Selection of Winter Rape Varieties in the National Early Maturing Area

[Objective] This study aimed to promote the sustainable development of rape industry, and to meet the growing demand of urban and rural residents for vegetable oil. [Method] Field test was conducted for winter rape varieties in the national early maturing area in 2015, and their yield, main economic traits, growth period, consistency and stress resistance were evaluated comprehensively. [Result] Xiangyou 420, Qingza 12, Qianyouzao 3 and Yunyouza 16 could be applied in Baoshan City, Yunnan Province, and Yangguang 1418, Shengguang 127 and Qingza 10 （CK） should be further tested. [Conclusion] The results can be demonstratively applied in Baoshan City and other similar regions, so as to promote the development of rape industry.

Screening of Winter Rape Varieties Suitable for Northern Guangxi

[Objective] The study was conducted to provide a reference for develop- ment of fine winter rape varieties in northern Guangxi. [Method] In 2012 and 2013, 11 winter rape varieties were evaluated in northern Guangxi using randomized com- plete block design, Data such as yield and diseases were collected and analyzed. [Result] Among all the 11 varieties tested, the highest yield was recorded in variety Chuanzao NHl105. Dadi 95, FDl102, Chuanzao NHl105 and SWUl112 exhibited disease resistance better than Qinghai 131. [Conclusion] The winter rape varieties of FD105 and Qianza J102 were found suitable for planting in northern Guangxi.

Variety Comparative Test for Rape in Leiyang County, 2013-2014

Through comparing 13 new rape varieties, we found Xiangzayou 631, Huaxiangyou 16 and Xiangzayou 763 al had strong resistance to Sclerotinia sclero-tiorum, excellent comprehensive characters and high yield. They could be planted in planting areas of one-season rice and dry-land rape in Leiyang. Changzayou 3, Xi-angzayou 4, Zhongyou 112 and Fengyou 520 had the advantage of short growth period and al matured around April 25th. This would not affect the two-season rice production in Leiyang. Therefore, they were suitable for being promoted in rice-rice-oil triple-cropping areas.

Screening and Application of Oilseed Rape Varieties with High Yield and High Harvest Index

28 oilseed rape Pol CMS three-line hybrid combinations diallel-crossed were compared in the yield and harvest index and analyzed on the correlation between the experimental yields and harvest indexes in this study. The correlation coeffcient was only 0.365 4, lower than a signifcant level, which indicated that there was no signifcant positive （or negative） correlation between the economic yields and the harvest indexes in oilseed rape. Among them, 8 hybrid combinations including 7 with a harvest index〉0.30 and one with a harvest index〈0.27 increased signifcantly in the yields compared with the control, and then were screened for production experiment. Under different cultivation methods, all the 8 combinations had a stable harvest index, and the combinations with higher harvest indexes also had a stable performance in yields. An oilseed rape variety Fengyou 737 with higher yield and harvest index selected through a further screening was grown with the harvest indexhigher than 0.33 whether transplanted or directly seeded in Yangtze River Basin Demonstration Area, demonstrating stable high yields as well as good ecological adaptability. The combination of yield and harvest index in the study is conducive to breeding a new oilseed rape variety with stable yields and good tolerance to close planting.

SWOT Analysis of Industrial Development of Double-low Rapeseed in Hubei Province

Based on SWOT analysis method,this paper conducts analysis on the industrial development environment of double-low rapeseed in Hubei Province from the following four aspects,in order to crystallize its resources advantage and disadvantage and make it know the opportunities and challenges that it is faced by.First,advantage analysis:excellent geographic conditions,vigorous government support,powerful scientific research force,sound industrial system support;second,disadvantage analysis:poor quality,low-level fine and deep processing,scant publicity and promotion,lagged infrastructure conditions,shortage of effective market access mechanism and sound industry regulation,no brand effect;opportunity analysis:the opportunities brought by low-carbon economy,the opportunities brought by consumers' preference,the opportunities brought by policy environment,the opportunities brought by establishment of strategic union;threat analysis:fierce external competition,continuous decline of comparative benefit.The results of research show that in order to promote industrial development of double-low rapeseed in Hubei Province,we should implement brand effect strategy,quality management strategy and strategy of deepening industrial system,give full play to existing geographic advantage and other advantages,grasp scarce opportunities and actively confront challenges.

