Research on the Legal Framework of Content Regulations for Network Platforms

In the era of the Internet,various network platforms have evolved into new hubs for information dissemination.Currently,China has established a platform-centered content regulation framework,wherein platforms proactively enforce content regulations in accordance with legal censorship obligations.Additionally,platform policies and user agreements augment their authority in content regulation.The platforms can achieve cost-effective and highly efficient content regulation by leveraging their strategic advantages enabled by their own technical capabilities and extensive coverage.The platform self-regulation model,however,still faces challenges.First,accurately evaluating content remains a formidable task;second,ensuring effective platform publicity through self-regulation poses difficulties;third,users may potentially face disadvantages due to the platform’s right of self-regulation;and fourth,digital copyright owners face challenges when defending digital copyright disputes under the safe harbor rule.Therefore,it is imperative to establish,review,and revise the legal framework for content regulation of network platforms in order to enhance the efficiency of their governance systems.The formulation of the legal framework for content regulation of network platforms may encompass the following aspects:rationalizing obligations pertaining to platform content regulations,enhancing supervision over platform self-regulation,and establishing a dual-track responsibility system for digital copyright content regulation.This will ensure a harmonious balance among public interests,users’personal rights and interests,and commercial benefits through regulating the content on network platforms.

Primary and Secondary Microplastic and Nanoplastic Regulations: Perspectives on Water Industry Impacts

Plastic pollution, both primary and secondary, is an environmental challenge, prompting regulatory actions at global and regional levels. With increasing research about the impacts of micro- and nanoplastics on ecosystems and human health, governments worldwide have undertaken efforts to address this issue. The global community has advanced regulatory efforts that have led to the implementation of national laws or regulations in numerous countries. These measures ban or restrict the use of primary and secondary microplastics and nanoplastics. An overview of global and European regulatory frameworks is presented to provide context for the United States (US). In the endeavor to document plastics regulation development in the US, a description of regulatory agencies and their roles in advancing policy and rules as well as future direction and areas for improvement in regulating plastics are introduced. A discussion of what emerging regulations mean to utilities and industries is also provided along with a comparison of regulatory frameworks.

Contribution to Computer Waste Management:Knowledge of the Regulatory Framework by Industry Stakeholders in Guinea

In African countries,regulations on the management of WTE(Waste from Information Technology Equipment)are non-existent or sometimes insufficient,if they exist.This study shows how to mention waste from information technology equipment in a country that does not have a regulatory legislative framework or organized management channels.A methodological approach based on documentary research and semi-directed interviews was adopted in this work.The results showed that 54.55%of institutional managers are unaware of the existence of regulations for the management of WTE,both at the national and international levels;72.72%of these managers do not have a specific implementing text for this management;72.73%of institutions have adopted an acquisition policy based on the needs of workers and 81.82%of institutions store WTE in warehouses.Relations with waste collection SMEs(Small and Midsize Enterprises),especially for IT equipment,are limited for 72.73%of institutions.In terms of improving the capacity to manage WEEE(Waste Electrical and Electronic Equipment),90.91%of institutions do not offer training or awareness raising.Overall,no significant indicators are in place to assess WEEE management in institutions,which reflects a lack of commitment and awareness among institutional managers.In addition,there are no financial means for ecological and sustainable management.Although 27.27%of managers are aware of the dangers to human health and the environment related to IT equipment,they are often unaware of the harmful consequences of abandoning it in nature.

Charge-transfer-regulated bimetal ferrocene-based organic frameworks for promoting electrocatalytic oxygen evolution

The ferrocene(Fc)-based metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)are regarded as compelling platforms for the construction of efficient and robust oxygen evolution reaction(OER)electrocatalysts due to their superior conductivity and flexible electronic structure.Herein,density functional theory simulations were addressed to predict the electronic structure regulations of CoFc-MOF by nickel doping,which demonstrated that the well-proposed CoNiFc-MOFs delivered a small energy barrier,promoted conductivity,and well-regulated d-band center.Inspired by these,a series of sea-urchin-like CoNiFc-MOFs were successfully synthesized via a facile solvothermal method.Moreover,the synchrotron X-ray and X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy measurements manifested that the introduction of nickel could tailor the electronic structure of the catalyst and induce the directional transfer of electrons,thus optimizing the rate-determining step of^(*)O→^(*)OOH during the OER process and yielding decent overpotentials of 209 and 252 mV at 10 and 200 mA cm^(−2),respectively,with a small Tafel slope of 39 mV dec^(−1).This work presents a new paradigm for developing highly efficient and durable MOF-based electrocatalysts for OER.

