Research on Horizontal Vibration of Heavy-Weight Drill Pipes in Directional Drilling

The mode of load and deformation of directional drilling string and the expression of trigonometric series of deflection equation are established by means of elastic deformation energy and of the vertical and horizontal bending. A calculation formula for natural frequency of horizontal resonance and rotational speed is derived based on the calculation method by Ritz, with which analysis is made for the cause and affecting factors of the excessive abrasion of heavy-weight drill pipe in high-angle holes so as to provide reference and basis for rational selection of drilling parameters and drilling tools in the future high-angle directional drilling.

Processing practice of Baosteel drill pipes

Drill pipe products are the most critical service requirement,the highest performance requirement and the highest quality reliability OCTG products.Through the continuous research on steelmaking,upset, heart treatment,straightening and friction welding,Baosteel improves the key technical parameters which affect the quality of drill pipe,such as material purity,Miu of internal upset transition area,toughness and straightness.Baosteel drill pipe products have met the demanding requirement of drilling operations.By BRP dephosphorization and LF desulfurization,the P,S content of Baosteel drill pipe is very low.The S content of S-135 drill pipe can be controlled in less than 10ppm.Baosteel designs a new closed-loop control system of upset end induction heating system.The system use temperature measurement inside the oven and closed-loop control.The temperature accuracy of the system can be guaranteed within the±15℃to get a stable upset quality.The upsetting process of the drill pipe is optimized by using patented technology and made the Miu from 100 mm to 140 mm.This make a substantial increase in fatigue life of the drill pipe.To improve the impact toughness of the drill pipe body,the drill pipe body material is changed from Cr-Ni-Mo system to Cr-Mo-V system and the heat treatment is changed from oil quenching to water quenching.To improve the impact toughness of the tool joint,the tool joint furnace is upgraded to improve heating capacity.To improve the impact toughness of the weld zone,a new fuzzy control system of weld zone heat treatment is developed.The temperature accuracy of the system can be guaranteed within the±5℃to get a stable heat treatment quality.A new drill pipe straightness automatic detection devices and self-learning method of straightening are developed to achieve automated straightening.A welding process with high speed,single-stage pressure and high forging force is applied to inertia friction welding.A welding process with low speed,three-stage pressure and low forging force is applied to continous friction welding.

Corrosion characteristics and mechanism of the S135 drill pipes in slurry

The corrosion mechanism of the S135 drill pipes was investigated through observation of the corrosion morphology and analysis of the corrosion products by scanning electronic microscope （ SEM）, energy dispersive spectrum （EDS） and X-ray diffraction （XRD）. The results show that the localized corrosion on the outer surface of the drill pipes was caused by oxygen corrosion due to the action of retained slurry. Cl - contained in slurry accelerated the corrosion and promoted the development of corrosion pits. Suggestions for mitigating or preventing such corrosion of the drill pipes are proposed based on the research results.

Stress Corrosion Cracking of High-strength Drill Pipe in Sour Gas Well

In high sour gas reservoir drilling process, it happens occasionally that high-strength drill pipe suffers brittle fracture failure due to stress corrosion cracking, and poses serious hazard to drilling safety. To solve this problem, this paper studied the stress corrosion cracking mechanism and infl uencing factors of highstrength drill pipe in sour environment with hydrogen permeation experiments and tensile tests. We simulated practical conditions in laboratory and evaluated the stress corrosion cracking performance of the high-strength drill pipe under conditions of high stress level. For the problems occurring in use of high-strength drill pipe on site, the paper proposed a technical measure for slower stress corrosion cracking.

Study on mechanical behaviors of double shoulder drill pipe joint thread

Double shoulder drill pipe joint(DSJ)is a novel thread structure which appears in recent years.Its strength reduced efficiently while the structure design is not appropriately,for the DSJ’s mechanical behaviors weren’t well studied.In this paper a 3D whole structure finite element model of DSJ was established based on the Principle of Virtual Work,and validated the model’s computing results by experimental results.The authors analyzed the stress and strain distribution with the 3D whole structure finite element model’s computing results under torque moment,compression force,tension load,and bend moment.And then acquired the DSJ’s mechanical behaviors under each load.The research works of this paper refer accordance to recognize and design the DSJ.

