Comprehensive Drafts of Woven Fabrics

The crux of this paper is based on the pattern drafting of woven fabrics. It is necessary because many textile designers or weavers cannot generate and develop their personal pattern drafts for weaving. It is obvious that they mainly copy other people’s designs to weave. This paper therefore has provided an easy and simple way to learn, focus and develop their original designs to weave. The practical production method is used to create, generate and develop the pattern drafts in this paper. The paper focuses on the components of the pattern draft which will surely help to forecast and have a view of the appearance of the design before it is woven on the cloth. In conclusion, the weaver will be able to record and document his/her original works for posterity.

China drafts first standard on fast charging

In recent years,fast charging develops by leaps and bounds and growth rate is doubling.It is expected to be the biggest growth point in the market of consumer electronic accessories in the future.However,different fast charging standards made by enterprises have troubled consumers.To this end,

CFD-Based Method of Determining Form Factor k for Different Ship Types and Different Drafts

The value of form factor k at different drafts is important in predicting full-scale total resistance and speed for different types of ships. In the ITTC community, most organizations predict form factor k using a low-speed model test. However, this method is problematic for ships with bulbous bows and transom. In this article, a Computational Fluid Dynamics(CFD)-based method is introduced to obtain k for different type of ships at different drafts, and a comparison is made between the CFD method and the model test. The results show that the CFD method produces reasonable k values. A grid generating method and turbulence model are briefly discussed in the context of obtaining a consistent k using CFD.

Estimation of Reservoir Volumes at Drafts of 40% - 90%: Drought Magnitude Method Applied on Monthly River Flows from Canadian Prairies

The draft ratios for sizing the reservoirs can vary within a wide range (40% - 90% of the mean annual flow, MAF), depending upon the demands for water by various users, and environmental and ecological considerations. The reservoir volumes based on the drought magnitude (DM) method were assessed at aforesaid draft ratios using monthly-standardized hydrological index (SHI) sequences of 10 Canadian rivers located in the Canadian prairies and northwestern Ontario. These rivers are typified by a high level of persistence lag-1 autocorrelation, ρ1m ≥ 0.50 and up to 0.94) and coefficient of variation (cvo) in the range of 0.42 to 1.48. The moving average (MA) smoothing of monthly SHI sequences formed the basis of the DM method for estimating reservoir volumes. The truncation or cutoff level in the SHI sequences was found as SHIx [=(α - 1)μo/σo], [(α - 1)μo/σmax], or [(α - 1)μo/σav], where α (=0.40 to 0.90) is the draft ratio i.e. proportion of the MAF, μo and σo are the overall mean and standard deviation of the monthly flows, σmax is the maximum value of standard deviations and σav the average of 12 monthly values. The failure probability levels (PF) were fixed at 5%, 2.5% and 0% (corresponding reliability of 95%, 97.5% and 100%). The study revealed that the coefficient of variation is the most important parameter that influences the reservoir size while the role of lag-1 autocorrelation (ρ1m) appears more pronounced at high draft ratios, α such as 0.90, 0.80 and 0.70 in increasing the reservoir size. The DM based method can be regarded as an alternative to Behavior analysis for sizing reservoirs at the desired probability of failure or reliability level.

A Study of the Design of Emotional Points in Speech Drafts Writing

As it’s known to all,language is produced before written words,and speeches are also produced before speech drafts.Speech is not a simple oral expression,but a kind of language art.Many masterpieces that have been handed down for thousands of years are based on reason and emotion,making use of true feelings to move broad masses of readers.However,in the current speech drafts writing,there are many problems,such as empty content,rigid form and affectation,which can not meet the multi-level needs of contemporary social discourse scenes.Therefore,this paper takes the“emotional points”as the starting point,and discusses it from different aspects on the basis of expounding its concept and history.At the same time,this paper briefly analyses the prospects and outlets of emotional points design in the current speech drafts writing.

