Special stent for draining the abdominal abscess respectively from colon and duodenum:A case report

BACKGROUND Postoperative abdominal infections are an important and heterogeneous health challenge.Many samll abdominal abscesses are resolved with antibiotics,but larger or symptomatic abscesses may require procedural management.CASE SUMMARY A 65-year-old male patient who suffered operation for the left hepatocellular carcinoma eight months ago,came to our hospital with recurrent abdominal pain,vomit,and fever for one month.Abdominal computed tomography showed that a big low-density dumbbell-shaped mass among the liver and intestine.Colonoscopy showed a submucosal mass with a fistula at colon of liver region.Gastroscopy showed a big rupture on the submucosal mass at the descending duodenum and a fistula at the duodenal bulb.Under colonoscopy,the brown liquid and pus were drained from the mass with“special stent device”.Under gastroscopy,we closed the rupture of the mass with a loop and six clips for purse stitching at the descending duodenum,and the same method as colonoscopy was used to drain the brown liquid and pus from the mass.The symptom of abdominal pain,vomit and fever were relieved after the treatment.CONCLUSION The special stent device could be effectively for draining the abdominal abscess respectively from colon and duodenum.

Pancreatic paraganglioma with draining vessels

A pancreatic paraganglioma is a rare neoplasm that is difficult to distinguish from a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour. Here we present a case of pancreatic paraganglioma that was surgically resected following preoperative diagnosis of a pancreatic neuroendocrine tumour. Careful evaluation of the endoscopic ultrasonography findings revealed abundant draining ves-sels,which could have led to a correct preoperative diagnosis of pancreatic paraganglioma.

Numerical Analysis of Slag Carry-Over during Molten Steel Draining

Slag carry-over during the draining of molten steel from a teeming ladle is numerically studied here. Two-phase isothermal transient 3D Computational Fluid Dynamics simulations were employed to simulate the draining process. Two nozzle diameters, two nozzle positions and three slag heights were considered. From mass balances, the slag carry-over in terms of mass flow rate was obtained for each of the above variables. Besides, the draining times of the teeming ladle were estimated from theoretical considerations and CDF simulations, and compared.

RESEARCH ON GUARANTEED WATER DEPTH FOR SAFE DRAINING AT ZUYUAN SEWAGE OUTLET

To select the location of sewage outlet in the sewage disposal program of Shanghai is a rather comprehensive problem which covers many fields and has great influences. The sewage outlet at Zuyuan, about 10 km away from Wusongkou, is situated on the south bank of the South Channel in the Yangtze Estuary. In order to determine the water depth which can guaranteed the safe draining of sewage at the outlet, a statistical method is adopted in this paper for the determination of the guarantee rate of safe draining at Zuyuan sewage outlet by means of the characteristics of fluvial process and previous topographic data, and the guaranteed water depth for safe draining is then determined.

Sewage draining schemes of Qinhuangdao City in Beidaihe Area,China

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Some problems on the research and development of the application of methane draining boring technology to prevent hazards in underground coal mines in Vietnam

Underground coal mining activities in the Quangninh coal basin (in the North ofVietnam) have been carried out at a depth of-130 m to-150 m,and in the near future thismining depth will become-300 m and-500 m.Together with the increasing coal output,the quantity of methane and other mine gases emitted from coal beds during mining activitieswill grow bigger and bigger.According to the forecast of the coal mining industry,ifmines go deeper downward,all underground coal mines in the Quangninh basin will beclassified into the mine group with the dangerous level of methane bearings.Mine gascontrol and management operations with conventional ventilation are less effective andentail high expenses.One of the main solutions is to carry out short,medium and longboreholes for controlling and recovering methane and other mine gases from coal bedsbefore mining activities.Efficiency of drilling activities for methane gas recovery from coalseams with horizontal bore holes at underground coal mines depends on many factors includingthe mine gas draining borehole layout at the roadways,gas content in the coalbeds,technologies for mine gas draining boring activities,and so on.Methane gas existsin the coal beds under the adhesive state with stable physical and chemical bonds.In orderto recover these gases,it is necessary to carry out boreholes and create artificial joints(collecting pits) in coal beds with the impulse method (hydraulic separation method).

