Effects of Tiller-inhibitor on Growth and Yield Formation of Super Early Hybrid Rice Jinyou458

[Objective]The paper was to study the effect of tiller-inhibitor on the growth and yield formation of super early rice Jinyou 458.[Method] Two treatments including spraying tiller-inhibitor（TI） and spraying water（CK） at the SN-n stage were set in the test,the effect of tiller-inhibitor on yield and its components,leaf and plant morphology,field microclimate at booting stage and quality characteristics of rice population were studied.[Result] Spraying tiller-inhibitor could effectively reduce the occurrence of invalid and inefficient tillers,increase the proportion of high effective tillers（tiller with 4 or more leaves） in tiller composition at the maximal tiller stage.The panicle length,spikelets per panicle,spikelets density,number of secondary branches and the secondary spikelets,seed setting rate of rice plant sprayed with tiller-inhibitor were significantly higher than CK.Meanwhile,spraying tiller-inhibitor could increase plant height,biomass weight and leaf area index of rice population during middle and late stages of rice growing,improve the leaf temperature of top three leaves and the light transmittance of rice population at the booting stage,increase the leaf SPAD value,thus enhance photosynthetic capacity of rice plants.It also showed the characteristics of elongating the internode of rice plant and decreasing the stem thickness,etc.[Conclusion] The panicle-bearing rate of stems and tillers,effective panicles,spikelets per panicle,seed setting rate and 1 000-grain weight had coordinately increased after spraying tiller-inhibitor,thus increased the yield.

Effects of Plant Spacing and Finger Sticking Area Settings for Machine Transplanting on Yield of Double-season Early Rice

The effects of rice transplanters＇ transplanting settings（plant spacing and finger sticking area） on rice yield were investigated in two early-season rice cultivars：hybrid rice cultivar（Zhuliangyou 819） and conventional rice cultivar（Zhongjiazao 17）.The results showed that,different transplanting settings resulted in different numbers of transplanted basic seedlings,and the rice yield was significantly correlated with the number of transplanted basic seedlings.The number of transplanted basic seedlings increased with the decrease of plant spacing and the increase of finger sticking area.The rate of lost hills of machine transplanting decreased with the increase of finger sticking area.The leaf area index and amount of dry matter accumulation were highly correlated with the number of transplanted basic seedlings.The average yield of the rice transplanted with a plant spacing of11.5 cm was higher than that with a plant spacing of 13.8 cm.In the field transplanted with the rice under the plant spacing of 13.8 cm,the rice yield increased with the increase of finger sticking area,and the finger sticking area of 2.23 cm2 showed the highest rice yield of 8 174.16 kg/hm2 of Zhuliangyou 819 and 7 925.54kg/hm2 of Zhongjiaozao17.In the field transplanted with the rice under the plant spacing of 11.5 cm,the rice yield was the highest with the finger sticking area of 1.83 cm2,and then decreased with the large finger sticking area.Under the plant spacing of 11.5 cm,the highest rice yields of Zhuliangyou 819 and Zhongjiaozao17 were 8 492.94 kg/hm2 and 8 000.23 kg/hm2,respectively.Therefore,the preferred machine transplanting settings for double-season early rice are a plant spacing of11.5 cm and a finger sticking area of 1.83 cm2,while the finger sticking area should be increased to 2.23 cm2 for conventional rice cultivars.

Effects of Nitrogen Rate on Blast Resistance and Grain Yield of Super Early Hybrid Rice Luliangyou 996

Super early hybrid rice Luliangyou 996 was the materials for this experiment. This paper focused on the influences of different nitrogen rates on blast resistance and grain yield. Studies suggested that with the increase of nitrogen rate,there were no distinct changes in the sick grain rate and sickness index, but the fifth grade of panicle blast rate rose gradually. When the nitrogen was too much（270 kg/hm^2）, the sick grain rate and sickness index were the highest. The yield rose along with the addition of nitrogen if the amount of applied nitrogen was within the range of 0 to 180 kg/hm^2, and the yield would decrease with the addition of nitrogen if the amount of applied nitrogen was over 180 kg/hm^2. Considering the sickness, output and economic benefit of rice, it is better to applied 90 to 135 kg/hm^2 of nitrogen for Luliangyou 996.

