Normalization of Hydrodynamic Coefficients in Morison Equation

The hydrodynamic coefficients C-d and C-m are not only dependent on the size of slender cylinder, its location in water, KC number and Re number, but also vary with environmental conditions, i.e., in regular waves or in irregular waves, in pure waves or in wave-current coexisting field. In this paper, the normalization of hydrodynamic coefficients for various environmental conditions is discussed. When a proper definition of KC number and proper characteristic values of irregular waves are used, a unified relationship between C-d, C-m and KC number for regular waves, irregular waves, pure waves and wave-current coexisting field can be obtained.

Evaluation of drag force on a nonuniform particle distribution with a meshless method

A meshless Element-Free Galerkin （EFG） method was used to directly simulate the fluidization process in two dimensions. The drag force on particles was obtained by integrating the stress and shear forces on the particle surfaces. The results show that meshless methods are capable of dealing with real particle collisions, thus are superior to most mesh-based methods in reflecting the fluidization process with frequent particle collisions and suitable void fractions. Particle distribution greatly influences the drag coefficients even for the same voidage, that is, there are large differences in the average drag coefficients between nonuniform and uniform particle distributions. Different compacting directions also have different regu- larities, so conventional formulas such as ＇Wen and Yu＇ and ＇Felice＇ models have some deviations in such nonuniform distributions. To evaluate the influence of the nonuniformity, the drag force in multiple particle systems was simulated by using nonuniformity coefficients, Cvx and Cvy, to quantitatively describe the nonuniform distribution in different directions. Drag force during fluidization can be successfully evaluated by the use of Cvx alone.

Numerical analysis of fluid flow dynamics around a yawed half-submerged cylinder inside an open channel

The drag and side force coefficients of a half-submerged cylinder in a free-surface flow were calculated through numerical simulations,with the aim of supporting the numerical modelling of log transport in rivers.The variability of these coefficients with the yaw angle with respect to the flow direction and with the ratio between the flow depth and the diameter of the cylinder were investigated.Simulations were performed with the three-dimensional code ANSYS/CFX,employing the volume of fluid multiphase technique to reproduce the critical interaction between the free surface and the cylinder.The numerical tests,showing the rise of the drag force coefficient for increasing yaw angles passing from flow-parallel to flow-perpendicular cylinder and the peak of the side force coefficient for flow-oblique cylinder,were validated by comparison with the results of laboratory experiments.The simulations were then extended to conditions with significant blockage in the vertical direction which had not been previously experimented,revealing a strong increase in the force coefficients for decreasing ratios between the flow depth and the cylinder diameter.A detailed description of the reproduced flow features in the proximity of the cylinder for the different cases was furthermore obtained.Such report,in addition to the analysis of the force coefficients,could serve a much wider range than that of log transport,i.e.,any case in which a floating cylinder interacts with free-surface flow.