Fecal-associated microbiome differences between phlegm-dampness constitution and balanced constitution

Objective: This study aimed to explore the structural and functional characteristics of the fecalassociated microbiome(FAM) between the phlegm-dampness constitution(PDC) and balanced constitution(BC), and to screen the related specific operational taxonomic unit(OTU) biomarkers.Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. After strictly identifying the constitution of subjects, their clinical index was recorded and counted. Fecal samples were collected for 16S rDNA sequencing. Alpha diversity, beta diversity, and the relative abundance of dominant bacterial taxa were used to describe the FAM structure, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, Metagenome Seq, and linear discriminant analysis effect size(LEf Se) were used to screen specific bacterial taxa. Specific OTUs were screened to construct receiver operating characteristic(ROC) curves.Results: Thirty-two subjects were enrolled, including 22 subjects with BC and 10 subjects with PDC.There were significant differences in cold preference, levels of aspartate transaminase, β2-microglobulin,and creatine kinase MB, and alpha diversity indices(Shannon and Shannoneven) between the two groups. In principal coordinate analysis by abund-jaccard distance measure and partial least squares discriminant analysis, bacterial communities clustered separately between the two groups. Furthermore,based on Metagenome Seq, LEf Se, and the Wilcoxon rank-sum test, a total of 43, 18, and 130 OTUs were differentially distributed between BC group and PDC group, respectively, and OTU200, OTU133, and OTU353 were screened when P≤.01. The area under the ROC curve constructed from the 3 selected OTUs was 0.93.Conclusion: The FAM structure and related functional characteristics of the PDC group differed from those of the BC group. In particular, OTU200, OTU133, and OTU353 can be used as unique markers of PDC to assist clinical diagnosis.

Screening influencing factors of blood stasis constitution in traditional Chinese medicine

Objective To study the influencing factors of blood stasis constitution and provide a basis for treating blood stasis-related diseases by traditional Chinese medicine(TCM) constitution identification.Methods Data were collected using the self-developed TCM constitution identification platform based on B/S model by the project team. The obtained data were divided into blood stasis constitution and normal constitution groups. The differences of the categorical type influencing factors(gender, birth mode, feeding mode within four months of birth, family history, marital status, eating habits, sleeping habits, exercise habits, emotional state, stress situation, and living environment) and the quantitative type influencing factors(sleep time, age,and mother’s age at birth) on the constitution of the two groups were analyzed. In the singlefactor analysis, the Pearson’s chi-square test was selected for the categorical variable, and the independent sample t test and Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test were selected for the quantitative variables according to whether they conformed to the positive-terrestrial distribution;the binary logistic stepwise regression method was selected for the multi-factor analysis.Results The data of 318 cases were collected from the TCM composition identification platform, and 159 cases of blood stasis constitution were used as the experimental group and 159 cases of normal constitution were used as the control group. The Pearson’s chi-square test yielded significant differences(P < 0.05) in the effects of gender, pressure situation, family history, living environment, emotional state, exercise habits, and dietary habits on blood stasis constitution. The independent samples t test yielded differences in sleep duration between the blood stasis constitution and normal constitution populations(P < 0.05), which meant sleep duration of the blood stasis constitution population was less than that of the normal constitution population. The Mann-Whitney U nonparametric test results accepted the original hypothesis that there was no difference in the distribution of age and mother’s age at birth across constitution types(P > 0.05). Binary logistic regression analysis showed that gender, family history, marital status, living environment, exercise habits, and emotional state were risk factors for blood stasis constitution(P < 0.05).Conclusion Gender, family history, living environment, emotional state, and exercise habits were significant influencing factors of blood stasis constitution. Blood stasis constitution populations can pay more attention to these influencing factors in their daily life for the prevention and reconciliation of blood stasis constitution.

China's Constitution:Guarantee for People's Rights

The Communist Party of China, which represents the fundamental interests of the broadest possible masses of the people, has always attached much importance to the rights of the people and the safeguard measures. As early as in the New Democratic Revolution period, it adopted in Ruijin, Jiangxi Province, an Outline Constitution of the All-China Soviet Republic in January 1934. The document stipulated that all workers, peasants, soldiers and other labor populace and their families, irrespective of their gender, ethnic group or religion, are equal before the law of the Soviet and enjoy the right to work, supervision, education and the freedom

Implement Constitutional Principles to Uncover Tort Cases——An interview with Wang Zhenchuan, deputy chief procurator of the Supreme People's Procuratorate

EDITOR'S NOTE: Since May 2004, the people's procuratorates in China have concentrated their efforts on uncovering cases of encroaching upon human rights by government functionaries by abusing their power. The move has aroused extensive attention. On this, our staff reporter interviewed Deputy Chief Procurator Wang Zhenchuan, who is in charge of the campaign against human rights violations.