Research progress on the application of traditional Chinese medicine in the draining water method of chronic heart failure

Chronic heart failure(CHF)is a public health problem that seriously affects the quality of life of patients with poor prognosis.Western medicine has been mature in the treatment of CHF,but it still has some limitations and adverse reactions in improving the clinical symptoms of CHF.TCM has a long history of understanding of CHF,and in recent years,TCM has summarized and developed the experience of predecessors in the treatment of CHF,In particular,diuretic therapy,combined with Warming Yang,tonifying Qi,promoting blood circulation and removing blood stasis,has achieved good curative effect in treating CHF.When combined with basic treatment of Western medicine,it can reduce the adverse reactions of Western medicine.This review is to summarize.

A rare variation of the hemiazygos vein draining into the persistent left superior vena cava

During the dissection of a 72-year old male cadaver,the hemiazygos vein(HAV)coursing the left side that drains into the persistent left superior vena cava was observed.The HAV was formed at the junction of the 9th to 11th right posterior intercostal veins,right subcostal vein,5th to 11th left posterior intercostal veins,and left subcostal vein;then ascended posteriorly to the thoracic aorta.After collecting the accessory hemiazygos vein,it crossed over the aorta and the pedicle of the left lung via the hemiazygos arch,then converged with a communicative branch(vein of Marshall)that emerged from the left brachiocephalic vein to form the persistent left superior vena cava and entered the pericardium.

Tumor-draining lymph node-derived tumor-specific memory CD8^(+)T cells:a key player in PD-1/PD-L1 immunotherapy

A new study by Huang et al.in Cell identified the presence of tumorspecific memory CD8^(+)T cells in tumor-draining lymph nodes(TdLNs)and confirmed the critical role of this population in PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint therapy for cancer.I The work enriched our understanding of tumor-specific CD8^(+)T cell subsets and further refined the spatiotemporal mechanism of the antitumor effects of PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade(ICB).

Tumor-specific memory CD8^(+)T cells are strictly resident in draining lymph nodes during tumorigenesis

The functional exhaustion of CD8^(+)T cells represents a fundamental hallmark of chronic viral infection and cancer and,in both scenarios,is driven by prolonged exposure to persistent cognate antigens in the context of an immunoinhibitory microenvironment.Exhausted CD8^(+)T cells upregulate the expression of a wide diversity of coinhibitory immunoreceptors(also referred to as immune checkpoint receptors),such as PD-1,Tim-3,LAG-3,and TIGIT.Concomitantly,exhausted CD8^(+)T cells lose their potential to differentiate into functional memory cells and are characterized by hierarchical loss of effector function,leading to compromised tumor control and viral eradication[1,2].

Semi-analytical solution for drained expansion analysis of a hollow cylinder of critical state soils

The expansion of a thick-walled hollow cylinder in soil is of non-self-similar nature that the stress/deformation paths are not the same for different soil material points.As a result,this problem cannot be solved by the common self-similar-based similarity techniques.This paper proposes a novel,exact solution for rigorous drained expansion analysis of a hollow cylinder of critical state soils.Considering stress-dependent elastic moduli of soils,new analytical stress and displacement solutions for the nonself-similar problem are developed taking the small strain assumption in the elastic zone.In the plastic zone,the cavity expansion response is formulated into a set of first-order partial differential equations(PDEs)with the combination use of Eulerian and Lagrangian descriptions,and a novel solution algorithm is developed to efficiently solve this complex boundary value problem.The solution is presented in a general form and thus can be useful for a wide range of soils.With the new solution,the non-self-similar nature induced by the finite outer boundary is clearly demonstrated and highlighted,which is found to be greatly different to the behaviour of cavity expansion in infinite soil mass.The present solution may serve as a benchmark for verifying the performance of advanced numerical techniques with critical state soil models and be used to capture the finite boundary effect for pressuremeter tests in small-sized calibration chambers.