Improvement of Wired Drill Pipe Data Quality via Data Validation and Reconciliation

Wired drill pipe（WDP）technology is one of the most promising data acquisition technologies in today s oil and gas industry.For the first time it allows sensors to be positioned along the drill string which enables collecting and transmitting valuable data not only from the bottom hole assembly（BHA）,but also along the entire length of the wellbore to the drill floor.The technology has received industry acceptance as a viable alternative to the typical logging while drilling（LWD）method.Recently more and more WDP applications can be found in the challenging drilling environments around the world,leading to many innovations to the industry.Nevertheless most of the data acquired from WDP can be noisy and in some circumstances of very poor quality.Diverse factors contribute to the poor data quality.Most common sources include mis-calibrated sensors,sensor drifting,errors during data transmission,or some abnormal conditions in the well,etc.The challenge of improving the data quality has attracted more and more focus from many researchers during the past decade.This paper has proposed a promising solution to address such challenge by making corrections of the raw WDP data and estimating unmeasurable parameters to reveal downhole behaviors.An advanced data processing method,data validation and reconciliation（DVR）has been employed,which makes use of the redundant data from multiple WDP sensors to filter/remove the noise from the measurements and ensures the coherence of all sensors and models.Moreover it has the ability to distinguish the accurate measurements from the inaccurate ones.In addition,the data with improved quality can be used for estimating some crucial parameters in the drilling process which are unmeasurable in the first place,hence provide better model calibrations for integrated well planning and realtime operations.

Forming process and numerical simulation of making upset on oil drill pipe

The flow stress behavior of grade G-105 steel （API standard） for oil drill pipe in hot compressive deformation was studied by isothermal compression tests on Gleeble- 1500 thermal-mechanical machine. Referring to established empirical formulas, the constitutive equation of the flow stress for G-105 steel was obtained. For the grade G- 105 oil drill pipe （φ114.3× 10.92 mm）, through proper design of the die and applying suitable process parameters, and using coupled rigid viscoplastic thermo-mechanical finite element method, the forming process of making upset on oil drill pipe was numerically simulated. The simulation results show that the internal transition section of the oil drill pipe is not only continuous and smooth but also long （up to about 220-250 mm）.

Numerical calculation of temperature and phase change during the process of atomizing spray quenching on drilling pipe

A finite element method (FEM) procedure was developed in order to simulatethe quenching process for drilling pipe (DP). The calculating model was based ontime-temperature-transformation (TTT) diagrams, and incorporated with material properties dependenton temperature. The procedure was used to calculate the temperature-time histories, describe thephase transformations of atomizing spray quenching for DP in the welding zone, and predict thehardness distribution in radius direction after quenching in the zone. The calculated results metwell with that of experiments. It was easy to determine the parameters such as volume and pressureof the cooling water and compressed gas by use of the numerical calculation and experiments, becausethe value of convection coefficient was decided greatly by the mixture of the cooling water andcompressed gas. Moreover, the simulating results were helpful not only to design the quenchingequipment, but also to optimize the quenching process for DP's welding zone.

钛合金/钢钻杆复合钻柱动力学特性分析与优化设计

钻井深度的持续增加使钻柱面临的载荷工况越来越严苛。钛合金具有密度小、屈服强度高和弹性模量低等特点,基于井口钻杆抗拉余量设计要求,设计3种钛合金/钢钻杆复合钻柱,即复合钻柱1(Φ101.6 mm钻杆段全段使用钛合金钻杆)、复合钻柱2(Φ101.6 mm钻杆上半段使用钛合金钻杆)和复合钻柱3(Φ101.6 mm钻杆下半段使用钛合金钻杆)。为了探究钛合金/钢钻杆复合钻柱(简称为复合钻柱)的动力学特性,基于Hamiton原理建立复合钻柱的动力学模型,并采用节点迭代法和Newmark-β法对模型进行求解,分析3种复合钻柱的涡动特征、动态应力和振动特性,并与常规钢钻柱进行比较。结果表明:钛合金钻杆的使用可有效减缓钻柱涡动速度、动态应力,其中复合钻柱3的涡动速度、动态应力最小;基于振动特征强度对钻井作业参数进行优化,形成复合钻柱3的钻井作业参数推荐图版并给出合理的施工参数范围。

S135钻杆接头螺纹三维参数化建模及力学特性分析

S135钢级钻杆在矿井勘探、探放水、瓦斯抽采等钻孔施工中得到了广泛使用。然而,由于钻杆接头螺纹承受轴向拉压、扭转、弯曲及其复合载荷的循环作用,导致接头螺纹的使用寿命远远低于其设计寿命,是整个钻杆结构中最薄弱的环节。因此,通过万能拉伸试验获得钻杆接头材料的力学性能参数,经计算转化得到其本构参数,对钻杆接头进行有限元分析。为了提高有限元分析效率,推导垂直于钻杆接头轴线的螺纹截面轮廓几何表达式,基于旋转、抬升、缩径和连接节点的设计思路,提出了一种考虑钻杆接头锥度和台肩的三维螺纹参数化建模方法,并根据单元和节点之间的关系开发了钻杆接头连接的参数化三维六面体网格建模程序,通过与交互式建模方法计算结果的对比验证了其有效性和可行性。此外,对上扣扭矩、压扭及压弯扭复合载荷作用下接头外螺纹的力学特性进行了分析。结果表明:3种工况下钻杆接头外螺纹上的应力近似呈现“浴盆”形态,第1螺纹牙上的应力最大;随着圈次的增加,螺纹牙上的应力迅速下降,最后一圈螺纹牙上的应力呈现上升趋势;在弯矩的作用下,螺纹牙上的应力具有非对称特征。在接头螺纹设计时,必须考虑井眼曲率的影响并且需要重点关注接头压缩边第1螺纹牙上的应力。