Forum on China's Move to Enshrine Human Rights in Constitution

China Society for Human Rights Studies (CSHRS) called a forum of experts and scholars on March 15 to discuss the significance of getting human rights protection enshrined in China’s fundamental law—the Constitution. Presided over by CSHRS President Zhou Jue, the forum was attended by CSHRS vice-presidents Yang Zhengquan and Dong Yunhu and more than 20 human rights experts and scholars from the

基于WU’s三维信用论的农户贷款信用风险研究——山东省实证分析

利用山东省的调查数据,依据WU’s三维信用理论,对农户信用风险进行识别与预测。结果表明,诚信度与践约度中户主受教育程度、获评项数、是否党员、干部或村民代表、家庭劳动力数量、家庭纯收入、家庭总资产、是否信用村与农户信用风险显著负相关,但选取合规度中的因素对农户信用风险的影响在统计上不显著。

SOLVING COLORED YANG-BAXTER EQUATION BY WU’S METHOD

In this article, we discuss nonsymmetric solutions of the colored Yang-Baxter equation dependent on spectral as well as colored parameters and give all seven-vertex solutions by Wu＇s method. It is also proved that the solutions are composed of six groups of basic solutions up to five solution transformations. Moreover, al l solutions can be classified into two categories called Baxter type and free-fermion type.

A unified constitutive model for multiphase precipitation and multi-stage creep ageing behavior of Al−Li−S4 alloy

A unified constitutive model is presented to predict the recently observed“multi-stage”creep behavior of Al−Li−S4 alloy.The corresponding microstructural variables related to the yield strength and creep deformation of the alloy during the creep ageing process,including dislocations and multiple precipitates,have been characterized in detail by X-ray diffraction(XRD)and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).For the yield strength,the model considers the multiphase strengthening behavior of the alloy based on strengthening mechanisms,which includes shearable T1 precipitate strengthening,non-shearable T1 precipitate strengthening andθ′precipitate strengthening.Based on creep deformation mechanism,the“multi-stage”creep behavior of the alloy is predicted by introducing the effects of interacting microstructural variables,including the radius of multiple precipitates,dislocation density and solute concentration,into the creep stress−strain model.It is concluded that the results calculated by the model are in a good agreement with the experimental data,which validates the proposed model.

A GENERAL CONSTITUTIVE RELATION FOR FATIGUE CRACK GROWTH ANALYSIS OF METAL STRUCTURES

Crack growth rate curves are the fundamental material property for metal structures under fatigue loading. Although there are many crack growth rate curves available in the literature, few of them showed the capability to explain various special phenomena observed in tests. A modified constitutive relation recently proposed by McEvily and his co-workers showed very promising capability. This modified constitutive relation is further generalized by (1) introducing an unstable fracture condition; (2) defining a virtual strength to replace the yield stress; and (3) defining an overload and underload parameter. The performances of this general constitutive relation for fatigue crack growth is extensively studied and it is found that this general constitutive relation is able to explain various phenomena observed with particular strong capability on load sequence effect.

A 3-D Visco-Hyperelastic Constitutive Model for Rubber with Damage for Finite Element Simulation

A constitutive model to describe the behavior of rubber from low to high strain rates is presented.For loading,the primary hyperelastic behavior is characterized by the six parameter Ogden’s strain-energy potential of the third order.The rate-dependence is captured by the nonlinear second order BKZ model using another five parameters,having two relaxation times.For unloading,a single parameter model has been presented to define Hysteresis or continuous damage,while Ogden’s two term model has been used to capture Mullin’s effect or discontinuous damage.Lastly,the Feng-Hallquist failure surface dictates the ultimate failure for element deletion.The proposed model can accurately predict the response of rubber using a limited set of experimental data.The model has been validated here for the case of rubber but can be extended to a wide range of polymers.

WEN-TSUN WU’S ACADEMIC CAREER AND CONTRIBUTIONS

Wu Wen-tsun was born in Shanghai, China on May 12, 1919. He received his B.S. degree in mathematics from Shanghai Jiao Tong University in 1940.

