Comparative experiments were conducted on five conventional indica rice varieties,including Yongxian 15,Zhongzao 39,Shunda 135,Zhongzu 143,and Zhongzu 18.Under direct seeding conditions,their growth period and yield p...Comparative experiments were conducted on five conventional indica rice varieties,including Yongxian 15,Zhongzao 39,Shunda 135,Zhongzu 143,and Zhongzu 18.Under direct seeding conditions,their growth period and yield performance were investigated.The results showed that the yield of Zhonggang 143 and Shunda 135 was higher than that of Yongxian 15(CK),and Zhonggang 143 had the highest yield of 7.494 t/hm 2,followed by Shunda 135(7.467 t/hm 2);Yongxian 18(CK)has a yield of 7.326 t/hm 2.Taking into account factors such as field growth,yield,and growth period,Zhongzu 143 and Shunda 135 can be further promoted to optimize the early rice variety structure in Jiangbei District.展开更多
The effects of rice transplanters' transplanting settings(plant spacing and finger sticking area) on rice yield were investigated in two early-season rice cultivars:hybrid rice cultivar(Zhuliangyou 819) and conv...The effects of rice transplanters' transplanting settings(plant spacing and finger sticking area) on rice yield were investigated in two early-season rice cultivars:hybrid rice cultivar(Zhuliangyou 819) and conventional rice cultivar(Zhongjiazao 17).The results showed that,different transplanting settings resulted in different numbers of transplanted basic seedlings,and the rice yield was significantly correlated with the number of transplanted basic seedlings.The number of transplanted basic seedlings increased with the decrease of plant spacing and the increase of finger sticking area.The rate of lost hills of machine transplanting decreased with the increase of finger sticking area.The leaf area index and amount of dry matter accumulation were highly correlated with the number of transplanted basic seedlings.The average yield of the rice transplanted with a plant spacing of11.5 cm was higher than that with a plant spacing of 13.8 cm.In the field transplanted with the rice under the plant spacing of 13.8 cm,the rice yield increased with the increase of finger sticking area,and the finger sticking area of 2.23 cm2 showed the highest rice yield of 8 174.16 kg/hm2 of Zhuliangyou 819 and 7 925.54kg/hm2 of Zhongjiaozao17.In the field transplanted with the rice under the plant spacing of 11.5 cm,the rice yield was the highest with the finger sticking area of 1.83 cm2,and then decreased with the large finger sticking area.Under the plant spacing of 11.5 cm,the highest rice yields of Zhuliangyou 819 and Zhongjiaozao17 were 8 492.94 kg/hm2 and 8 000.23 kg/hm2,respectively.Therefore,the preferred machine transplanting settings for double-season early rice are a plant spacing of11.5 cm and a finger sticking area of 1.83 cm2,while the finger sticking area should be increased to 2.23 cm2 for conventional rice cultivars.展开更多
Octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) modified early Indica rice starch was prepared in aqueous slurry systems using response surface methodology. The paste properties of the OSA starch were also investigated. Results in...Octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) modified early Indica rice starch was prepared in aqueous slurry systems using response surface methodology. The paste properties of the OSA starch were also investigated. Results indicated that the suitable parameters for the preparation of OSA starch from early Indica rice starch were as follows: reaction period 4 h, reaction temperature 33.4℃, pH of reaction system 8.4, concentration of starch slurry 36.8% (in proportion to water, w/w), amount of OSA 3% (in proportion to starch, w/w). The degree of substitution was 0.0188 and the reaction efficiency was 81.0%. The results of paste properties showed that with increased OSA modification, the starch derivatives had higher paste clarity, decreased retrogradation and better freeze-thaw stability.展开更多
Direct seeding of rice has become a main planting method due to the low labor input and high economic benefit in South China.Dry direct seeding(DDS)has been widely used for single-season rice planting establishment.Ho...Direct seeding of rice has become a main planting method due to the low labor input and high economic benefit in South China.Dry direct seeding(DDS)has been widely used for single-season rice planting establishment.However,few studies have examined the performance of early-season indica rice under mechanical dry direct seeding.A two-year field experiment was conducted with two indica rice cultivars(i.e.,Zhongjiazao 17 and Zhuliangyou 819)to study lodging characteristics and grain yield formation under DDS,flooded direct seeding(FDS)and wet direct seeding(WDS)patterns.The results showed that the annual grain yield in DDS was higher by 14.42–26.34%for cultivar ZLY819 and 6.64–24.58%for cultivar ZJZ17 than in WDS and FDS,respectively,and these increases were mainly attributed to the improvement of the panicles.The DDS pattern significantly increased the seedling emergence rate of early indica rice cultivars,and increased total dry weight and crop growth rate.Meanwhile,shorter basal internodes,better stem diameter and stem wall thickness and lower lodging index were found in DDS in contrast to FDS and WDS.In particular,DDS improved the stem lodging resistance.Our results suggested that the appropriate direct seeding method was beneficial for improving the grain yield and lodging resistance of early indica rice.展开更多