Performance Evaluation of Solar Chimney Draft: Application to Ventilation

Ventilation is one of the factors contributing to energy consumption in buildings and food preservation. The solar chimney proves to be an alternative for reducing conventional energy consumption. Thus, in this study, the performance of a solar chimney with two active faces for thermally drawing air from a chamber for preserving agri-food products was evaluated. These performances were experimentally assessed through data measurements: temperatures and velocities within the chimney, and their analysis using Excel and MATLAB. The obtained results were compared with those from literature to verify their validity. From this study, it is found that the maximum temperature at the chimney outlet reaches 49.4˚C with an average value of 43.7˚C. Additionally, the heating evolution of the chimney air presents four (04) identical phases in pairs, reflecting the chimney’s operation throughout day. The temperature difference between the outlet and inlet of the chimney reaches a maximum of 17˚C with an average of 12.6˚C. Regarding airflow, the maximum air velocity at the chimney outlet is 0.8 m/s, and the average velocities have consistently been greater than or equal to 0.46 m/s. Thus, it can be concluded that the solar chimney is capable of providing ventilation for the preservation chamber through thermal draft.

Determination of Parameters Affecting the Estimation of Iceberg Draft

Recent offshore oil and gas loading facilities developed in the Arctic area have led to a considerable awareness of the iceberg draft approximation, where deep keel icebergs may gouge the ocean floor, and these submarine infrastructures would be damaged in the shallower waters. Developing reliable solutions to estimate the iceberg draft requires a profound understanding of the problem’s dominant parameters. As such, the dimensionless groups of the parameters affecting the iceberg draft estimation were determined for the first time in the present study. Using the dimensionless groups recognized and the linear regression(LR) analysis, nine LR models(i.e., LR 1 to LR 9) were developed and then validated using a comprehensive dataset, which has been constructed in this study. A sensitivity analysis distinguished the premium LR models and important dimensionless groups. The best LR model, as a function of all dimensionless parameters, was able to estimate the iceberg draft with the highest level of precision and correlation along with the lowest degree of complexity. The ratio of iceberg length to iceberg height as the “iceberg length ratio” and the ratio of iceberg width to iceberg height as the “iceberg width ratio” was detected as the important dimensionless groups in the estimation of the iceberg draft. An uncertainty analysis demonstrated that the best LR model was biased towards underestimating the iceberg drafts. The premium LR model outperformed the previous empirical models.Ultimately, a set of LR-based relationships were derived for estimating the iceberg drafts for practical engineering applications, e.g., the early stages of the iceberg management projects.

The influence of AAR coupler features on estimation of in-train forces

Inadequate management of large in-train forces transferred through coupler systems of a railway train leads to running and structural failures of vehicles.Understanding these phenomena and their mitigation requires accurate estimation of relative motions and in-train forces between vehicle bodies.Previous numerical studies have ignored inertia of coupling elements and the impacts between couplers.Thus,existing models underestimate the additional dynamic variations in in-train forces.Detailed multi-body dynamic models of two AAR(Association of American Railroads)coupler systems used in passenger and freight trains are developed,incorporating coupler inertia and various slacks.Due to the modeling and simulation com-plexities involved in a full train model,with such details of coupler system,actual longitudinal train dynamics is not studied.A system comprising only two coupling units,inter-connecting two consecutive vehicles,is modeled.Considered system has been fixed at one end and an excitation force is applied at the other end,to mimic a relative force transmission through combined coupler system.Simulation results obtained from this representative system show that,noticeable influence in in-train forces are expected due to the combined effect of inertia of couplers and intermittent impacts between couplers in the slack regime.Maximum amplitude of longitudinal reaction force,transferred from draft gear housing to vehicle body,is expected to be significantly higher than that predicted using existing models of coupler system.It is also observed that the couplers and knuckles are subjected to significant longitudinal and lateral contact forces,due to the intermittent impacts between couplers.Thus,accurate estimation of draft gear reaction force and impact forces between couplers are essential to design vehicle and coupler components,respectively.