Covalent Organic Framework with 3D Ordered Channel and Multi-Functional Groups Endows Zn Anode with Superior Stability

Achieving a highly robust zinc(Zn)metal anode is extremely important for improving the performance of aqueous Zn-ion batteries(AZIBs)for advancing“carbon neutrality”society,which is hampered by the uncontrollable growth of Zn dendrite and severe side reactions including hydrogen evolution reaction,corrosion,and passivation,etc.Herein,an interlayer containing fluorinated zincophilic covalent organic framework with sulfonic acid groups(COF-S-F)is developed on Zn metal(Zn@COF-S-F)as the artificial solid electrolyte interface(SEI).Sulfonic acid group(-SO_(3)H)in COF-S-F can effectively ameliorate the desolvation process of hydrated Zn ions,and the three-dimensional channel with fluoride group(-F)can provide interconnected channels for the favorable transport of Zn ions with ion-confinement effects,endowing Zn@COF-S-F with dendrite-free morphology and suppressed side reactions.Consequently,Zn@COF-S-F symmetric cell can stably cycle for 1,000 h with low average hysteresis voltage(50.5 m V)at the current density of 1.5 m A cm^(-2).Zn@COF-S-F|Mn O_(2)cell delivers the discharge specific capacity of 206.8 m Ah g^(-1)at the current density of 1.2 A g^(-1)after 800 cycles with high-capacity retention(87.9%).Enlightening,building artificial SEI on metallic Zn surface with targeted design has been proved as the effective strategy to foster the practical application of high-performance AZIBs.

Direct Ethylene Purification from Cracking Gas via a Metal–Organic Framework Through Pore Geometry Fitting

The direct one-step separation of polymer-grade C_(2)H_(4) from complex light hydrocarbon mixtures has high industrial significance but is very challenging.Herein,an ethylene-adsorption-weakening strategy is applied for precise regulation of the pore geometry of four tailor-made metal–organic frameworks(MOFs)with pillar-layered structures,dubbed TYUT-10/11/12/13.Based on its pore geometry design and functional group regulation,TYUT-12 exhibits exceptional selective adsorption selectivity toward C_(3)H_(8),C_(3)H_(6),C_(2)H_(6),C_(2)H_(2),and CO_(2) over C_(2)H_(4);its C_(2)H_(6)/C_(2)H_(4) adsorption selectivity reaches 4.56,surpassing the record value of 4.4 by Fe_(2)(O_(2))(dobdc)(dobdc^(4-)=2,5-dioxido-1,4-benzenedicarboxylate).The weak p–p stacking binding affinity toward C_(2)H_(4) in TYUT-12 is clearly demonstrated through a combination of neutron powder diffraction measurements and theoretical calculations.Breakthrough experiments demonstrate that C_(2)H_(4) can be directly obtained from binary,ternary,quaternary,and six-component light hydrocarbon mixtures with over 99.95%purity.

Activity regulation and applications of metal-organic framework-based nanozymes

As a new generation of artificial enzymes,nanozymes show outstanding advantages such as high stability,low cost,and facile synthesis,which endow them with promising applications in biomedical and environmental fields.Among the various reported nanozymes,metal-organic frameworks(MOFs)could mimic the active center of natural enzymes and provide a hydrophobic environment,which makes MOFs attractive alternatives to natural enzymes.Owing to the highly structural diversity and tailorability of MOFs,rational design will contribute to improve the activity of MOF-based nanozymes and promote their potential applications in both biomedical and environmental fields.Therefore,a comprehensiye suminary of activity regulatory strategies of MOF-based nanozymes is urgently needed.Firstly,we summarized the activity regulatory strategies of MOFs with intrinsic enzyme-like activities via modulation of metal nodes,ligands,structures and morphologies.Then the applications of MOF-based nanozymes in biosensing,hazardous degradation,antibacterial,and cancer therapy were also introduced.Finally,the current challenges and future perspectives were discussed in depth.It is highly expected that this review will provide a better understanding on the rational design of novel high-performance MOF-based nanozymes.