The sucrose content, starch content and the ratio of amylose to total starch and the activities of six key enzymes, sucrose synthase(SS) , soluble starch synthesis enzyme(SSS) , ADPG pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-Ppase) , g...The sucrose content, starch content and the ratio of amylose to total starch and the activities of six key enzymes, sucrose synthase(SS) , soluble starch synthesis enzyme(SSS) , ADPG pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-Ppase) , granule-boundstarch synthase (GBSS), starch branching enzyme (SBE) and debranching enzyme (DBE) , which involved in starch synthesis metabolism of developing rice grains and effect of temperature on their activities were analyzed by using two early indica varieties Zhefu49 and Jiazao935 in phyto-trons, the daily average temperature was 22 and 32℃, respectively. Results showed that the sucrose content, the starch content, and the activities of enzymes such as SS, ADPG-Ppase, SSS, SBE, and DBE were generally higher under the high temperature treatment (32℃)at the beginning stage as compared with that under low temperature treatment (22℃). However, at the middle and late stages, there were great differences in the change trend of some enzyme activities, and the association with the sucrose content and starch content was very complicated. It could be found that the activities of SS and SSS under high temperature were always lower than that under low temperature, which was closely related to the variation of the sucrose content and starch-accumulating rate. Moreover, compared with ADPG-Ppase, the SS and SSS activities were more sensitive to temperature, indicating that SS and SSS were controlled by enzyme through affecting starch accumulating rate. Difference of the amylose/total starch ratio in developing grains between 32 and 22℃was significant and the lower amylose/total starch ratio was always lower in 32℃, which was closely related to the lower activity level of GBSS. Therefore, it could be concluded that effect of temperature on amylose /total starch was more attributable to GBSS rather than to SS, SSS, ADPG-Ppase, SBE and DBE.展开更多
Thirty isolates of Magnaporthe grisea collected from 18 provinces/cities representing 21 pathotypes and 9 different lineages were inoculated to rice varieties with known resistance genes and some hybrid rices, convent...Thirty isolates of Magnaporthe grisea collected from 18 provinces/cities representing 21 pathotypes and 9 different lineages were inoculated to rice varieties with known resistance genes and some hybrid rices, conventional early indica and late japonica varieties cultivated recently in China. Virulence spectrum of the 30 isolates was very different, showing that they recognize numerous different resistance genes. Varieties also revealed very different resistance patterns showing that they carry different resistance genes or combinations of resistance genes. On the basis of comparisons with international differential varieties with known resistance genes, resistance genes in certain Chinese varieties could be speculated. The results indicated that some of them were resistant to most of the isolates tested and that they could be of interest as resistance sources for hybrid parents or to be planted in the field directly.展开更多
In this paper, the characteristics of Jiangzao 361, as well as its appear- ance in throwing transplanting are introduced, and the high-yielding throwing tech- nique for Jiangzao 361 is summed up. On the basis of the e...In this paper, the characteristics of Jiangzao 361, as well as its appear- ance in throwing transplanting are introduced, and the high-yielding throwing tech- nique for Jiangzao 361 is summed up. On the basis of the experimental demon- stration, the corresponding matching throwing technique is put forward.展开更多
[Objectives] The paper focused on the way how to promote yield of early indica rice Zhongzao 39. [Methods] At different yield levels, the yield components of super-high yield population in Zhongzao 39 were analyzed. C...[Objectives] The paper focused on the way how to promote yield of early indica rice Zhongzao 39. [Methods] At different yield levels, the yield components of super-high yield population in Zhongzao 39 were analyzed. Correlation analysis, regression analysis and path analysis were performed to analyze the relationship among traits and their contributions to yield. [Results] The performance of ear, grain and weight in Zhongzao 39 showed significant differences among different yield levels. It showed that the direct contributions of main economic traits to yield were determined to be 1 000-grain weight〉effective ears〉seed setting rate〉filled grains per ear. [Conclusions] The super-high yielding and effective cultivation techniques were suggested as follows: on the basis of the increasing number of effective ears and the remaining of grain weight, a stable seed setting rate should be considered.展开更多
文摘Comparative experiments were conducted on five conventional indica rice varieties,including Yongxian 15,Zhongzao 39,Shunda 135,Zhongzu 143,and Zhongzu 18.Under direct seeding conditions,their growth period and yield performance were investigated.The results showed that the yield of Zhonggang 143 and Shunda 135 was higher than that of Yongxian 15(CK),and Zhonggang 143 had the highest yield of 7.494 t/hm 2,followed by Shunda 135(7.467 t/hm 2);Yongxian 18(CK)has a yield of 7.326 t/hm 2.Taking into account factors such as field growth,yield,and growth period,Zhongzu 143 and Shunda 135 can be further promoted to optimize the early rice variety structure in Jiangbei District.
