Effects of Nitrogen Application Amount during Various Periods on Yield of High Grade Hybrid Rapeseed

[Objective] The paper was to study the nitrogen application amount and nitrogen application model for high grade hybrid rapeseed （Brassica napus L.） to get high yield. [Method] With ＂Youyan 599＂ and ＂Sanbei 98＂ as materials, using quadratic regression orthogonal gyration combination design, the impact of nitrogen application amount during various periods on rapeseed yield was studied. [Result] The combinations of factors to obtain the highest yield index （2 898.211 kg / hm 2 ） of ＂Youyan 599＂ were as follows： living rape fertilizer 89.27 kg / hm 2 , opening fertilizer 120 kg / hm 2 , 12 th lunar month fertilizer 101.12 kg / hm 2 , total nitrogen application amount 310.39 kg / hm 2 . The proportions of living rape fertilizer, opening fertilizer and 12th lunar month fertilizer were 28.76%, 38.66% and 32.58%, respectively. The combinations of factors to obtain the highest yield index （2 870.14 kg/hm 2 ） of ＂Sanbei 98＂ were as follows： living rape fertilizer 120 kg / hm 2 , opening fertilizer 120 kg / hm 2 , 12 th lunar month fertilizer 37.55kg / hm 2 , total nitrogen application amount 277.55 kg / hm 2 . The proportions of living rape fertilizer, opening fertilizer and 12 th lunar month fertilizer were 43.24%, 43.24% and 13.53%, respectively. The combinations of factors to obtain the highest yield index of two combined varieties （2 813.82 kg/hm 2 ）were as follows： living rape fertilizer 120 kg/hm 2 , opening fertilizer 120 kg/hm 2 , 12 th lunar month fertilizer 76.23 kg/hm 2 , total nitrogen application amount 316.23 kg/hm 2 . The proportions of living rape fertilizer, opening fertilizer and 12 th lunar month fertilizer were 37.95% , 37.95% and 24.11% , respectively. [Conclusion] The paper provided theoretical basis for high yield cultivation of high grade hybridized rapeseed.

Comparions of Required Nitrogen Fertilizers by Hybrid Cultivar and Conventional Cultivar of Rapeseed(Brassica napus L.)

[Objective] The aim of this study was to understand the difference of N fertilizer requirement between hybrid rapeseed and conventional rapeseed. [Method] Two hybrid cultivars, ZY5628 and ZY7819, and the conventional cultivar ZS10, were compared through two field experiments. In Experiment 1, seed yield and optimum N application rate were assessed in the field with five N application treatments. In Expedment 2, N was applied uniformly at 180 kg/hm2, and plant biomass and N accumulation were measured at several developmental stages, while N use efficien- cy was calculated for rape at maturity. [Results] The experiment 1 results showed that seed yields of ZY5628 and ZY7819 were both significantly higher than that of ZS10, and compared to ZS10, optimum yield （plateau yield） was higher by 18.7% and 20.2%, while the recommended N application rate was lower by 9.5% and 9.6% for ZY5628 and ZY7819, respectively. The experiment 2 results showed that during vegetative development, all three cultivars exhibited similar accumulations of plant biomass and N, but through flowering and maturity ZY5628 and ZY7819 pro- duced more biomass, acquired more N, and utilized acquired N more efficiently to- wards seed production than ZS10. [Conclusion] With equivalent inputs, the hybrid rapeseed cultivars ZY5628 and ZY7819 tested herein yield more seed with higher N use efficiency than the conventional rapeseed ZS10. This information will be valu- able for growers seeking to improve efficiency while reducing costs of rape production in China.

Chemical composition,energy and amino acid digestibility in double-low rapeseed meal fed to growing pigs