Experimental Study on the Resistance and Splash Performances of Water Collecting Devices for Mechanical Draft Cooling Towers

In recent years,water collecting systems,with the associated advantages of energy saving and noise reduction,have become the foundation for the development of a scheme to optimize the structure of cooling towers.To explore the feasibility of this approach for mechanical draft cooling towers,a small-scale experimental device has been built to study the resistance and splash performances of three U-type water collecting devices(WCDs)for different water flow rates and wind speeds.The experimental results show that within the considered ranges of wind speed and water flow rate,the pressure drop of the different WCDs can vary significantly.The resistance and local splash performances can also be remarkably different.Some recommendations about the most suitable system are provided.Moreover,a regression analysis of the experimental data is conducted,and the resulting fitting formulas for resistance and splash performance of WCD are reported.

Spray Effect on the Thermal Performances of a Dry Cooling Tower

Pre-cooling the inlet air of a dry cooling tower by means of a spray can improve the tower performance during periods of high temperature.To study the spray effect on the thermal performance of natural draft dry cooling towers(NDDCTs),in this study 3-D numerical simulations of such a process have been conducted using Fluent 16.2(a two-way coupled Eulerian-Lagrangian approach).The considered NDDCT is 120 m high and only half system is simulated due to its structural symmetry.Three different spray strategies have been investigated at a typical crosswind speed of 4 m/s,which is the most frequent wind speed.The results have shown that:(1)The three implemented spray strategies can improve the thermal performance of the studied NDDCT with a vary-ing degree of success.In one case,the heat rejection rate can be increased by 35.2%,and the tower outlet water temperature can be decreased by 2.1℃ when compared with the no spray case;(2)To improve the thermal per-formance of the NDDCT using a small amount of water,the design of the spray pre-cooling system must include more nozzles on the windward and fewer or even no nozzles on the leeward sides of the NDDCT.

Analysis and Optimization of Flow-Guided Structure Based on Fluid-Structure Interaction

Gases containing sulfur oxides can cause corrosion and failure of bellows used as furnace blowers in high-temperature environments.In order to mitigate this issue,the behavior of an effective blast furnace blower has been examined in detail.Firstly,the Sereda corrosion model has been introduced to simulate the corrosion rate of the related bellows taking into account the effects of temperature and SO_(2) gas;such results have been compared with effective measurements;then,the average gas velocity in the pipeline and the von Mises stress distribution of the inner draft tube have been analyzed using a Fluid-Structure Interaction model.Finally,the semi-closed internal corrosion environment caused by a 5 mm radial gap between the inner draft tube and the bellows has been considered.The gas flow rate in the residential space has been found to be low(0.5 ms–this value leads to a stable semi-closed internal corrosion environment for exhaust gas exchange);water phase in the exhaust gas is prone to accelerate the corrosion rate.On this basis,a bellows with an optimized inner draft tube has proposed,which includes corrosion-resistant honeycomb buffer rings.

China stresses high-quality development of rare earth industry

China’s State Council stressed high-quality development of the rare earth industry at an executive meeting chaired by Premier Li Qiang on November 3.The meeting also deliberated a draft revision on the Frontier Health and Quarantine Law,and approved a draft amendment to the Patent Law implementation rules.

Capacity Building Needs for Manual and Computer Assisted Teaching of Pattern Drafting for Entrepreneurship in Tertiary Institutions in Nigeria

This study investigated the capacity building needs for manual and computer assisted teaching of pattern drafting for entrepreneurship in tertiary institutions in Nigeria.The study was conducted and guided by two research questions and two hypotheses.This study adopted an ex-post facto research design.The population for the study consisted of 131 Home Economics lecturers from the Universities,Polytechnic,and Colleges of Education in South East Nigeria.The entire population was studied because of its manageable size,hence there was no sampling.The results of this study showed that the Home Economics lecturers are competent in drafting patterns using manual method.Technical skills required for lecturers of Home Economics to advance from manual to computer-assisted teaching of pattern drafting were identified.They include ability to grade patterns,ability to use software packages,and ability to discuss procedures of pattern drafting among others.Based on the findings,it was recommended among others that computer assisted teaching of pattern drafting should be incorporated and applied by Home Economics lecturers to ensure that students acquire technical skills that will enable them to enter into entrepreneurship.