文摘The effects of rice transplanters' transplanting settings(plant spacing and finger sticking area) on rice yield were investigated in two early-season rice cultivars:hybrid rice cultivar(Zhuliangyou 819) and conventional rice cultivar(Zhongjiazao 17).The results showed that,different transplanting settings resulted in different numbers of transplanted basic seedlings,and the rice yield was significantly correlated with the number of transplanted basic seedlings.The number of transplanted basic seedlings increased with the decrease of plant spacing and the increase of finger sticking area.The rate of lost hills of machine transplanting decreased with the increase of finger sticking area.The leaf area index and amount of dry matter accumulation were highly correlated with the number of transplanted basic seedlings.The average yield of the rice transplanted with a plant spacing of11.5 cm was higher than that with a plant spacing of 13.8 cm.In the field transplanted with the rice under the plant spacing of 13.8 cm,the rice yield increased with the increase of finger sticking area,and the finger sticking area of 2.23 cm2 showed the highest rice yield of 8 174.16 kg/hm2 of Zhuliangyou 819 and 7 925.54kg/hm2 of Zhongjiaozao17.In the field transplanted with the rice under the plant spacing of 11.5 cm,the rice yield was the highest with the finger sticking area of 1.83 cm2,and then decreased with the large finger sticking area.Under the plant spacing of 11.5 cm,the highest rice yields of Zhuliangyou 819 and Zhongjiaozao17 were 8 492.94 kg/hm2 and 8 000.23 kg/hm2,respectively.Therefore,the preferred machine transplanting settings for double-season early rice are a plant spacing of11.5 cm and a finger sticking area of 1.83 cm2,while the finger sticking area should be increased to 2.23 cm2 for conventional rice cultivars.
基金Project (No. 2003C12009) supported by the Science and TechnologyMinistry of Zhejiang Province, China
文摘Octenyl succinic anhydride (OSA) modified early Indica rice starch was prepared in aqueous slurry systems using response surface methodology. The paste properties of the OSA starch were also investigated. Results indicated that the suitable parameters for the preparation of OSA starch from early Indica rice starch were as follows: reaction period 4 h, reaction temperature 33.4℃, pH of reaction system 8.4, concentration of starch slurry 36.8% (in proportion to water, w/w), amount of OSA 3% (in proportion to starch, w/w). The degree of substitution was 0.0188 and the reaction efficiency was 81.0%. The results of paste properties showed that with increased OSA modification, the starch derivatives had higher paste clarity, decreased retrogradation and better freeze-thaw stability.