Background： The nutritional value of rapeseed meal may be variable due to the variation of its chemical composition. And a precise understandin9 of the nutritional value of an ingredient is beneficial for the accurate diet formulation and reduction of feed costs. This study was conducted to determine the chemical composition, dicjestible energy （DE） and metabolizable enercjy （ME） content, and apparent ileal digestibility （AID） and standardized ileal dicjestibility （SID） of amino acids （AA） for growincj pigs. Thirteen solvent-extracted double-low rapeseed meal （DLIRSM） samples were obtained from the main double-low rapeseed producing areas in China. Methods： The DE and ME contents of the 13 DLRSM samples were measured in cjrowin9 pigs （six pigs per DLRSM sample, average initial body weicjht （BW） =48.3 kg）. The AID and SID of AA of 10 DLRSM samples were determined in 12 crossbred barrows （average initial BW = 35.3 kcj） by using two 6 x 6 Latin square designs. Each Latin square comprised one N-flee diet and 5 DLRSM test diets. Results： The chemical composition of DLRSM varied among samples, and the coefficient of variation was greater than ]0 % for ether extract （EE）, neutral detergent fiber （NDF）, acid detergent fiber （ADF）, calcium （Ca）, and total 91ucosinolates. The AA content of DLRSM varied among samples especially for lysine （Lys） and methionine （Met）. On a dry matter （DM） basis, the apparent total tract digestibility （ATFD） of gross energy （GE）, the DE and ME and the ME：DE ratio of DLRSM averaged 62.39 %, 2862 kcal/k9 and 2723 kcal/kcj, and 94.95 %, respectively. The mean value of S1D of Lys was 70.52 % which varied from 66.54-76.54 %. The SID of crude protein （CP）, Met, and threonine （Thr） averaged 72.81%, 82.41%, and 69.76 %, respectively. Conclusions： There was great variability in chemical composition especially in the concentration of EE, NDF and ADF, but no significant differences in energy content of the DLIRSM samples were observed. In addition, the AID and SID of all AA were relatively similar amoncj DLRSM samples except for that of Lys.

Ecological Adaptability of New Hybrid Rapeseed Varieties in Sichuan Hilly Areas

[Objective] The aim was to explore rapeseed varieties adapting to local conditions, with optimal yielding capacity and growth period. [Method] The research performed analysis on yield, yielding components, and interaction effects in different groups and test sites based on hybrid rapeseeds in Mianyang during 2012-2015.[Conclusion] Mianyou 33, Mianyou 88 and Mianyou 309 showed insignificant differences in yield. The analysis of variance suggested that yield of Mianyou 309 was the highest and the variety was suitable to be planted in high erucic acid rapeseed bases. Mianyou 88 and Mianyou 33 are double-low varieties, characterized by high and stable yielding. [Conclusion] The research provides references for rapeseed production in hilly areas in Sichuan Province.

Optimal Supplement Dosage of Double-Low Rapeseed Meal in Concentrated Feed of Fattening Lambs

[ Objective] To determine the optimal supplement dosage of double-low rapeseed meal in concentrated feed of fattening lambs. [ Method] A total of 120 Tibetan lambs at the age of 50 d were selected and divided randomly into four groups. The lambs in these four groups were fed with diets respectively supplemented the double-low rapeseed meal of 50,100,150 and 200 g/kg. Their diets had the same nutritional levels of energy and protein. The experimental period was 120 d. [ Result] Daily gain, feed conservation ratio and economic benefits were largely increased in the lambs fed with the diets supplemented the double-low rapeseed meal of 150 g/kg （Daily gain, P 〈 0.01 ）. However, the daily gain and feed conservation ratio were largely decreased in the lambs fed with the diets supplemented the double-low rapeseed meal of 200 g/kg. Moreover, serum levels of transaminase and thyroxine were not significantly different between the four groups. [ Conclusion] The optimal supplement dosage of the double-low rapeseed meal is 150 g/kg in fattening lambs.

Full Mechanized Production Technology for Double-Low Rapeseed in Xianning City

This paper standardizes the operation of rapeseed production including variety choosing,field preparation,mechanical seeding,field management,mechanical harvesting etc.,to realize full mechanization of rapeseed production. The key technologies: the optimum sowing date was from mid-September to mid-October in rapeseed-rice（corn） double cropping system region,and from mid-October to late October in rapeseed-rice-rice triple-cropping region; seeding rate was 4. 5 kg/ha-6. 0 kg/ha; the optimum density was 450000-750000 plants per ha;150-240 kg N fertilizer,60-90 kg P2O5 fertilizer,90-135 kg K2O fertilizer and 7. 5-15 kg B fertilizer were used per ha,50% of N fertilizer and the rest of fertilizer were used as basal fertilizer; segmented harvesting was done when 70%-80% of siliques per plant was yellow and combined harvesting was done when more than 90% of siliques per plant was yellow or brown.