Revisiting the Role of Physical Confinement and Chemical Regulation of 3D Hosts for Dendrite-Free Li Metal Anode

Lithium metal anode has been demonstrated as the most promising anode for lithium batteries because of its high theoretical capacity,but infinite volume change and dendritic growth during Li electrodeposition have prevented its practical applications.Both physical morphology confinement and chemical adsorption/diffusion regulation are two crucial approaches to designing lithiophilic materials to alleviate dendrite of Li metal anode.However,their roles in suppressing dendrite growth for long-life Li anode are not fully understood yet.Herein,three different Ni-based nanosheet arrays(NiO-NS,Ni_(3)N-NS,and Ni_(5)P_(4)-NS)on carbon cloth as proof-of-concept lithiophilic frame-works are proposed for Li metal anodes.The two-dimensional nanoarray is more promising to facilitate uniform Li^(+)flow and electric field.Compared with the NiO-NS and the Ni_(5)P_(4)-NS,the Ni_(3)N-NS on carbon cloth after reacting with molten Li(Li-Ni/Li_(3)N-NS@CC)can afford the strongest adsorption to Li+and the most rapid Li+diffusion path.Therefore,the Li-Ni/Li_(3)N-NS@CC electrode realizes the lowest overpotential and the most excellent electrochemical performance(60 mA cm^(−2)and 60 mAh cm^(−2)for 1000 h).Furthermore,a remarkable full battery(LiFePO_(4)||Li-Ni/Li_(3)N-NS@CC)reaches 300 cycles at 2C.This research provides valuable insight into designing dendrite-free alkali metal batteries.

推动人工智能向善发展:教育与人工智能共同的责任

人工智能的迅速发展正深刻改变人类的生产方式、生活方式和学习方式,对教育产生深度影响,而现阶段生成式人工智能工具在教育领域广泛应用,给教育带来新的道德伦理问题。该文首先从人工智能快速发展引发更加复杂的道德伦理问题和人工智能道德伦理是人类道德伦理价值体系新组成两方面给出人工智能延展人类道德伦理范围。再从人工智能教育应用伦理风险、教育人工智能伦理治理现状、教育人工智能伦理需解决问题等三个层面阐述了教育人工智能应用伦理风险与治理。再次从核心素养培养、规范应用监管、道德伦理框架、技术规范研制等四个维度给出人工智能向善发展的建设路线。最后,给出五条发展建议:加强顶层设计,系统规划总体框架;重视育人为本,创新发展人工智能课程;遵循治理原则,促进技术向善赋能;明确价值准则,助力人机相融共进;加快标准制定,规范教育人工智能实践。以期推动人工智能向善发展,赋能、赋智教育,促进教育数字化转型,构筑智能时代的人类命运共同体。

档案工作数字化转型场域下法规体系的完善理路——以《中华人民共和国档案法实施条例》为分析视角

档案工作数字化转型是适应数字中国重要发展战略、提高档案治理效能、实现档案事业高质量发展的必然路径。《中华人民共和国档案法实施条例》在提高档案法规体系立法质量、推动档案法规体系科学构建,进而完善新时代国家档案法规体系方面具有重要作用。基于此,《中华人民共和国档案法实施条例》从顶层设计、数字资源建设、数字基础设施建设、利用服务四个层面推动档案工作实现数字化转型,但对于相关规定的具体落实仍存在进一步精细化和优化的空间。

俄罗斯人工智能监管政策分析:框架、特征及启示

ChatGPT、Sora等大模型的出现,再次凸显人工智能技术进步对经济、文化等领域的深远影响,与此同时,其所带来的安全风险问题更令人担忧,全球主要国家和地区也均将人工智能监管问题纳入国家安全总体战略。以俄罗斯人工智能监管政策为研究对象,对近年来俄罗斯人工智能监管现状进行分析,在此基础上以第123-FZ号联邦法与第258-FZ号联邦法为核心构建人工智能监管框架,并总结其监管特征。研究结果表明俄罗斯对于人工智能监管已形成以主体层、机构层、制度层为基础的监管框架;俄罗斯人工智能统筹自我监管和共同监管协同作用,以刺激作为监管的基础,积极推进多行业监管;随着ChatGPT、Sora等应用的涌现,俄罗斯对于人工智能的监管框架正在不断完善。