Reverse immune suppressive microenvironment in tumor draining lymph nodes to enhance anti-PD1 immunotherapy via nanovaccine complexed microneedle

The maturation of dendritic cells(DCs)and infiltration effector T cells in tumor-draining lymph node(tdLN)and tumor tissue are crucial for immunotherapy.Despite constructive progresses have been made with anti-programmed death-1(anti-PD1)checkpoint blockade for immunotherapy,the efficacy of PD1/PD-L1 therapy deserves to be improved.Here,we constructed a novel transfersomes based nanovaccine complexed microneedles to enhance anti-PD1 immunotherapy via transdermal immunization for skin tumor therapy.Transfersomes were functionalized with DCs targeting moietyαCD40,co-encapsulated with antigens and adjuvant poly I:C.Moreover,transdermal administration promoted accumulation in tumor-draining lymph nodes(tdLN),which could facilitate cellular uptake,activate DCs maturation and enhance Th1 immune responses.Using a mouse melanoma model,combined therapy of such nanovaccine complexed microneedles with pembrolizumab(αPD1)was able to enhance cytotoxic T lymphocytes activation,promote infiltration and reduce regulatory T cells frequency in tdLN and tumor tissues,which achieved reversion of the immunosuppressive microenvironment into immune activation.This study highlighted the potential of transfersomes based nanovaccines complexed microneedles as an attractive platform for tumor immunotherapy.

Numerical analysis of vortex core phenomenon during draining from cylinder tank for various initial swirling speeds and various tank and drain port sizes

A dimple appears on a free surface while rotating a cylinder tank filled with liquid. The dimple starts to concentrically deeper to a drain port at the bottom center of the tank. Over time, the dimple penetrates the drain port, a free surface forms a long and slender string shape in the tank, and a so-called vortexing （air core） phenomenon occurs. The generation of a vortex core depends on the size of the tank and drain port, and on the properties of the liquid in the tank. In this study, the liquid level and the time at which the vortex core is initially generated are numerically investigated using different values of tank diameter, drain port diameter, and ini- tial tank rotational speeds. Instead of a full three-dimensional analysis, a two-dimensional axisymmetric simulation is conducted. The momentum conservation equation in the circumferential direction is additionally solved in the two-dimensional mesh system. Several non-dimensional variables are created： the ratio of the air core generation distance and tank diameter, the diameter ratio of the tank and drain port, the rotational Reynolds number, the rotational Froude number, and the rotational Weber number. Finally, the non-dimensional air core generation distance is correlated with the other non-dimensional parameters.

Modelling smear effect of vertical drains using a diameter reduction method

Vertical drains are used to accelerate consolidation of clays in ground improvement projects.Smear zones exist around these drains,where permeability is reduced due to soil disturbance caused by the installation process.Hansbo solution is widely used in practice to consider the effects of drain discharge capacity and smear on the consolidation process.In this study,a computationally efficient diameter reduction method(DRM)obtained from the Hansbo solution is proposed to consider the smear effect without the need to model the smear zone physically.Validated by analytical and numerical results,a diameter reduction factor is analytically derived to reduce the diameter of the drain,while achieving similar solutions of pore pressure dissipation profile as the classical full model of the smear zone and drain.With the DRM,the excess pore pressure u obtained from the reduced drain in the original un-disturbed soil zone is accurate enough for practical applications in numerical models.Such performance of DRM is independent of soil material property.Results also show equally accurate performance of DRM under conditions of multi-layered soils and coupled radial-vertical groundwater flow.