Variety Characteristics and Cultivation Techniques of Rape Changzayou 3

High-quality hybrid rape Changzayou 3 is a new yellow-seed double-low rape variety with high yield, good resistance to diseases and lodging and high oil content, suitable for winter cropping in central China. Its high-yield cultivation tech- niques are mainly early seeding at proper time, thinning timely, rational close planting, scientific fertilization, control of diseases and pest and weeding.

油菜抗根肿病品种在云南省西南发病区的田间评价

通过明确‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’2个抗根肿病油菜品种的田间抗性、农艺性状和产量情况,为油菜根肿病重发区筛选出优良的抗病品种。本研究在云南省西南地区的腾冲市、梁河县和临翔县3个油菜根肿病病区进行田间试验,采用本课题组研发品种和当地主推品种作为对照。田间试验结果显示,‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’在3个试验点均能正常成熟安全越冬,生育期176~199d,各生育期表现整齐一致;‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’在腾冲和梁河点对油菜根肿病表现为高度抗病,在临翔点表现为抗病;‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’在3个试验点的农艺性状良好;‘华双5R’的产量在3个试验点与7个对照品种相比,比梁河点的‘云油杂12号’减产2.71%,与腾冲点的‘云油杂12号’和‘杂1256’、梁河点的‘云油杂15’和‘花油8号’、临翔点的‘云油杂12号’和‘德油1号’相比增产幅度为7.49%~56.83%;‘华油杂62R’的产量在3个试验点与7个对照品种相比,比梁河点的‘云油杂12号’减产5.76%,比临翔点的‘德油1号’减产4.61%,与腾冲点的‘云油杂12号’和‘杂1256’、梁河点的‘云油杂15’和‘花油8号’、临翔点的‘云油杂12号’相比增产幅度为4.12%~51.90%。‘华双5R’和‘华油杂62R’在3个试验点均能正常成熟,生育期176~199d,对根肿病表现出较强抗性,同时农艺性状良好、产量较高,可在云南省西南地区油菜根肿病病区推广种植。

西南旱坡地适栽油菜品种筛选试验

为筛选出适宜在西南旱坡地种植的高产抗逆油菜品种,选择西南片区市面上具有代表性的21个油菜品种(组合)进行大田试验,分别对抗病性、抗倒性、农艺性状和产量等指标进行综合评价。结果表明,除‘川油36’‘德5油33’外,其余油菜品种均具备较好的抗倒性。‘蜀龙油2号油满缸’‘川油83’‘宁杂11号’‘德兴油12号’‘德5油700’抗病性较强;‘蜀龙油2号油满缸’‘川油83’‘宁杂11号’‘德兴油12号’‘川油48’生长势与整齐度较好;‘德兴油12号’‘蜀龙油2号油满缸’农艺性状较优;‘德兴油12号’产量最高,较其余品种增产2.99%~139.72%。综上所述,‘德兴油12号’在生长势、抗逆性、农艺性状和产量等方面综合表现最优,可作为西南旱坡地油菜主导品种大面积种植。

新育油菜品种六安市区域试验研究

对2022—2023年度参加国家油菜新品种试验4个处理共44个参试新品种和2个对照品种的生育期、生长势、抗逆性和产量及其构成进行了综合分析和比较,筛选出适合六安地区种植的优质、高产、多抗的油菜新品种,为区域油菜品种更新作储备。结果显示,在参试品种中,陕油SL1306、宁杂2010、浙油杂813、金PX13、徽优11606、秦油73、天核油98、合油杂5005等品种田间生长整齐度一致,生长势强,生育期适中,抗寒、抗倒,菌核病发病率低,产量和其他性状均表现良好,符合六安地区的选种目标,可进入下一年试验示范。