Resistance Evaluation of Some Hybrid Rice, Conventional Early Indica and Late Japonica Rice to Magnaporthe grisea

Thirty isolates of Magnaporthe grisea collected from 18 provinces/cities representing 21 pathotypes and 9 different lineages were inoculated to rice varieties with known resistance genes and some hybrid rices, conventional early indica and late japonica varieties cultivated recently in China. Virulence spectrum of the 30 isolates was very different, showing that they recognize numerous different resistance genes. Varieties also revealed very different resistance patterns showing that they carry different resistance genes or combinations of resistance genes. On the basis of comparisons with international differential varieties with known resistance genes, resistance genes in certain Chinese varieties could be speculated. The results indicated that some of them were resistant to most of the isolates tested and that they could be of interest as resistance sources for hybrid parents or to be planted in the field directly.

Characteristics of Early-maturing Hybrid Rice Anyou 08 and Its Cultivation Technique

Anyou 08 is an early-maturing hybrid rice variety bred by crossing high- quality resistant sterile line Anfeng A as female parent with high-combining ability restoring line QN2058 as male parent. Its average yield in regional trail in Guizhou Province in 2009-2010 reached 9.11t/hm^2, which was higher than control by 11.31%. Anyou 08 shows good comprehensive traits of population. It is suitable for high cold mountainous areas and middle-early maturing rice areas.

优质高产早熟杂交水稻新组合广8优1090的选育与应用

【目的】选育优质高产早熟杂交水稻品种,满足贵州省中高海拔地区水稻生产的需要。【方法】安顺市农业科学院、广东省农业科学院水稻研究所及广西兆和种业有限公司联合,选用水稻不育系广8A与恢复系安恢1090组配,经6年12代定向育种,成功育成优质高产早熟籼型三系杂交稻广8优1090。2022年通过贵州省农作物品种审定委员会审定(审定编号:黔审稻20220017)。【结果】广8优1090在贵州省2020—2021年杂交水稻早熟组区域试验中,2年平均产量10118.7 kg/hm^(2),比对照(香早优2017)增产8.21%,2年累计增产点占78.6%;平均生育期158.2 d,较对照晚1.9 d。2021年生产试验平均产量9482.7 kg/hm^(2),比对照(香早优2017)增产9.45%,增产点率100.0%。广8优1090的出糙率79.6%,精米率69.9%,整精米率62.5%,粒长6.8 mm,长宽比3.4,垩白粒率25%,垩白度6.7%,胶稠度82 mm,直链淀粉14.4%,碱消值4.5,透明度1级;食味综合评分80.19分,优于对照(80.0分)。【结论】广8优1090高产稳产、耐冷性强、熟期早、食味好,适合在贵州省中高海拔地区种植。

长江中下游稻区国审两系杂交早稻组合特性分析

分析了2003—2022年长江中下游稻区通过国家审定两系杂交早稻组合的特征特性。2003—2022年,长江中下游稻区有46个两系杂交早稻组合通过国家审定,其中早中熟类型26个,迟熟类型20个;早中熟类型组合区试平均产量为508.91 kg/667 m^(2),迟熟类型组合为515.89 kg/667 m^(2),近年通过审定组合的区试产量更高;组合优质达标率仅为10.87%,对稻瘟病和白叶枯病抗性达到中抗及以上水平组合占比分别为15.22%和4.35%;列入全国农作物主要品种推广情况统计组合29个。截至2019年,有18个组合的推广面积超过6.67万hm^(2),4个组合的推广面积超过33.34万hm^(2),2个组合的推广面积超过66.67万hm^(2)。

杂交早稻E两优32的栽培与制种技术

介绍了杂交早稻E两优32的栽培及制种技术,栽培技术包括播种移栽、合理密植、科学管理水肥、病虫害防治和及时收获;制种技术包括合理安排播插期、培育壮秧、适时移栽与栽足基本苗、做好肥水管理、预测并调控花期、喷施赤霉素与人工赶粉、防治病虫害、除杂保纯。

