amplifiers using simulated annealing algorithm

We present the numerical and experimental study on the coherent beam combining of fibre amplifiers by means of simulated annealing （SA） algorithm. The feasibility is validated by the Monte Carlo simulation of correcting static phase distortion using SA algorithm. The performance of SA algorithm under time-varying phase noise is numerically studied by dynamic simulation. It is revealed that the influence of phase noise on the performance of SA algorithm gets stronger with an increase in amplitude or frequency of phase noise; and the laser array that contains more lasers will be more affected from phase noise. The performance of SA algorithm for coherent beam combining is also compared with a widely used stochastic optimization algorithm, i.e., the stochastic parallel gradient descent （SPGD） algorithm. In a proof-of-concept experiment we demonstrate the coherent beam combining of two 1083~nm fibre amplifiers with a total output power of 12~W and 93% combining efficiency. The contrast of the far-field coherently combined beam profiles is calculated to be as high as 95%.

Coherent beam combining of hybrid phase control in master oscillator-power amplifier configuration

A novel scalable architecture for coherent beam combining with hybrid phase control involving passive phasing and active phasing in master oscillator-power amplifier configuration is presented. Wide-linewidth mutually injected passive phasing fibre laser arrays serve as master oscillators for the power amplifiers, and the active phasing using stochastic parallel gradient descent algorithm is induced. Wide-linewidth seed laser can suppress the stimulated Brillouin scattering effectively and improve the output power of the fibre laser amplifier, while hybrid phase control provides a robust way for in-phase mode coherent beam combining simultaneously. Experiment is performed by active phasing fibre laser amplifiers with passive phasing fibre ring laser array seed lasers. Power encircled in the main-lobe increases1.57 times and long-exposure fringe contrast is obtained to be 78% when the system evolves from passive phasing to hybrid phasing.

Implementation of a Particle Accelerator Beam Dynamics Code on Multi-Node GPUs

Particle accelerators play an important role in a wide range of scientific discoveries and industrial applications. The self-consistent multi-particle simulation based on the particle-in-cell (PIC) method has been used to study charged particle beam dynamics inside those accelerators. However, the PIC simulation is time-consuming and needs to use modern parallel computers for high-resolution applications. In this paper, we implemented a parallel beam dynamics PIC code on multi-node hybrid architecture computers with multiple Graphics Processing Units (GPUs). We used two methods to parallelize the PIC code on multiple GPUs and observed that the replication method is a better choice for moderate problem size and current computer hardware while the domain decomposition method might be a better choice for large problem size and more advanced computer hardware that allows direct communications among multiple GPUs. Using the multi-node hybrid architectures at Oak Ridge Leadership Computing Facility (OLCF), the optimized GPU PIC code achieves a reasonable parallel performance and scales up to 64 GPUs with 16 million particles.

平行不对中约束下大范围转动弹性梁非线性动力学建模与振动机制

为了有效抑制或消除不对中约束响应,研究其非线性动力学特性和振动机制。针对柔性大范围转动弹性梁机构,综合应用Galerkin法和Hamilton原理建立转动梁的动力学模型。借助转子动力学理论和拉格朗日法推导联轴器平行不对中运动学约束方程。基于运动学约束关系,利用行波叠加原理构建弹性梁在平行不对中约束下的非线性动力学模型。应用高阶Runge-Kutta法分析弹性梁非线性动力学行为。研究结果表明:转速为10 rad/s时,联轴器不对中量对弹性梁的动力学特性影响较小。当转速为150 rad/s、不对中量从0增加到0.50 mm时,梁的横向振幅则由0.18 mm激增到10.06 mm,提高了2个数量级,而纵向振幅也由0.13 mm增至7.30 mm,表明高速下不对中量与系统稳定性存在强耦合,其微小变化会引起显著的突发性、非线性激振。转速和不对中量的增加会增大联轴器离心力且呈倍频、径向交替变化,引起转动梁的外激励突变导致系统快速失稳,这也是大型旋转机械运行速度不高的重要原因。

L波段全向天线研究与设计

在实际应用中,有时需要全向天线在水平面以上覆盖较广的空域,针对这一需求,文章提出了两种工作在L频段的波束上翘的全向天线。其中一种为使用同轴转平行双线结构进行馈电的串联印刷偶极子天线,且加入反射板保证波束上翘,实测结果表明该天线在工作频段内,电压驻波比(voltage stanting wave ratio,VSWR)小于1.5,水平面增益大于2dBi,俯仰角0°~70°(定义水平方向为0°)增益大于-7dBi,不圆度小于2dB。另一种为双锥天线,使用上下锥体不对称结构保证波束上翘,同时引入固定套环保证天线的稳定性。实测结果表明该天线在工作频段内,VSWR小于2,俯仰角0°~20°增益大于1dBi,俯仰角0°~70°增益大于-7dBi,不圆度小于2.5dB。该天线结构稳定,性能优良,可应用于车载通信或其他通信场景中。