不同油菜品种在西藏日喀则市生长及饲草产量研究初报

为筛选适宜在西藏日喀则市种植的青饲油菜品种,以双低甘蓝型新品种(系)材料150131为对照,对5个不同油菜品种农艺性状、饲草产量等进行了品种(系)比较试验。通过对试验结果的综合评价分析,发现核杂19号饲用价值高,较适合作为西藏日喀则市种植青饲油菜品种。

临湘市黄盖镇油菜品种比较试验

为了筛选出适宜在临湘市黄盖镇种植的高产、优质、适应性强的油菜新品种,选择20个油菜品种进行比较试验。结果表明:圣缘1号、圣光50、华油杂50、明堂油115R、德油737出苗整齐,秧苗长势较好,植株高大,生育期适宜,产量较高,综合表现较好,建议在临湘市黄盖镇推广种植;湘杂油518、华油杂15、圣光86产量低,植株长势较弱,不宜在临湘市黄盖镇推广种植。

Analysis of yield and quality characteristics of winter oilseed rape in China from 2001 to 2015: towards future breeding goals

The exciting outcomes of national regional trials have led to production and industrialization of China oilseed rape to a larger extent. To understand current trends of yield and quality traits of new varieties, data of national winter oilseed rape trials from 2001 to 2015 in 4 districts （upper, middle, lower Yangtze River and Huang-Huai River） was comprehensively analyzed. Results showed that average yield of new varieties of winter oilseed rape increased during the study period. In 2013, average yield of each district reached its highest level. Number of pod per plant reached its peak in 2011 and then declined rapidly in the next 4 years. Average number of seeds per pod did not signif-cantly changed in any districts. Moreover, 1,000 seeds weight increased most obviously in Huang-Huai River district. After 2007, new oilseed rape varieties encountered the dou-ble-low quality （i.e., low erucic acid and low glucosinolate）. In addition, oil content of new oilseed rape varieties increased over 15 years period and average oil content of all tested varieties during 2006-2015 was 42.96%, which was 2.38% higher than in 2005. Future breeding goals should be set to further improve yield, oil content, oil quality （such as high oleic acid and low saturated fatty acids）, achieve full mechanization of oilseed rape pro-duction process and develop ideotypes.

品种、播期及药剂处理对油菜根肿病的控制效应评价

为探索有效治理油菜根肿病的技术手段与治理对策,在江西省婺源县开展了油菜不同抗性品种、同一品种在适播期内调整播期、病田增施生石灰及药剂消毒油菜播种穴洞土壤与苗后施药等技术措施对根肿病的控制效应研究。结果表明,华油杂62R田间平均病株率为3.75%,显著低于赣油杂8号等感病品种80%以上的田间病株率,在根肿病防控上具有明显的抗病性优势。油菜同一品种在相同区域播种,迟播较早播的田间病株率显著降低。病田施用生石灰和不同药剂在一定程度上减轻了油菜根肿病的病株率及为害损失。试验证实抗病品种的应用在根肿病防控中具有显著作用;油菜在安全播期内适当推迟播种、病田施用生石灰降低土壤酸度及采用土壤消毒和油菜苗期药剂干预等措施,对油菜根肿病均具有一定的控制效应。综上所述,抗病品种的推广应用、油菜品种播期的合理安排、病田生石灰的安全使用及苗期药剂的早期干预,对油菜根肿病的综合防控具有叠加效应。