Influences of fillet radius and draft angle on local loading process of titanium alloy T-shaped components

In order to study influences of geometric parameters on the T-shaped components local loading process, a new mathematical model considering the fillet radius and draft angle was established by using the slab method. The results obtained by the mathematical model agree with the data form experiment and numerical simulation, and the results are closer to the experimental and simulation results. The influence of draft angle may be neglected under the forming conditions used. The influence of fillet radius is notable, especially in the case that the ratio of fillet radius to rib width is less than 0.75.

Value of a newly sequenced bacterial genome

Next-generation sequencing(NGS) technologies have made high-throughput sequencing available to medium- and small-size laboratories, culminating in a tidal wave of genomic information. The quantity of sequenced bacterial genomes has not only brought excitement to the field of genomics but also heightened expectations that NGS would boost antibacterial discovery and vaccine development. Although many possible drug and vaccine targets have been discovered, the success rate of genome-based analysis has remained below expectations. Furthermore, NGS has had consequences for genome quality, resulting in an exponential increase in draft(partial data) genome deposits in public databases. If no further interests are expressed for a particular bacterial genome, it is more likely that the sequencing of its genome will be limited to a draft stage, and the painstaking tasks of completing the sequencing of its genome and annotation will not be undertaken. It is important to know what is lost when we settle for a draft genome and to determine the "scientific value" of a newly sequenced genome. This review addresses the expected impact of newly sequenced genomes on antibacterial discovery and vaccinology. Also, it discusses the factors that could be leading to the increase in the number of draft deposits and the consequent loss of relevant biological information.

驱除法律英译中的“Shall”病毒

我国法律英译有个老毛病,即“shall”之滥用——当“shall”固"shall”,不当“shall”亦“shall”。这后一种“shall”,即“shall”滥用症的病毒,由于法律英译工作的开展,由报刊至出版社的单行本,由出版单位的单行本而发展到由立法机关主其事的英译法律汇编,如The Laws of the People’s Republic of China(1979—1982及1987)(以下简称两卷本),蔓延更广,侵害我国法律英译文的机体,损害我国法律的国际形象,再也不能等闲视之了。 执笔至此,自责之感油然而生——笔者自身原来正是开国以来国内最早培养并传播“shall”病毒的先锋队的一名积极分子哩——深感责任重大,深省今是而昨非。

UG工程图标注符号自动归位的实现方法

介绍了工程图标注符号自动归位的基本原理,并结合UG平台给出了实现方法。

VPD技术在光电产品总体设计中的应用

从系统工程方法出发，叙述了在光电系统开发的设计阶段采用ＶＰＤ（ＶｉｒｔｕａｌＰｒｏｄｕｃｔＤｅｖｅｌｏｐｍｅｎｔ）技术实现光电产品全数字化拟实平台的方法和过程。

UG NX7.0制图环境中pax资源板图框模板文件的设置

NX中有些设置不太符合GB或使用习惯,需要使用者自行设计。如果能按照使用习惯制作模板文件,在出图时调用,将会给工作带来很大便利。基于NX7.0,以调用GB格式图框为例介绍了NX7.0制图环境中资源板pax模板文件的设置及调用方法。

X─Window应用程序与I─DEAS Drafting的集成技术

对软件二次开发中应用程序与绘图软件的集成技术进行了探讨；着重介绍了X─Window应用程序与I─DEASDrafting绘图软件的集成方法，通过此方法，可为用户提供一个集成的绘图环境．