细长竹木圆棒双激光对射自动检测系统设计

针对细长竹木圆棒胚体存在的表面凹坑、开裂等外观缺陷,设计了一种双激光对射式自动检测系统。机械结构采用载物链条使细长竹木圆棒整体平移并在弹性压板下滚动,由对称布置的双激光斜入射至压板和圆棒贴合部位,实现对竹木圆棒表面的双螺旋扫描和空隙检测;控制部分以西门子S7-200 Smart PLC为主体,设计了与实体链条同步的数字链条进行并行控制。测试结果表明,系统相对于人工检测漏检率为0,具有成本低、效率高、可靠性高、易于使用等特点,可有效解决细长竹木圆棒胚体表面质量初筛问题。

大规模激光相干合成主动相位控制技术研究进展

大规模激光相干合成是突破单口径激光特性极限、获得超高峰值/平均功率、超大脉冲能量、超高空/谱亮度等极端特性激光的有效技术路径之一,而大规模激光相干合成的关键是主动相位控制。主动相位控制技术可以对各路光束相位进行主动控制,补偿相位噪声引起的相干特性退化、合成效率下降,获得高品质的合成激光。自相干合成技术提出以来,研究人员开发了多种主动相位控制方法用于相干合成相位校正,其中适用于大规模激光相干合成的主动相位控制方法也得到了飞速发展。系统梳理了大规模激光相干合成的主动相位控制方法,深入分析了不同方法的原理、特点、适用场景和扩展能力,介绍了不同方法取得的相干合成研究最新进展及标志性成果,报道了19通道闭环上升时间仅6μs的相干合成锁相控制突破性结果,最后总结和展望了主动相位控制方法的发展趋势。

激光相干合成系统中SPGD算法的分阶段自适应优化

为改善传统随机并行梯度下降(Stochastic Parallel Gradient Descent,SPGD)算法应用于大规模激光相干合成系统时收敛速度慢且易陷入局部最优解的情况,提出了一种分阶段自适应增益SPGD算法-Staged SPGD算法。该算法根据性能评价函数值,在不同收敛时期采用不同策略对增益系数进行自适应调整,同时引入含梯度更新因子的控制电压更新策略,在加快收敛速度的同时减少算法陷入局部极值的概率。实验结果表明:在19路激光相干合成系统中,与传统SPGD算法相比,Staged SPGD算法的收敛速度提升了36.84%,针对不同频率和幅度的相位噪声,算法也具有较优的收敛效果,且稳定性得到显著提升。此外,将Staged SPGD算法直接应用于37、61、91路相干合成系统时,Staged SPGD算法相比传统SPGD算法收敛速度分别提升了37.88%、40.85%和41.10%,提升效果随相干合成单元数增加而更加显著,表明该算法在收敛速度、稳定性和扩展性方面均具有一定优势,具备扩展到大规模相干合成系统的潜力。

三线盾构隧道渐次掘进扰动影响分析

对于三线并行盾构隧道,后行隧道多次侧穿会对已建先行隧道造成扰动影响.基于Mindlin解,采用两阶段分析法,得到了先行隧道在两次盾构平行跨越下的水平附加位移解析解.与国家科学中心核心创新项目上海硬X射线三线并行盾构隧道现场监测数据进行对比,验证了方法的有效性.对三线隧道水平净距、结构纵向刚度、地层损失率及地层剪切模量进行了影响因素参数分析,研究结果表明:先行隧道在后行隧道平行跨越关键断面下产生的水平附加位移峰值与并行隧道水平距离、隧道结构纵向刚度、地层剪切模量成反比,与地层损失率成正比.研究成果可为合理预测后行隧道侧穿施工对已建先行隧道的影响提供一定的理论依据.

基于不等宽摩擦型叠梁模型的平行钢丝索层间滑移有限元分析

斜拉桥结构中,斜拉索锚固端往往存在强制转角,索内钢丝可能因此产生分层滑移,导致截面整体性被破坏、抗弯刚度退化。为探究平行钢丝索锚固端的分层滑移现象,基于不等宽摩擦型叠梁模型,通过引入非线性弹簧单元,提出一种模拟钢丝分层滑移的算法。依据该算法建立一个11层叠梁模型,对其在跨中集中力作用下的滑移扩展和变形规律进行进一步研究。结果表明:随着外荷载增加,叠梁接触层沿梁高方向从中性轴位置向两侧逐层产生滑移,沿梁长方向从固定端和跨中集中力作用点向两侧对称扩展;与此同时,该叠梁的全截面抗弯惯性矩呈指数衰减,最终约为初始状态的1/100,整体刚度也随滑移开展而加速衰减;受滑移效应影响,叠梁整体挠度呈非线性加速增长,但在低荷载水平时,叠梁锚固端附近位置接触层会全部滑移,从而导致该区域挠度按照线性规律增加,且增长幅度最大;此外,叠梁轴力会影响接触层的剪力传递效率,轴力越大,剪力传递效率越低,沿梁高方向产生滑移的接触层越少,沿梁长方向接触层滑移扩展速度越慢。