MOFTEC Minister Wu Yi on China's Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation

The structure of China’s foreign trade now conforms basically to international trade norms China will set up a legal system for foreign trade and economic cooperation in three years Foreign investment enterprises will enjoy national treatment China shall become the member of the World Trade Organization at the earliest possible

TCM Treatment of Asthma in Children with Yin Hua Wu Mei Tang——Professor Liu Bichen's Experience in Treating Asthma

Asthma is characterized by paroxysmaldyspnea,rales in the throat,difficulty in breathing,and inability to lie horizontally.It is commonly seenin children with a weak body constitution,and tendsto be intractable,thus being harmful to the

Wu Zetian’s Manipulation of Confucianism and Buddhism

This paper discusses the overseas dissemination of Wu Zetian’s image as a stateswoman and a pragmatic“thinker”.The author studies Wu Zetian’s attitude towards Confucianism and Buddhism,and analyzes her manipulation of Confucianism and Buddhism for political purposes.

On resolution to Wu's conjecture on Cauchy function's exterior singularities

This is a series of studies on Wu＇s conjecture and on its resolution to be presented herein. Both are devoted to expound all the comprehensive properties of Cauchy＇s function f（z） （z = x ＋ iy） and its integral J[f（z）]≡（2πi）-∮cf（t）（t-z）-1dt taken along the unit circle as contour C,inside which（the open domain D＋） f（z） is regular but has singularities distributed in open domain Doutside C. Resolution is given to the inverse problem that the singularities of f（z） can be determined in analytical form in terms of the values f（t） of f（z） numerically prescribed on C（｜t｜ = 1） ,as so enunciated by Wu＇s conjecture. The case of a single singularity is solved using complex algebra and analysis to acquire the solution structure for a standard reference. Multiple singularities are resolved by reducing them to a single one by elimination in principle,for which purpose a general asymptotic method is developed here for resolution to the conjecture by induction,and essential singularities are treated with employing the generalized Hilbert transforms. These new methods are applicable to relevant problems in mathematics,engineering and technology in analogy with resolving the inverse problem presented here.

The Study of Wu Ningkun＇s Chinese versions of The Great Gatsby from the Perspective of Skopos Theory

Skopos theory has provoked a lot of research interest among scholars since it was introduced in the 1970s, Skopos theory has formed a new perspective of translation practice and research by breaking the traditional idea of translation equivalence so to some extent it is an important supplement to translation theories. In Skopos theory, translation is considered to be a purposeful communicative action, and the specific translation purpose determines the whole translational action. Functionally adequate means that the translation should be adequate to the requirements of the translation and it works as the criterion of translation. Skopos theory enables translators to select appropriate translation strategies according to their own purposes, so as to effectively solve the dilemma in the translation process whether faithfully display the form of source text or flexibly retain the sense of the source text. The Great Gatsby is the masterpiece of the American writer Fitzgerald, F. S.. He not only depicted the intoxicating atmosphere of the unprecedented prosperity in American history after the First World War with vivid images and cheerful rhythms but also described the sorrows about the disillusionment of the ＂American Dream＂ after the war. This paper takes the Skopos of German functionalism as a point to analyze The Great Gatsby translated by Wu Ningkun from the perspective of skopos theory. Through the analysis of the specific translation of the selected paragraphs, I conclude Wu＇s translation strategies from lexical aspect, syntactic aspect and discourse aspect. In Wu＇s version he kept the styles, rhythms, and American thoughts of the source text by foreignization. His skopos is to offer an opportunity to broaden the horizon of readers who are hunger for new ideas and knowledge at that time therefor it is rather necessary to absorb the ＂exotic elements＂ in the his translations.

Minister Wu Yi On the Development of China's Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation in the 1990s

Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation Wu Yi made a report entitled Opportunity and Prospects: Basic Thoughts on the Development of China’s Foreign Trade and Economic Relations in the 1990s to Chinese and foreign participants working in this fields at an international seminar on China’s Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation held in Beijing in mid-May.

MOFTEC Minister Wu Yi on China's Foreign Trade in 1995

At a national foreign trade conference held in Beijing in January, Minister of Foreign Trade and Economic Cooperation (MOFTEC) Wu Yi talked about China’s foreign trade and economic cooperation in 1995. On the targets of her ministry in 1995, the minister said efforts shall be made in the following aspects: ——In foreign trade, stress shall be put on exports. The ministry will enlarge the scale of exports and increase income from exports by raising the quality of export commodities and reducing costs. The foreign trade sector shall win

Wu Xiaobang, Father of China's Modern Dance

ＷｕＸｉａｏｂａｎｇ，ＦａｔｈｅｒｏｆＣｈｉｎａ＇ｓＭｏｄｅｒｎＤａｎｃｅＢｙＬＡＮＴＩＡＮＴＨＥａｐｐｅａｒａｎｃｅａｎｄｄｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔｏｆｍｏｄｅｒｎｄａｎｃｅｉｎＣｈｉｎａｉｓｃｌｏｓｅｌｙｌｉｎｋｅｄｗｉｔｈ（１９０６－１９９５）．Ｉ...