含表面双裂纹的钻杆管体断裂性能研究

钻杆刺漏是钻杆在服役过程中最常见的失效形式,而钻杆表面裂纹的扩展是钻杆发生刺漏的直接原因。为更有效地评估钻杆表面含有多条裂纹时的安全性能,以某超深直井G105钻杆井口段为研究对象,建立管体外表面双裂纹有限元模型,分析了拉扭载荷下裂纹间距、次裂纹尺寸以及走向对环向主裂纹前缘J积分的影响。结果表明:轴向排列的环向次裂纹是相对最安全的,可大幅消减钻杆主裂纹前缘的J积分;环向排列的环向次裂纹相对最危险,可大幅增大钻杆主裂纹前缘的J积分;轴向次裂纹可增大钻杆主裂纹前缘或部分前缘的J积分,但增幅相对环向排列的环向次裂纹来说要微弱得多。次裂纹对主裂纹前缘J积分的影响强度随两裂纹间距的增大或次裂纹尺寸的减小而减小。因此在对含表面双裂纹的钻杆进行分析时,在次裂纹尺寸较大且距离较近的情况下应考虑次裂纹的影响;在次裂纹尺寸较小或距离较远时则可忽略次裂纹,将模型简化为单裂纹钻杆模型进行分析。

钻杆在扭转作用下的变形及抗扭性能分析

钻杆在煤矿勘探开发过程中占据着重要地位,因工作条件恶劣,易失效并造成钻井事故。基于材料力学、工程力学等对钻杆扭转时的切应力及变形量进行分析,建立钻杆在施加纯扭矩作用下的剪应力、单位长度扭转角及抗扭强度计算的力学模型。同时,通过ANSYS仿真得出切应力分布规律及扭转变形量。通过对比,ANSYS仿真结果与理论模型计算结果基本一致,为钻杆失效等进一步研究提供了理论依据。

超深井控温钻井隔热涂层参数影响机制研究

为揭示隔热涂层对超深井井筒温度场的影响规律,针对隔热涂层与钻杆的导热特点,采用传热热阻形式计算钻杆的综合传热系数,构建了考虑钻杆内隔热涂层影响的超深井井筒–地层瞬态传热模型,并采用有限差分法对模型进行离散,利用高斯–赛德尔算法进行迭代求解。通过理论分析和现场数据验证了模型的准确性。研究发现,钻杆内隔热涂层的导热系数对井底循环温度影响显著,随着导热系数减小,井筒环空温度迅速降低,出口温度升高;隔热涂层的厚度和长度对井筒温度也有重要影响,隔热涂层厚度越大,井底循环温度越低。这些发现为超深井钻井过程中井筒温度的调控和隔热钻杆参数的优选提供了重要理论依据。

基于DeepSORT和改进YOLOv5的煤矿井下钻杆计数方法

针对煤矿井下钻杆计数存在精度较差、效率较低等问题,提出一种基于DeepSORT和改进YOLOv5的煤矿井下钻杆计数方法。首先,设计DR-C3模块,提高YOLOv5网络提取特征的能力;其次,引入GAM注意力机制,减少复杂背景的干扰;然后,通过CARAFE上采样算子扩大感受野;最后,结合DeepSORT算法对钻杆进行实时追踪计数。实验结果表明,改进后的YOLOv5 mAP@0.5提升了2.8%;钻杆计数平均精度达99.4%,检测速度达到93帧/s,计数精度高,满足实际需求。

复合载荷作用下矿用定向钻杆接头的三维力学特性分析

煤矿钻杆在严苛的服役环境和复杂的受力状态下易失效,不仅影响正常生产,而且还因打捞困难致使事故恶化。针对上述问题,以煤矿φ73 mm外平定向钻杆为研究对象,对不同载荷下钻杆接头进行了受力分析,并通过单轴拉伸试验获得了接头材料的力学性能参数,构建了接头材料的本构模型。在此基础上,应用虚功原理、Von Mises屈服准则和接触非线性理论建立了钻杆接头螺纹的弹塑性有限元分析模型,分析了不同工况载荷作用下接头部位的受力状态及应力场分布规律。研究结果表明:在预紧扭矩为2000 N·m时,该钻杆接头具有良好的密封性能和联接强度;单扭和拉扭载荷下,靠近主台肩的第一螺纹牙为主要失效部位;在压、弯、扭载荷下,主台肩为主要失效部位;在钻机最大扭矩与推进力的作用下,接头的抗弯能力达到3°/3 m。