基于双面平行带线的全空间扫描漏波天线

为了实现从后向端射到前向端射的连续波束扫描天线,该文基于双面平行带线结构提出了一种具有全空间扫描能力的漏波天线。天线单元由双面平行带线传输线和一对反向加载的开路枝节组成,两个开路枝节分别位于传输线的上导带和下导带。加载的反向开路枝节等效为一个偶极子,使得天线单元具有全向辐射性能,作为整个全空间扫描漏波天线的基础单元。为了抑制周期漏波天线中的开阻带问题,又在天线基础单元上加载了一对平衡槽以实现频率平衡条件,还加载了一对匹配槽以匹配周期结构的阻抗。最后实现了一款天线原型,经仿真与实验验证,该天线能够在7.6 GHz到14.0 GHz的频率范围内,实现从后向端射,经侧向辐射,然后到前向端射的全空间扫描能力。

相控阵快速波束控制算法设计与FPGA实现

相控阵天线的电扫描特性使其具有扫描灵活、指向精确、可靠性高和抗干扰能力强等特点,其实现波束快速扫描、波束形状快速变化、同时多波束快速形成能力的关键技术之一是波束控制技术。针对多波束多阵元波束控制快速响应的需求,对常规单波束控制算法进行分解和优化,提出单波束内基于截断归一化的流水线设计算法、多波束并行计算方法,来进行移相控制码计算。该算法完成单波束内N个阵元的移相码计算仅需(N+12)T(其中T为系统工作时钟的周期,典型值为8 ns),可快速计算各天线阵元所需移相控制码。所提方法较传统单波束移相控制码计算方法时间缩短一个数量级以上,并已在FPGA上得到实际验证与应用。

空心锥体棱镜研制工艺研究

介绍一种空心锥体棱镜加工工艺。首先,采用光学冷加工技术加工三个玻璃基板,并进行滚外圆和镀膜处理;其次,利用夹具初步固定三个基板,并在粘贴区域涂胶;最后,采用自准直平行光管对空心锥体棱镜的核心技术指标进行实时监测,紫外灯进行固化处理,控制成型。实践证明:该工艺可以对空心锥体的二面角进行精确控制,适合大口径空心锥体棱镜的加工。

大口径米量级的激光光束质量测量装置标定方法研究

随着激光的应用越来越广泛,大口径米量级的激光光束质量测量具有重要的研究价值。为规避大气影响,对大口径米量级的激光光束质量的测量一般采用波前测量法在激光系统出口处直接测量。而为了实现精确测量,则需先对大口径米量级的激光光束质量测量系统进行零点标定。本文提出了一种采用小口径的标定光源对大口径测量系统进行扫描标定的方法,分析了不同扫描方式下由标定光源平行度残余误差引起的光斑质心偏移情况,并对不同扫描方式下不同标定光源平行度残余误差对系统测量精度的影响进行了仿真分析。根据波前复原结果,选择了单向扫描方式,并提出在缩比验证测量系统口径为127 mm时,标定光源平行度残余误差应不大于5μrad;在实际测量系统口径为1.27 m时,标定光源平行度残余误差应不大于0.5μrad。

高速公路小半径曲线梁桥布梁方案设计

弯桥设计历来是桥梁设计的难点,处理好上部构造(板或梁)与平面曲线半径的关系至关重要。以秦唐高速公路为依托,通过对某小半径互通匝道桥进行布梁方案设计,为同类型小半径曲线梁桥提供设计思路及参考。

伏龙大桥工程设计总结之结构与耐久性

传递路径简明的结构几何形体有助于提高结构效率,平顺的几何外形可减少形体突变引起的应力集中[1]。这一条对于钢结构桥梁同样适用,控制应力在理想水平,可减轻桥梁病害。伏龙大桥作为景观桥梁,充分考虑景观的同时,对结构体系和关键构造的设计,也进行了研究分析与优化。通过精细的计算和对比分析,使结构传力路径可靠,受力合理;对局部构造进行详细的优化设计创新。找到使景观与结构受力和谐统一的结构体系及最优的局部构造。总体与局部受力合理是确保正常使用期桥梁耐久性得到保障的第一步。