Effect of Cultivation Conditionss on Quality Parameters of High Grade Hybrid Rape of Brassica napus L.

[Objective] This study aimed to investigate the combined effects of sowing date, plant density, nitrogenous fertilizer, phosphorus fertilizer and potassium fertilizer on quality parameters of high grade hybrid rapeseed. [Method] By using Youyan 599 and Sanbei 98 as experimental materials, quadratic orthogonal rotation combination with five factors was designed for this study. [Result] Erucic acid content was nega- tively correlated with sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer, positively correlated with plant density. Glucosinolate content was negatively correlated with sowing date, positively correlated with potash fertilizer amount. Oil content was negatively correlated with sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer amount, positively correlated with plant density and potash fertilizer amount. Protein content was positively correlated with sowing date and nitrogen fertilizer amount, negatively correlated with plant density and potash fer- tilizer amount. Oleic acid content was negatively correlated with phosphate fertilizer amount, positively correlated with nitrogen fertilizer amount. Palmitic acid was nega- tively correlated with potash fertilizer amount, positively correlated with sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount and phosphate fertilizer amount in Youyan 599, but negatively correlated with sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount and phosphate fertilizer amount in Sanbei 98. Stearic acid content was posi- tively correlated with sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount and phos- phate fertilizer amount. Linoleic acid was positively correlated with density and nitroge- nous fertilizer, but negatively correlated with potash fertilizer amount. Linolenic acid was positively correlated with nitrogen fertilizer amount and potash fertilizer amount. Eicosenoic acid was negatively correlated with sowing date. There were positive cor- relations and negative correlations among cultivation conditions and quality parame- ters, and the positive correlations and negative correlations could counteract each other. Expression of quality parameters for each treatment was the combined effect. Among the 50 pairs of simple correlations of five cultivation factors and ten quality parameters, 26 pairs were consistent between two varieties, 24 pairs of simple corre- lation were not. Sowing date, plant density, nitrogen fertilizer amount and phosphate fertilizer amount showed significant influence on erucic acid of two varieties, but small effect on palmitic acid. [Conclusion] The combined effect of the five cultivation factors could not fundamentally improve the quality traits of high grade hybrid rapeseed.

使用化学杂交剂SX-1采用多母一父方式配制油菜杂交种的高效育种方法

通过使用化学杂交剂SX-1诱导型雄性不育系(CIMS),采用多母一父方式配制多个油菜杂交种并从中筛选强优势组合,以期快速培育成新品种并应用于生产。应用多个综合农艺性状优良的高代自交系为亲本,利用化学杂交剂SX-1诱导母本自交系为不育系,与一个父本在隔离区内完成授粉结实,并按照杂交种的生产要求进行组合制种。2007-2015年,用该方法累计配置杂交组合248个,依据综合抗性、产量、品质、生育期及适宜机械化收获等性状,最终筛选培育出7个适宜不同生态区种植的优质杂交种。用CIMS两系法育成品种7个,平均含油量47.70%,制种平均单产2385.00 kg/hm^(2),而用细胞质雄性不育三系法育成品种1个,平均含油量45.80%,制种平均单产1503.00 kg/hm^(2)。与同期细胞质雄性不育的三系法育成的品种相比,采用CIMS两系法育成的品种数量多、含油量和制种产量高,而且该方法亲本选择范围广、一次配制组合多、操作简单便捷、省时省工高效,可实现当年制种当年使用(春制冬用),从而有效缩短育种周期、提高育种效率、节约生产成本、促进示范推广,是一种新型高效的育种方法,具有重要的科学价值和生产应用价值。

高产优质甘蓝型杂交油菜新品种黔油17号的选育

用甘蓝型油菜细胞核隐性雄性不育系98-116A与抗逆性强的双低恢复材料ZW004测配,通过单株成对测交筛选鉴定出强优势组合黔油17号。该组合在2000—2002年贵州省油菜新品种区域试验中产量为2430.00kg/hm2,比对照油研7号增产9.64%。黔油17号表现出高产、优质、抗逆性强、生长势强、熟期适中等优点。