小井眼水平井洗井岩屑清除效率研究

为研究小井眼水平井洗井钻柱旋转时的岩屑清除规律,针对玛湖深层三叠系长水平井小井眼洗井工况,进行了相似试验设计,开展了岩屑启动流速和岩屑清除效率的试验研究。试验发现,采用不同排量冲洗岩屑床时,岩屑床呈现稳定运移、沙丘式波浪运移和整体运移等3种运移形态。试验研究了岩屑床稳定运移形态下岩屑粒径、排量和钻柱转速对岩屑启动流速及钻柱转速对岩屑床高度和形成稳定岩屑床所需时间的影响规律,分析了岩屑床整体运移形态下岩屑粒径、排量和岩屑床初始质量对岩屑床清除效率的影响。研究结果表明,岩屑粒径越小所需启动流速越低,钻柱旋转后等效岩屑启动流速降低45.5%,钻柱转速升高会使形成稳定岩屑床所需时间缩短,岩屑清除效率提高;当岩屑床发生整体运移后,较低排量下岩屑床清除速度受岩屑粒径影响较小,高排量下大粒径岩屑床的运移速度快。排量和钻柱转速是提高洗井过程岩屑床清除效率的关键,而现在洗井时钻柱转速较低,可适当提高钻柱转速,以提高洗井效率。

特厚煤层孤岛煤柱水力扩孔防冲卸压技术研究

砚北煤矿2502采区大巷保护煤柱两侧采空,为孤岛煤柱,应力集中程度高,由于煤层较厚,传统大直径钻孔卸压无法取得较好的防冲效果,针对该问题,提出了煤层水力扩孔卸压的技术。通过理论分析研究了水射流破煤和扩孔的卸压机理,水力扩孔通过增加钻孔孔径扩大了单孔的卸压范围;确定了砚北煤矿特厚煤层水力扩孔的主要技术参数,采用数值模拟分析了钻孔内分段扩孔的卸压模式;开发了相应的配套设备,采用双层高压钻杆实现煤体的“钻-割”一体化卸压,提高了卸压效率。通过砚北煤矿现场试验表明,煤层水力扩孔在水压40 MPa和高压喷嘴作用下,扩孔半径能够达到0.35~0.5 m,钻屑量在扩孔区域明显降低,表明水力扩孔能够显著降低煤体内应力集中,达到冲击地压防治的目的。

石油钻杆的发展趋势分析

随着钻井工况的复杂化、钻井深度加深以及其他特殊钻井的需求,钻杆定制化生产的要求越来越多,如抗硫钻杆、超高强度钢级钻杆、特殊螺纹钻杆等高端石油钻杆。目前,国内石油钻杆生产厂家都以生产API标准的石油钻杆为主,同质化竞争严重,针对深井、深海井、高腐蚀性井等领域发展所需的抗硫钻杆、超高强度钢级钻杆、特殊螺纹钻杆等高端石油钻杆产品目前涉足厂家较少,在特殊用途钻杆市场内还未形成竞争力。石油钻杆未来发展趋势一定是以满足特殊用途的定制化钻杆为前提的高端石油钻杆。本文立足于国内市场现状,放眼石油钻杆发展趋势,为今后我国钻杆的发展方向提出建议。

钻具熔切用铝热剂及其喷射机构研制

为实现管柱的快速解卡,采用铝热药剂燃烧产生的高能火焰经特殊的喷射机构引流后,对遇卡管柱实施快速环向熔融,是深井管柱遇卡故障高效快速处置的重要手段之一。文章结合大量地面金属板熔融穿透烧蚀测试,研发了适用于管柱熔融切割作业的专用铝热药剂,同时根据喷射火焰特征,研制了可对火焰实现径向引流作用的喷射机构,并开展了实验测试。实验结果表明:专用铝热药剂对金属板具有较强的烧蚀穿透能力,采用直径38 mm、高90 mm的铝热剂药柱在5 s内实现了厚度12 mm金属板的有效熔融穿透。喷射机构对轴向高速火焰经过流孔加速和引流面径向转向后,可完成对管柱的360°环向全覆盖,保证了管柱环向熔融切割的顺利实施。该研究为高温熔融井下钻具内切割工具的研制提供了重要技术支撑,为遇卡管柱高效快速切割技术的形成奠定了关键基础。