超级杂交稻两优培九及其亲本生育后期的光抑制和早衰特性

以超级杂交稻两优培九 (培矮 6 4S 931 1 )和母本培矮 6 4S(PA6 4S)以及父本中籼 931 1为材料 ,研究亲本和后代在自然条件下叶绿素荧光和活性氧代谢的差异。结果表明 :强光高温下 ,在叶片衰老过程中 ,两优培九的叶绿素、蛋白质含量、PSⅡ原初光化学效率 (Fv Fm)和光化学猝灭系数 (qP)减少较少 ,非光化学猝灭系数 (qN)增加不明显 ,说明在自然条件下 ,超级杂交稻两优培九吸收的光能较多地转化为化学能 ,热耗散较少 ,耐光抑制。同时两优培九的内源活性氧清除酶系如超氧化物歧化酶 (SOD)和过氧化物酶 (POD)诱导的活性较高 ,表现耐光氧化和抗早衰。

中国部分杂交稻和常规早籼、晚粳品种(系)的抗瘟性

选用来自中国18个省、市,12个小种分属于9个不同谱系的30个具有广谱毒性的稻瘟病菌株,人工接种于已知抗瘟基因型的品种(系)及中国20世纪90年代新育成的部分杂交稻和常规早籼、晚粳品种上进行水稻抗病性鉴定。通过具有广谱毒性并能识别抗病基因的30个菌株,与具有不同抗性类型并携带有不同或与之相连锁的抗性基因的品种及已知抗性基因的国际鉴别品种进行比较,以期推测某些中国品种的抗性基因。结果表明,部分优异抗瘟材料及新育成的杂交稻组合和常规早籼、晚粳稻品种(系)能抗多数近年采集分离的田间致病菌株,是育种和大面积推广种植的良好材料。

高产两系杂交早稻新组合陆两优996的选育

陆两优996是以两用核不育系陆18S作母本，用大豆DNA导入水稻品种264—7育成的996作父本配制而成的杂交早稻新组合。该组合株叶形态优良，生育期比金优402短1～2d，在湖南省2a区试中平均比对照金优402增产7.75％，中抗稻瘟病，适应性广。2005年2月通过湖南省农作物品种审定委员会审定。介绍了陆两优996的选育过程、主要特征特性和栽培制种技术要点。

不同灌溉和施肥条件对杂交早稻品质的影响

研究结果表明 :不同灌溉和施肥处理对杂交早稻稻米的糙米率、胶稠度和直链淀粉含量均无显著影响 ,但对蛋白质含量均有极显著影响 ,在水稻生育期间保持浅水层 ,在中、后期 (特别是抽穗期 )追施氮肥 ,能提高杂交早稻稻米的蛋白质含量。

早熟抗稻瘟病籼型水稻不育系荣丰A的选育与利用

荣丰A是广东省农科院水稻研究所用优ⅠB/博B的F4代优良株系与优ⅠA测交并连续回交转育而成的早熟抗稻瘟病籼型不育系,2005年10月通过广东省技术鉴定。荣丰A表现株型紧凑,不育性稳定,配合力强,抗稻瘟病,柱头外露率高,异交结实率高,对“九二○”敏感,易于繁制种。利用该不育系初步测配出杂交早稻荣优2号、荣优3号和荣优4号,在区试和试种中均比对照增产。

长江流域杂交早稻品质性状的表现及配合力研究

选用长江流域生产上大面积应用的6个早籼稻不育系和5个早籼稻恢复系,采用NCⅡ设计配制30个杂交早稻组合,对各组合的12品质性状进行了测定和分析。结果表明,各品质性状的杂种优势表现普遍介于双亲之间,垩白和整精米率是长江流域杂交早稻品质改良的主要限制因子。12个主要品质性状组合间方差均达极显著水平,存在极显著的遗传差异;各品质性状基因的加性效应和非加性效应对杂交早稻的品质存在极显著的影响。各品质性状狭义遗传力为长/宽>粒长>垩白度>粒宽>整精米率>糊化温度>直链淀粉含量>垩白率>垩白面积>出糙率>胶稠度>精米率。出糙率与精米率,整精米率与糊化温度,粒长与长/宽,粒宽与垩白粒率、垩白面积、直链淀粉,垩白粒率与精米宽、垩白面积、直链淀粉含量,垩白面积与粒宽、垩白粒率、垩白度、直链淀粉含量等性状间存在显著或极显著正相关。整精米率与垩白粒率,长/宽与粒宽、垩白粒率、垩白面积、垩白度、糊化温度、直链淀粉含量等性状间呈显著或极显著负相关。对杂交早稻品质性状之间的内在联系、遗传以及品质改良进行了讨论。