化学杂交剂诱导油菜雄性不育机理的研究——Ⅰ.杀雄剂1号对甘蓝型油菜花药毡绒层和花粉粒形成的影响

研究揭示了甘蓝型油菜花药壁发育类型属双子叶型,毡绒层为同型单起源毡绒层,又可称为分泌型腺质毡绒层。用0.03％杀雄剂1号处理9个不同发育时期的甘蓝型油莱,研究其诱导雄性不育的效果,结果表明:造胞细胞时期以前处理都是无效的,花粉母细胞以后处理才有效,尤以单核期处理效果最好,不育株率接近100％。这是由于杀雄剂1号诱导甘蓝型油菜花药毡绒层偏离了正常的发育方式,而形成异常的毡绒层,表现为毡绒层增厚,提早解体,与药壁中层分离,并由此产生各种形状的败育花粉。花粉中出现细胞质收缩、空秕,无花粉壁和药中无花粉等现象。文中还对杀雄剂1号诱导甘蓝型油菜雄性不育的作用机制进行了讨论。

SSR标记技术在甘蓝型油菜杂交种纯度鉴定中的应用

利用简化的SSR标记技术对甘蓝型油菜杂交种丰油701、丰油730和湘杂油4号的制种样进行纯度分析,并将丰油701收获样各单株的SSR分析结果与其育性表现进行了比对.结果筛选了38对SSR引物,其中引物Na10-D09在3个品种的不育系与恢复系间的扩增片段大小均存在差异.种植鉴定和SSR鉴定的纯度比较分析表明,SSR技术得到的纯度鉴定结果较种植鉴定的结果更为可靠.

我国油菜化学杀雄+细胞质雄性不育的应用研究

对化学杀雄 +细胞质雄性不育 ( CH+ CMS)的油菜杂种优势利用途径进行了探讨。CH+ CMS不仅具有用药量少、安全、对 CMS的不育性要求低、杀雄彻底、技术难度低易掌握 ,易推广等特点 ,同时克服了 CH杀正常油菜用药量大 ,易产生药害、技术难度高、且杀雄不彻底和 CMS初花期出现微粉的问题。CH+ CMS既可以降低不育系的选择难度 ,易于选出强优势组合 ,又可提高制种纯度 。

花叶性状的遗传及其在杂交油菜育种中的应用

以花叶油菜宁RS1和CMS恢复系TD7、宁R1为亲本材料配制杂交组合 ,研究花叶性状的遗传表现 ,选育花叶恢复系。结果表明 ,宁RS1的花叶性状为显性性状 ,由 1对基因控制 ,可以作为苗期标记性状 ,通过苗床间苗、定苗和移栽时甄别能有效提高杂交油菜的种植纯度。在产量比较试验中 ,花叶杂交组合 (宁A6×T1 0 2 )产量 3 1 95kg/hm2 ,比对照宁油 1 0号增产 1 0 .94 % ,有生产应用价值。

不同氮水平对优质甘蓝型黄籽杂交油菜产量和品质性状的影响

以油研9号、10号为材料,研究不同氮肥施用水平对优质杂交油菜8个品质性状的影响,结果表明:氮肥对优质杂交油菜的含油率、芥酸、硫甙、种子蛋白质产生极显著的影响,对油酸影响不显著。对亚油酸、亚麻酸、花生烯酸的影响因品种而显著程度不同。含油率与施氮量间呈极显著的负相关,芥酸、花生烯酸与施氮量间呈极显著正相关,亚麻酸与施氮量间呈显著或极显著正相关,硫甙、亚油酸与施氮量间呈显著或极显著负相关,油酸与施氮量间呈不显著或显著正相关;各品质性状与施氮量间的相关性是完全一致的,只是相关显著程度不同。各品质性状间含油率与硫甙呈极显著正相关,与种子蛋白质呈极显著负相关。芥酸与种子蛋白质、亚麻酸、花生烯酸间均呈极显著正相关。硫甙与种子蛋白质、花生烯酸呈极显著负相关,与亚油酸呈显著正相关。种子蛋白质与花生烯酸呈极显著正相关。其它品质性状间的相关性是完全一致的,只是相关的显著程度不同。在本试验的土壤肥力条件和施氮水平范围内,获得最高产量和油产量的施氮量分别为210 kg/hm2和195 kg/hm2,且在获得高产时完全可保证油和饼粕的品质优良。

甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系203A及其杂交种成油1号的选育

成油1号是利用细胞质雄性不育系203A与恢复系1266C杂交选育而成的“三系”杂交种。2002年参加国家黄淮区域试验,平均产量2 630 kg/hm2,比对照品种秦油2号增产1.21%。2003年续试,平均产量2 998.4kg/hm2,比对照秦油2号增产4.08%,达极显著水平,居参试品种第一位。2004年参加国家黄淮区生产试验,平均产量为2 580.6 kg/hm2,比对照减产1.79%,减产不显著。成油1号芥酸含量0.45%,硫苷含量22.79μmol/g,含油量42.14%,属双低油菜杂交种。

杂交油菜湘杂油1号的高产分析

1999至 2 0 0 0年对湖南省范围内湘杂油 1号高产示范典型田块的油菜产量、产量结构和栽培措施进行了统计分析 ,结果表明 ,湘杂油 1号产量达 30 0 0～ 395 8.9kg/hm2 的产量结构为角果 5 2 5 0～ 6 75 0万个 /hm2 ,每角 2 0粒以上 ,千粒重 4g以上 ,植株高度 185～ 198cm ,一次分枝数和二次分枝数各 10个左右。

甘蓝型油菜角果光合日变化特性的研究

用LI-6400光合作用测定系统对4个甘蓝型杂交油菜品种角果的光合、蒸腾及水分利用效率等的日变化进行了研究,结果表明:油菜角果净光合速率(Pn)的日变化呈双峰曲线,两个峰值相差39.173%,上午的Pn平均比下午高25.694%,有明显的"光合午休"现象,"光合午休"产生的原因主要是由于气孔因素限制;蒸腾速率的日变化也为双峰曲线、中午前后有明显的降低,但两个峰值相差仅4.731%,峰值出现的时间也相对推后,下午蒸腾速率平均比上午高33.983;水分利用效率的日变化曲线为非典型的双峰曲线,不同品种之间有很大差别;本文还对引起角果净光合速率、蒸腾速率、水分利用效率和气孔导度等产生日变化的因素进行了相关分析。

用SSR分子标记检测杂交油菜秦优7号的种子纯度

杂交油菜中的主要杂株类型是母本不育株和父本恢复株。通过对100对SSR引物筛选,获得1对可将杂交油菜秦优7号及其父母本区分开来的SSR引物SA82,扩增产物杂交种表现为父母本的互补带型,在30 g/L的琼脂糖凝胶上显带清晰稳定。通过简化油菜DNA提取方法、优化反应体系、重复使用琼脂糖凝胶等,建立了适用于杂交油菜秦优7号种子纯度检测的SSR技术系统。经对大量油菜杂交种个体进行验证,证明该方法具有很好的重复性、准确性和可靠性,同时具有快速、经济的特点,可用于杂交油菜种子纯度的实际检测。

两系法杂交油菜研究现状及展望

阐述了我国两系法杂交油菜育种研究取得的可喜进展,已选育出一批两用不育系及配置的 10多个组合通过审定;“十五”以来两系法杂交油菜研究开发速度加快,已在长江流域大面积推广。并讨论了目前发展中存在的问题及对未来两系法油菜发展前景作了展望。

BHL等4种药物对油菜杀雄效果的研究

采用不同浓度的BHL、快灭灵、乙烯利、二甲四氯钠在油菜蕾薹期对白菜型油菜自交系143C和甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系203A进行杀雄效果试验。结果表明：用0.5μg/mL BHL在油菜薹高15-20 cm,最大花蕾1.5-2.5 mm时期叶面喷施,单株受药量15-17 mL,间隔10 d后用相同浓度再喷一次,单株受药量8-10 mL,可诱发白菜型油菜91%全不育株率,可使甘蓝型油菜细胞质雄性不育系完全不育,低温不再产生微粉。而另3种药物在本试验中几乎没有杀雄效果。细胞学观察化学杀雄后白菜型油菜143C花药的发育过程：在造孢期造孢细胞粘连,空泡化;减数分裂至四分体期,花药不发育,或绒毡层与花粉母细胞粘连变形;单胞、二三胞花粉期药室有少量畸形花粉粒、或死花粉粒、或完全无花粉粒。