我国油菜品种登记与推广现状分析

依据《中华人民共和国种子法》,从2017年5月起,我国对油菜品种由原来的审定管理改为登记管理。截至2021年7月,我国共登记油菜品种1212个。为掌握我国油菜品种选育水平,围绕产业需求指明育种创新方向,更好地发挥品种登记制度作用,本文分析了我国油菜登记品种现状,提出了有关建议。研究发现,登记品种中新选育品种占比近一半,几乎全部为国内自主选育品种(仅1个为境外引进),主要由主产区省份登记,以甘蓝型杂交品种为主,抗寒性受到更多关注,抗病性增强,含油量提升明显,品质明显改良,但也存在多数品种未申请品种权保护、短生育期品种较少等问题。针对存在的问题,围绕产业发展需求,本文建议在完善品种登记制度的基础上,要尽快修订品种登记办法及指南,加强事后监管;在品种选育创新方向上,要加强生育期短、适宜机械化种植和菜用、肥用、饲用等多用途品种的选育,从而推动我国油菜产业高质量发展。

陕西近年登记油菜品种产量和主要性状变化趋势分析

通过搜集整理2018-2021年陕西省64个国家登记油菜品种的信息,对其产量、主要性状的变化、相关性和主成份进行分析,以期了解品种更替趋势和对各育种目标性状的方向性要求,探索产量和各性状间的关联性及育种策略。结果表明:随年份更替,整体来讲,株高和千粒重稍有升高趋势,年际间变化率分别为5.27%和1.88%;有效分枝数和单株角果数呈下降趋势,其中单株角果数以年际间15.25%的变化率发生极显著变化;每角粒数、芥酸、硫苷和含油量的变化平稳,年均变化量分别为0.79、0.04%、1.77μmol/g和1.44%。相关性分析揭示,产量与单株角果数、每角粒数紧密关联,其余各性状间的协同作用或抑制作用共同构成了品种的特异性、一致性和稳定性。PCA分析筛选出了对总体方差累计贡献率达63.18的3个主成分,其中株高、有效分枝数、单株角果数、每角粒数和千粒重等是造成这些品种间差异的主要因素。未来育种,继续保持双低标准的同时,提升每角粒数和千粒重等性状,从而达到高产的目标。

不同品种(系)油菜对锑的富集转运特性

采用大田试验方法,分析种植于锑污染农田中的29个品种(系)甘蓝型油菜(Brassica napus L.)的生长及根、茎、叶、荚、籽粒吸收和转运锑的能力。结果表明:常香油3号的单株干质量(126.84 g)远高于其他供试油菜的,具有较明显的生长优势;油菜叶、荚、根、茎、籽粒中锑含量依次降低,叶中锑含量远高于其他器官的,是油菜中锑的主要富集部位,油菜茎、叶、荚、籽粒中锑含量与根中锑含量呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关,籽粒锑含量与根、茎中锑含量呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关,说明籽粒中锑主要随着油菜根和茎向上运输而不断积累;南油杂1号和米油518对锑的生物富集系数分别为1.11和0.06,分别为29个品种(系)中最高和最低的,分别属于高积累和低积累品种,它们籽粒中锑质量分数仅为0.38和0.22 mg/kg,两者均可作为锑污染土壤修复的优选油菜品种;茎到叶(TFSL)、茎到荚(TFSP)、茎到籽粒(TFSS)、根到茎(TFRS)、荚到籽粒(TFPS)、叶到荚(TFLP)、叶到籽粒(TFLS)的转运系数依次降低;籽粒锑含量与TFRS呈显著(P<0.05)正相关,与TFPS、TFLS、TFSS呈极显著(P<0.01)正相关,与TFSP呈极显著(P<0.01)负相关,说明油菜籽粒锑含量主要决定于荚和叶中锑向籽粒的转运能力。