城市综合能源系统协同调控与互动交易研究综述

城市是工业、服务业的聚集地,是经济增长的主引擎,未来城市综合能源系统的发展目标将不仅仅局限于满足社会能源需求,还需要将视角提升到支撑城市全局发展层面。因此,城市综合能源系统协同调控与互动交易相关研究不仅是近年来研究的热点问题,也是促进人类和城市可持续发展的必要解决问题。该文首先分析了相关研究的发展趋势和发文热度。然后在模型层面,分别讨论了城市综合能源系统的基本协同调控模型以及满足零碳需求、韧性提升需求、互动交易场景下的协同调控模型;在决策框架和算法层面,就目前常用的双层优化、鲁棒优化、人工智能优化方法分别进行概括分析;对城市综合能源系统仿真软件的特点进行了归纳总结。最后,对城市综合能源系统中多能源协同运行灵活性潜力挖掘、全设备模型建模方法与信息交换技术、多元用户互动特性分析、信息-物理-社会深度融合的需求和挑战进行了展望。

虚拟电厂规模化灵活资源聚合调控框架研究与思考

在“云边协同+物联网”的背景下,为给虚拟电厂动态性能量化分析评估提供全面的资源结构基础和系统化的调控框架,在对现有和潜在虚拟电厂规模化灵活资源进行调研梳理和系统分析基础上,结合资源电网接入体系和电网可控性进行研究,形成了融合3类路径、适应多场景多情形的系统化虚拟电厂规模化灵活资源聚合调控框架。同时,依据该框架提出云边协同+物联网的虚拟电厂动态性能量化分析评估系统架构研究参考原则,探讨了虚拟电厂相关机制体制研究方向。

有机框架结构对NiFe-MOF析氧反应的影响

合理设计用于电解水制氢阳极析氧反应(OER)的高活性电催化剂对清洁能源和生态可持续发展至关重要。然而,由于OER四电子转移的动力学过程较为缓慢,导致过电位较高,开发高效的阳极催化剂仍是一个重大挑战。金属有机框架(MOF)因结构多样性和超高的比表面积被视为有潜力的OER电催化剂。NiFe双金属材料具有优异的阳极析氧催化活性,但针对MOF材料活性的调控主要集中在金属中心的设计上,而阴离子有机配体对阳极析氧催化活性的影响依然未知。因此,采用溶剂热法构建具有等网状结构的系列羧酸型NiFe-MOF来阐明羧酸连接体不同长度对OER性能的影响(三种不同的有机配体分别为:对苯二甲酸(BDC)、2,6-萘二甲酸(NDC)和4,4′-联苯二甲酸(BPDC))。通过X射线衍射、拉曼光谱、红外光谱、扫描电子显微镜和X射线光电子能谱,分析了催化剂的性质、微观形貌和电荷结构,并在1 mol/L KOH溶液中进行了电化学测试。结果表明:NiFe-BDC在10 mA/cm^(2)的电流密度处过电位仅为223 mV,远低于NiFe-NDC和NiFe-BPDC的过电位,二者此处的过电位分别为267 mV和284 mV;此外,NiFe-BDC在长时间测试中表现了出色的稳定性(200 h),其优异的性能主要归因于有机配体在催化中起到优化电荷结构的作用,并且展现出丰富的活性中心,共同促进了OER电催化性能。

我国养老服务业政府监管的运行逻辑:一个分析框架及其应用

基于公共利益理论,构建“生成逻辑—目标—内容—效能”分析框架,以其剖析我国养老服务业政府监管的运行逻辑。我国养老服务业政府监管具有社会、经济和政治三种生成逻辑,社会与经济逻辑互构,形成不良循环,由此决定了社会性与经济性的双重目标:保护老年人的正当权益,促进养老服务业有序竞争、规范发展。现在的监管内容存在硬监管集中于服务场所条件、居家社区板块内容欠缺、在部门间碎片化分布等缺陷。在社会福利的增进/减损和目标实现程度两个维度上考察监管效能:社会性目标实现较好,体现为养老服务质量提升,老年人权益受损事件和有隐患的机构设施减少;机构养老的经济性目标实现不佳,市场规模在许可制时期受到准入监管的负面影响,养老机构及床位的数量有所增长,但入住率持续下滑,社会福利损失持续增加。

MOF基材料在催化合成碳酸二甲酯中的应用

碳酸二甲酯(DMC)被誉为有机合成的新基石,制备新型高效的合成DMC催化剂对推进DMC工业化发展具有重要意义。金属-有机框架(MOF)由于具有比表面积大、结构多样和多孔性等特点,能够针对性地设计其组分与结构,在催化领域得到了广泛地研究与应用。本综述总结了MOF基材料的结构调控策略及其在催化合成DMC中的应用,包括缺陷态调控、有机官能团功能化、混合金属功能化以及MOF衍生物构筑的调控策略,概括了通过亚硝酸甲酯羰基化法和CO_(2)直接合成法获取DMC的进展,此外还讨论了MOF基材料在催化合成DMC中面临的挑战。