Flow-Slip Stability Behavior of Calcareous Sand Treated by Microbially Induced Carbonate Precipitation Technology

Flow-slip damage commonly destabilizes coastal slopes.Finding a slope stabilization method for calcareous sands in the South China Sea is crucial.Microbially induced calcite precipitation is a promising,eco-friendly method for soil stabilization.This study investigates the effect of microbial treatments,initial relative density,initial cell pressure,and initial stress ratio on the flow-slip stability of calcareous sand specimens by using constant shear drained tests.These tests lay the foundation to study the mechanical instability of sand slopes.Results show that the microbial-treated specimens maintain stable stresses longer,take longer to reach the instability,and withstand larger volumetric strains.Microbial treatment effectively enhances sand stability under constant shear drainage,with improvements amplified by higher initial relative density and initial cell pressure.In addition,a smaller initial stress ratio reduces shear effects on the specimen and increases resistance to flow slides.Microanalysis reveals that the flow-slip stability of calcareous sand slopes is enhanced by contact cementation,particle coating,void filling,and mutual embedment of calcium carbonate crystals.

Palliative long-term abdominal drains vs large volume paracenteses for the management of refractory ascites in end-stage liver disease

BACKGROUND Long-term abdominal drains(LTAD)are a cost-effective palliative measure to manage malignant ascites in the community,but their use in patients with end-stage chronic liver disease and refractory ascites is not routine practice.The safety and cost-effectiveness of LTAD are currently being studied in this setting,with preliminary positive results.We hypothesised that palliative LTAD are as effective and safe as repeat palliative large volume paracentesis(LVP)in patients with cirrhosis and refractory ascites and may offer advantages in patients’quality of life.AIM To compare the effectiveness and safety of palliative LTAD and LVP in refractory ascites secondary to end-stage chronic liver disease.METHODS A retrospective,observational cohort study comparing the effectiveness and safety outcomes of palliative LTAD and regular palliative LVP as a treatment for refractory ascites in consecutive patients with end-stage chronic liver disease followed-up at our United Kingdom tertiary centre between 2018 and 2022 was conducted.Fisher’s exact tests and the Mann-Whitney U test were used to compare qualitative and quantitative variables,respectively.Kaplan-Meier survival estimates were generated to stratify time-related outcomes according to the type of drain.RESULTS Thirty patients had a total of 35 indwelling abdominal drains and nineteen patients underwent regular LVP.The baseline characteristics were similar between the groups.Prophylactic antibiotics were more frequently prescribed in patients with LTAD(P=0.012),while the incidence of peritonitis did not differ between the two groups(P=0.46).The incidence of acute kidney injury(P=0.014)and ascites/drain-related hospital admissions(P=0.004)were significantly higher in the LVP group.The overall survival was similar in the two groups(log-rank P=0.26),but the endpoint-free survival was significantly shorter in the LVP group(P=0.003,P<0.001,P=0.018 for first ascites/drain-related admission,acute kidney injury and drain-related complications,respectively).CONCLUSION The use of LTAD in the management of refractory ascites in palliated end-stage liver disease is effective,safe,and may reduce hospital admissions and utilisation of healthcare resources compared to LVP.

基于Drain3与Loganomaly的网络安全日志分析与事件响应

随着信息技术的发展,网络安全问题日益凸显,为了保障网络系统的稳定运行,对HDFS-v1日志进行研究。首先,利用Drain3算法对日志进行解析,有效避免了构造深度较大、不平衡的树,实验结果显示其精确率、召回率、F1度量及准确度均高达100%;其次,基于Loganomaly算法进行异常检测,训练结果训练集、验证集损失值分别为0.21、0.18,预测结果精确度为96.889%,召回率为93.604%,F1度量为95.218%;接着,再用Drain3算法对异常日志分类;最后,通过远程控制实现异常事件响应,发送报警邮件,确保在HDFS发生紧急情况时能够快速、有效地处理故障,保障大数据处理任务的稳定进行。

Numerical Algorithm Based on Quintic Nonpolynomial Spline for Solving Third-Order Boundary Value Problems Associated with Draining and Coating Flows

A numerical algorithm is developed for the approximation of the solution to certain boundary value problems involving the third-order ordinary differential equation associated with draining and coating flows. The authors show that the approximate so- lutions obtained by the numerical algorithm developed by using uonpolynomial quintic spline functions ave better than those produced by other spline and domain decomposition methods. The algorithm is tested on two problems associated with draining and coating flows to demonstrate the practical usefulness of the approach.