优质早籼型水稻温敏核不育系HD9802S的选育与应用

HD9802S是用湖大51与红辐早杂交,通过低温选择和人工气候箱鉴定育成的早籼型水稻温敏核不育系。HD9802S不育起点温度为日均温23-24℃,耐低温期为5 d。HD9802S不育性受1对隐性核基因控制,其不育基因与培矮64S、1103S的核不育基因不等位,与香125S、株1S的核不育基因等位,HD9802S外观品质优,配组育成的杂交早稻新组合两优287、两优25、两优42、两优17和两优1号等杂种优势较强,稻谷品质分别达国标1级或2级优质稻谷标准,均已通过省级以上品种审定。

优质杂交早稻香两优68的选育与应用

通过选用优质、早熟两用核不育系香１２５Ｓ与早籼品系Ｄ６８配组而育成的香两优６８，是一个高产、优质的两系杂交早稻组合，１９９８年２月通过湖南省品种审定，填补了我国优质杂交早稻的空白，在长江流域作早稻种植，具有很好的应用前景。

收获期对杂交早稻品质的影响

研究了不同收获期对杂交早稻稻米品质的影响 ,结果表明 :不同收获期处理间稻米的糙米率、精米率、长宽比、垩白指数及直链淀粉含量均无显著差异 ,但胶稠度及蛋白质含量均存在显著差异 ,以抽穗后 35d收获的稻米胶稠度最高 ,以抽穗后 2

早熟三系籼型不育系早A的选育与利用

早A是以博B/江B的F5代选系与枝A杂交并连续回交转育而成的早熟籼型不育系,于2004年10月通过广西区技术鉴定。早A不育性稳定,柱头发达,柱头外露率高,异交结实率高,对“九二○”敏感,易于繁殖制种。利用该不育系与恢复系桂11配组,已初步育成杂交组合早优11,表现早熟、高产、优质,在试种中比对照金优463增产8%。

华南籼稻高效育种——从“早晚兼用型”到“常恢兼用型”水稻育种

以华南籼稻育种为主题,综述育种效率高的“早晚兼用型”水稻育种和“常恢兼用型”水稻育种。早晚兼用型水稻育种在品种培育上成效显著,甚至影响了水稻的育种和生产模式;常恢兼用型水稻育种是对早晚兼用型水稻育种的继承和发展,并取得了突出成效,育成了极具影响力的品种黄华占、黄莉占、黄广油占、黄粤丝苗、五山油占(华占)、五山丝苗等,在南方稻区的水稻生产中发挥着重要作用。其中,黄华占通过广东、湖南、湖北等8省审定,是我国年度推广面积最大的籼稻品种;华占共配组142个组合,252次通过各级审定,是配组组合最多的恢复系;五山丝苗通过广东、陕西等4省审定,共配组47个组合,88次通过各级审定。以晶两优534、隆两优华占等两系杂交稻组合为例证,提出并倡导在南方稻区进行杂交稻育种的新策略:在华南培育精品恢复系,在南方不同生态区创制适合所在生态区的不育系,并配组成优势互补的强势组合,形成合作共赢、协同发展和高效互补的整体水稻育种格局。

优质籼型不育系T78A的选育及利用

以地谷 B与龙特浦 B和珍汕 97B复交 ,选育出优质、柱头外露率高的株系 ,并与珍汕 97A连续多代成对回交 ,育成不育系 T78A.T78A米质优、不育性稳定、柱头外露率高、异交特性好、配合力强 .用 T78A与早恢 89、福恢 0 16、明恢 82等配制成的杂交早稻组合 T优 7889、 T优 7816、T优 7882等既高产又优质 .其中 T优 7889品质优良、产量高、适应性广 ,已于 2 0 0 1年通过福建省农作物品种审定委员会审定 。