基金the financial support provided by the National Natural Science Foundation of China(31760366)the National Key Research and Development Program of China(2016YFD0300501 and 2017YFND0301605)the Natural Science Foundation of Jiangxi,China(20161BAB214171)。
文摘Direct seeding of rice has become a main planting method due to the low labor input and high economic benefit in South China.Dry direct seeding(DDS)has been widely used for single-season rice planting establishment.However,few studies have examined the performance of early-season indica rice under mechanical dry direct seeding.A two-year field experiment was conducted with two indica rice cultivars(i.e.,Zhongjiazao 17 and Zhuliangyou 819)to study lodging characteristics and grain yield formation under DDS,flooded direct seeding(FDS)and wet direct seeding(WDS)patterns.The results showed that the annual grain yield in DDS was higher by 14.42–26.34%for cultivar ZLY819 and 6.64–24.58%for cultivar ZJZ17 than in WDS and FDS,respectively,and these increases were mainly attributed to the improvement of the panicles.The DDS pattern significantly increased the seedling emergence rate of early indica rice cultivars,and increased total dry weight and crop growth rate.Meanwhile,shorter basal internodes,better stem diameter and stem wall thickness and lower lodging index were found in DDS in contrast to FDS and WDS.In particular,DDS improved the stem lodging resistance.Our results suggested that the appropriate direct seeding method was beneficial for improving the grain yield and lodging resistance of early indica rice.
基金the National Natural Science Foundation of China(30070435).
文摘The sucrose content, starch content and the ratio of amylose to total starch and the activities of six key enzymes, sucrose synthase(SS) , soluble starch synthesis enzyme(SSS) , ADPG pyrophosphorylase (ADPG-Ppase) , granule-boundstarch synthase (GBSS), starch branching enzyme (SBE) and debranching enzyme (DBE) , which involved in starch synthesis metabolism of developing rice grains and effect of temperature on their activities were analyzed by using two early indica varieties Zhefu49 and Jiazao935 in phyto-trons, the daily average temperature was 22 and 32℃, respectively. Results showed that the sucrose content, the starch content, and the activities of enzymes such as SS, ADPG-Ppase, SSS, SBE, and DBE were generally higher under the high temperature treatment (32℃)at the beginning stage as compared with that under low temperature treatment (22℃). However, at the middle and late stages, there were great differences in the change trend of some enzyme activities, and the association with the sucrose content and starch content was very complicated. It could be found that the activities of SS and SSS under high temperature were always lower than that under low temperature, which was closely related to the variation of the sucrose content and starch-accumulating rate. Moreover, compared with ADPG-Ppase, the SS and SSS activities were more sensitive to temperature, indicating that SS and SSS were controlled by enzyme through affecting starch accumulating rate. Difference of the amylose/total starch ratio in developing grains between 32 and 22℃was significant and the lower amylose/total starch ratio was always lower in 32℃, which was closely related to the lower activity level of GBSS. Therefore, it could be concluded that effect of temperature on amylose /total starch was more attributable to GBSS rather than to SS, SSS, ADPG-Ppase, SBE and DBE.
文摘Thirty isolates of Magnaporthe grisea collected from 18 provinces/cities representing 21 pathotypes and 9 different lineages were inoculated to rice varieties with known resistance genes and some hybrid rices, conventional early indica and late japonica varieties cultivated recently in China. Virulence spectrum of the 30 isolates was very different, showing that they recognize numerous different resistance genes. Varieties also revealed very different resistance patterns showing that they carry different resistance genes or combinations of resistance genes. On the basis of comparisons with international differential varieties with known resistance genes, resistance genes in certain Chinese varieties could be speculated. The results indicated that some of them were resistant to most of the isolates tested and that they could be of interest as resistance sources for hybrid parents or to be planted in the field directly.
文摘In this paper, the characteristics of Jiangzao 361, as well as its appear- ance in throwing transplanting are introduced, and the high-yielding throwing tech- nique for Jiangzao 361 is summed up. On the basis of the experimental demon- stration, the corresponding matching throwing technique is put forward.
基金Supported by the Science and Technology Plan of Taizhou City(121KY15)
文摘[Objectives] The paper focused on the way how to promote yield of early indica rice Zhongzao 39. [Methods] At different yield levels, the yield components of super-high yield population in Zhongzao 39 were analyzed. Correlation analysis, regression analysis and path analysis were performed to analyze the relationship among traits and their contributions to yield. [Results] The performance of ear, grain and weight in Zhongzao 39 showed significant differences among different yield levels. It showed that the direct contributions of main economic traits to yield were determined to be 1 000-grain weight〉effective ears〉seed setting rate〉filled grains per ear. [Conclusions] The super-high yielding and effective cultivation techniques were suggested as follows: on the basis of the increasing number of effective ears and the remaining of grain weight, a stable seed setting rate should be considered.