普职融通视域下英国规范资历框架的主要特征与实施路径

国家资历框架体系建设是英国推进普职融通的重要举措。其中,规范资历框架(RQF)从更为广域的视角提供成果可认证平台,进一步促进英国普职融通。规范资历框架以顶层设计保障普职等值、灵活学习途径凸显普职融通、普职成果互认体现教育公平为主要特征,并通过有效实行统一框架体系,支持多元学习路径与成果,以及提升社会认可等方式促进普职融通。基于规范资历框架的经验,我国促进普职融通应发挥政府驱动力量,推进构建国家资历框架体系;加强资历监督管理,有效助力普职融通;依托互联网络技术,完善学习成果互认平台。

Coordination-environment regulation of atomic Co-Mn dual-sites for efficient oxygen reduction reaction

Precisely designing atomic metal-nitrogen-carbon(M-N-C)catalysts with asymmetric diatomic configurations and studying their structure–activity relationships for oxygen reduction reaction(ORR)are important for zinc-air batteries(ZABs).Herein,a dualatomic-site catalyst(DASC)with CoN_(3)S-MnN_(2)S_(2) configuration was prepared for the cathodes of ZABs.Compared with Co-N-C(Mn-free)and CoMn-N-C(S-free doping),CoMn-N/S-C exhibits excellent half-wave potential(0.883 V)and turnover frequency(1.54 e·s^(−1)·site^(−1)),surpassing most of the reported state-of-the-art Pt-free ORR catalysts.The CoMn-N/S-C-based ZABs achieve extremely high specific capacity(959 mAh·g^(−1))and good stability(350 h@5 mA·cm^(−2)).Density functional theory(DFT)calculation shows that the introduction of Mn and S can break the electron configuration symmetry of the original Co 3d orbital,lower the dband center of the Co site,and optimize the desorption behavior of*OH intermediate,thereby increasing the ORR activity.

全共轭二维有机框架材料在有机电子器件中的应用

有机电子器件已成为当今社会与工业中不可或缺的组成部分,在显示、通讯、能源和环境等方面都具有广泛的应用。有机电子器件的核心是有机半导体材料,开发具有高电荷传输特性的有机半导体材料是提升有机电子器件性能的关键。作为材料领域的研究前沿,有机多孔晶态材料由于具有确定的化学结构、功能可设计性、大的比表面积、高的孔隙率以及结构可修饰性等特征吸引了广泛的研究,在众多领域都展现出了广阔的应用前景。其中,由于具有高的结构平面性、电子离域性、电荷传输性质以及化学稳定性,全共轭二维有机框架材料作为有机电子学中的载流子传输材料受到广泛关注。当前,人们基于不同结构与功能的全共轭二维有机框架材料,构筑了多种有机电子器件并展现出了巨大的应用潜力。本文首先介绍目前发展的全共轭二维有机框架材料的主要结构,随后重点综述全共轭二维有机框架材料在有机电子器件包括有机场效应晶体管、有机光电探测器、有机光伏电池、化学阻抗传感器及一些新兴电子器件中的最新研究进展。最后阐述实现全共轭二维有机框架材料在有机电子器件的实际应用中所面临的挑战并提出了未来的研究方向。

Design of stable covalent organic frameworks for transport regulation of mass and energy

This feature article discusses the design of stable covalent organic frameworks(COFs) for the transport regulation of protons,electrons, and radicals. Transporting these particles through materials is essential for many applications, and porous materials with high surface area and porosity have become powerful platforms for their development. However, the stability of the holes in the material is crucial for adjusting the transmission performance, which may change significantly when the material is not stable enough, and the structure changes when it is in service in the environment. Various strategies have been adopted to improve the stability of COFs, including introducing strong electron-donating groups into the COFs and introducing irreversible reactions into the COF synthesis process. The transport regulation in stable COFs has been explored, and the structure-function relationship has been established. The prospects and challenges of COFs for the transport regulation of protons, electrons, and radicals have also been discussed. Overall, the breakthroughs in COF field have opened new possibilities for developing advanced materials with improved transport properties. The stable COFs have potential applications in energy storage, catalysis,and sensing. However, further research is needed to understand the transport properties of COFs fully and to optimize their performance for specific applications.