Study of the Efficiency of Vertical Drains by an FEM Method in Soil Treatment for Road Projects: Case of the Development and Bitumination Works of the ROCADE Porto-Novo in Benin

This article aims to study the efficiency of coupled vertical drains for the treatment of long-lasting compressible clay soils for the road project platform of the ring road of Porto Novo, capital of Benin. The experimental data allowed us to estimate a consolidation of 29% in 9 months, justifying the drainage of the soil. In order to study the efficiency of drainage, a FEM model was proposed simulating different scenarios. These include a drainless road, pavements equipped with vertical drains with meshes of 0.5 m 0.5 m, 1 m 1 m and 1.5 m 1.5 m respectively and horizontal drains. The results expressed in terms of variations in vertical stresses, effective stresses and shear deformations revealed significant variations in pavement performance depending on the mesh size of the vertical drains. The configuration with a mesh of 0.5 m 0.5 m showed the least deformations, thus indicating a reduction in deformations and better stress distribution. However, the other mesh configurations showed variable results, underlining the importance of choosing the right mesh for the specific project conditions.

Coupling Aquaculture—Crop Productions and Using of Water Drained from Ponds Rearing Clarias gariepinus as Fertilizer for Okra Production (Abelmoschus esculentus var. Clemson spineless, L. Moench)

The present study concerns the revalorization of drained water from aquaculture ponds rearing Clarias gariepinus on okra crops. The rearing was carried out at the farm of Gaston Berger University in 100 m2 ponds. In each pond, the individuals of C. garipinus with an average weight of 6 ± 0.3 g were stocked at a density of 11 per m2. The water temperature and pH were measured during the experiment. The control fishing is carried out every month to monitor variations in the weight and size of reared individuals. The plant production is carried out in elementary plots measuring 3 m × 1.5 m. Each plot was fertilized with either: drained water from C. gariepinus rearing (DWC), poultry droppings (PD), cow dung (CD) and mineral fertilizer (NPK). Treatments are carried out in tripliqua with either river water (RW), RW + the recommended dose of NPK (RD-NPK), RW + RD-PD, RW + RD-CD, DWC, DWC + 25% RD-NPK, DWC + 50% RD-NPK, DWC + 75% RD-NPK, DWC + 25% RD-PD, DWC + 50% RD-PD, DWC + 75% RD-PD, DWC + 25% RD-CD, DWC + 50% RD-CD, DWC + 75% RD-CD. Growth parameters and yield of okra were determined. The average temperature in the rearing environment was 27.6 ± 1.5˚C and pH 7.9 ± 1.1. After six (06) months of rearing, C. gariepinus individuals reached an average weight of 850.12 ± 1.3 g and an average height of 52.44 ± 1.1 cm. The daily weight gain and specific growth rates over this period were 3.9 g per day and 2.8% per day, respectively. The treatment T1 (RW + DR-NPK) gave the highest mean collar diameter and mean plant height with 2.3 ± 0.9 cm and 61.6 ± 32 cm, respectively. In T4 (DWC), the mean height of plants was 38.8 ± 23.5 cm and mean collar diameter 1.4 ± 0.8 cm. The growth performance in T4 was comparable to that of RD-CD (T3), but different from RD-NPK (T1) and RD-PD (T2). The highest average number, average weight, average length and average diameter of fruits were noted in treatments T13 (RW + RD-75%CD) and T7 (DWC + 75% RD-NPK). The best yields were noted in T1 (RW + RD-NPK) = 10.8 ± 5.4 t·ha−1, T5 (DWC + 25% RD-NPK) = 9.2 ± 4.6 t·ha−1 and T4 (DWC) = 8.6 ± 4.3 t·ha−1 which are comparable and higher than those obtained in T2 = 5.7 ± 2.8 t·ha−1 and T3 = 7.5 ± 3.8 t·ha−1.