高产双低核不育杂交油菜新品种黔油31号的选育

【目的】选育适宜长江上游种植的产量高、含油量高、品质优、抗性好的双低油菜杂交种,满足长江上游复杂生态条件对双低油菜品种的需求。【方法】贵州省油料研究所利用自育隐性核不育两型系黔油6AB为母本、自育优良双低高含油量恢复系11-4490为父本,围绕高产高油优质多抗的甘蓝型半冬性隐性核不育两型系杂交油菜新品种的育种目标进行选育。【结果】在2014—2016年国家冬油菜品种区域试验(长江上游区)中,2015年和2016年黔油31号油菜籽产量分别为194.36 kg/667m^(2)和178.17 kg/667m^(2),分别较对照(南油12)增产11.78%和15.65%,达极显著水平;综合2年试验结果,22个点次中17个点增产,油菜籽平均产量186.26 kg/667m^(2),比对照增产13.72%。生育期205.9 d,比对照早熟0.2 d;株高193.00 cm,有效分枝数7.07个,单株有效角果数299.25个,角粒数18.78粒,千粒重4.10 g。黔油31号芥酸、硫甙和含油量分别为0.2%、25.59μmol/g和44.33%。【结论】黔油31号于2019年6月通过国家非主要农作物品种登记,已在贵州大面积推广种植,其苗期生长势较强,成熟一致性好,分枝性较强,抗倒性较强,抗病性中等,丰产性好,品质达双低标准。适宜在贵州、四川、重庆、云南、陕西勉县等长江上游冬油菜主产区或相似区域秋季种植。

怀化市稻油轮作模式下油菜品种比较试验

为筛选出适应怀化山区高品质、高产量的油菜品种,在以稻油两熟制生产模式的基础上,选用湖南省主要推广的11个油菜品种,并采用当地主栽品种湘杂油787为对照(CK),开展不同油菜品种比较试验。结果表明:不同油菜品种全生育期在204~209 d,其中沣油958的生育期最短,为204 d,比CK短3 d,春云6号的生育期最长,达209 d,比CK长2 d;各油菜品种苗期生长的一致性表现均为整齐;春云6号抗菌核病最强,发病率为3.50%,病情指数为0.25;湘杂油518产量最高,为2440.80 kg/hm^(2),比CK高出12.44%,其株高较高、单株有效角果数也较多。其次是华油杂160R,产量为2397.45 kg/hm^(2),比CK高出10.44%。综合考虑,在不影响水稻生长季节、稳定和提升油菜种植效益的情况下,建议推广湘杂油518、华油杂160R、春云6号品种。

不同油菜品种对根肿病的抗性分析

为鉴定并筛选抗根肿病的油菜品种,2010年在云南省油菜根肿病的重发区保山市隆阳区板桥镇高海村,对9个主栽油菜品种和7个从国内各育种单位引进的品种进行根肿病抗性研究。结果表明:油菜苗期田间渍水,能明显加重根肿病危害,显著降低油菜最终收获产量;根肿病从苗期始危害油菜、薹期最重、成熟期危害发病率和病情指数均略有下降;供试16个品种对油菜根肿病的抗性可分为3类,其中A35、花油7号和云油双1号3个品种在全生育期均表现出较强的抗根肿病能力,可作为云南根肿病常发区主导品种和育种材料使用。

甘蓝型油菜的抗裂角性鉴定及品种筛选

油菜生产效益的提高有赖于机械化进程的推进,而机械化收获要求油菜品种具有较强的抗裂角性。为明确我国最新育成的油菜杂交种（或品系）对机械化收获的适应性,以改进后的随机碰撞法对2008年参加湖北省和全国长江中游区油菜品种区试的50份甘蓝型油菜进行了抗裂角性鉴定。结果表明,抗裂角指数为0.020-0.470,对照品种中油杂2号的抗裂角指数为0.218,大致处于中间值。将抗裂角指数范围分为：〉0.4,0.3-0.4,0.2-0.3,0.1-0.2及〈0.1五个区域,被鉴定的50份甘蓝型油菜在这5个区域的分布频数分别为5,5,10,17和13个,表明我国最近育成的油菜杂交种（或新品系）的抗裂角性存在较大的差异,有望通过筛选获得适合机械化收获的品种。对抗裂角指数较高的10份材料的产量和品质性状进一步分析,筛选出了三北98、中油112等2个通过了区试并获得审定、具有适合机械化收获性状的油菜新品种,可以直接推广利用。