Study on Modeling and Control Strategy for Electric Drive Motor of Tracked Vehicles

Aimed at the requirements for electric transmission system of a military tracked vehicle, the motor's design indexes were analysed and calculated. A model based on saturate inductance parameter of interior permanent magnet (IPM) synchronous motor was brought forward by using finite element analysis. And its control strategy based on the largest running capability was studied also. The experiment results for a scale model show that the modelling method improves the model's accuracy, and the motor's control strategy is effective.

Review of Thermal Design of SiC Power Module for Motor Drive in Electrical Vehicle Application

In the current vehicle electric propulsion systems,the thermal design of power modules heavily relies on empirical knowledge,making it challenging to effectively optimize irregularly arranged Pinfin structures,thereby limiting their performance.This paper aims to review the underlying mechanisms of how irregularly arranged Pinfins influence the thermal characteristics of power modules and introduce collaborative thermal design with DC bus capacitor and motor.Literature considers chip size,placement,coolant flow direction with the goal of reducing thermal resistance of power modules,minimizing chip junction temperature differentials,and optimizing Pinfin layouts.In the first step,algorithms should efficiently generating numerous unique irregular Pinfin layouts to enhance optimization quality.The second step is to efficiently evaluate Pinfin layouts.Simulation accuracy and speed should be ensured to improve computational efficiency.Finally,to improve overall heat dissipation effectiveness,papers establish models for capacitors,motors,to aid collaborative Pinfin optimization.These research outcomes will provide essential support for future developments in high power density motor drive for vehicles.

Review of Three-phase Soft Switching Inverters and Challenges for Motor Drives

For electric vehicles (EVs),it is necessary to improve endurance mileage by improving the efficiency.There exists a trend towards increasing the system voltage and switching frequency,contributing to improve charging speed and power density.However,this trend poses significant challenges for high-voltage and high-frequency motor controllers,which are plagued by increased switching losses and pronounced switching oscillations as consequences of hard switching.The deployment of soft switching technology presents a viable solution to mitigate these issues.This paper reviews the applications of soft switching technologies for three-phase inverters and classifies them based on distinct characteristics.For each type of inverter,the advantages and disadvantages are evaluated.Then,the paper introduces the research progress and control methods of soft switching inverters (SSIs).Moreover,it presents a comparative analysis among the conventional hard switching inverters (HSIs),an active clamping resonant DC link inverter (ACRDCLI) and an auxiliary resonant commuted pole inverter (ARCPI).Finally,the problems and prospects of soft switching technology applied to motor controllers for EVs are put forward.

Fault Detection for Motor Drive Control System of Industrial Robots Using CNN-LSTM-based Observers

The complex working conditions and nonlinear characteristics of the motor drive control system of industrial robots make it difficult to detect faults.In this paper,a deep learning-based observer,which combines the convolutional neural network(CNN)and the long short-term memory network(LSTM),is employed to approximate the nonlinear driving control system.CNN layers are introduced to extract dynamic features of the data,whereas LSTM layers perform time-sequential prediction of the target system.In terms of application,normal samples are fed into the observer to build an offline prediction model for the target system.The trained CNN-LSTM-based observer is then deployed along with the target system to estimate the system outputs.Online fault detection can be realized by analyzing the residuals.Finally,an application of the proposed fault detection method to a brushless DC motor drive system is given to verify the effectiveness of the proposed scheme.Simulation results indicate the impressive fault detection capability of the presented method for driving control systems of industrial robots.

DC–DC Converter with Pi Controller for BLDC Motor Fuzzy Drive System

The Brushless DC Motor drive systems are used widely with renewable energy resources.The power converter controlling technique increases the performance by novel techniques and algorithms.Conventional approaches are mostly focused on buck converter,Fuzzy logic control with various switching activity.In this proposed research work,the QPSO(Quantum Particle Swarm Optimization algorithm)is used on the switching state of converter from the generation unit of solar module.Through the duty cycle pulse from optimization function,the MOSFET(Metal-Oxide-Semiconductor Field-Effect Transistor)of the Boost converter gets switched when BLDC(Brushless Direct Current Motor)motor drive system requires power.Voltage Source three phase inverter and Boost converter is controlled by proportional-integral(PI)controller.Based on the BLDC drive,the load utilized from the solar generating module.Experimental results analyzed every module of the proposed grid system,which are solar generation utilizes the irradiance and temperature depends on this the Photovoltaics(PV)power is generated and the QPSO with Duty cycle switching state is determined.The Boost converter module is boost stage based on generation and load is obtained.Single Ended Primary Inductor Converter(SEPIC)and Zeta converter model is compared with the proposed logic;the proposed boost converter achieves the results.Three phase inverter control,PI,and BLDC motor drive results.Thus the proposed grid model is constructed to obtain the better performance results than most recent literatures.Overall design model is done by using MATLAB/Simulink 2020a.

Review of Fault-tolerant Control for Motor Inverter Failure with Operational Quality Considered

In recent years,motor drive systems have garnered increasing attention due to their high efficiency and superior control performance.This is especially apparent in aerospace,marine propulsion,and electric vehicles,where high performance,efficiency,and reliability are crucial.The ability of the drive system to maintain long-term fault-tolerant control(FTC)operation after a failure is essential.The likelihood of inverter failures surpasses that of other components in the drive system,highlighting its critical importance.Long-term FTC operation ensures the system retains its fundamental functions until safe repairs or replacements can be made.The focus of developing a FTC strategy has shifted from basic FTC operations to enhancing the post-fault quality to accommodate the realities of prolonged operation post-failure.This paper primarily investigates FTC strategies for inverter failures in various motor drive systems over the past decade.These strategies are categorized into three types based on post-fault operational quality:rescue,remedy,and reestablishment.The paper discusses each typical control strategy and its research focus,the strengths and weaknesses of various algorithms,and recent advancements in FTC.Finally,this review summarizes effective FTC techniques for inverter failures in motor drive systems and suggests directions for future research.

A Review of Gallium Nitride Power Device and Its Applications in Motor Drive

Wide band-gap gallium nitride(GaN)device has the advantages of large band-gap,high electron mobility and low dielectric constant.Compared with traditional Si devices,these advantages make it suitable for fast-switching and high-power-density power electronics converters,thus reducing the overall weight,volume and power consumption of power electronic systems.As a review paper,this paper summarizes the characteristics and development of the state-of-art GaN power devices with different structures,analyzes the research status,and forecasts the application prospect of GaN devices.In addition,the problems and challenges of GaN devices were discussed.And thanks to the advantages of GaN devices,both the power density and efficiency of motor drive system are improved,which also have been presented in this paper.

A Review of Nonlinear Kalman Filter Appling to Sensorless Control for AC Motor Drives

Sensorless control of AC motor drives,which takes the advantages of cost saving,higher reliability,and less hardware,has been developed for several decades.Among the existing speed sensorless control methods,nonlinear Kalman filter-based one has attached widespread attention due to its superb estimation accuracy and inherent resistibility to noise.However,the determination of noise covariance matrix and robustness of model uncertainties are still open issues in practice.A great number of studies try to solve these problems in resent years.This paper reviews the application of extended Kalman filter(EKF),unscented Kalman filter(UKF),and cubature Kalman filter(CKF)in speed sensorless control for AC motor drives.As an iterative algorithm,EKF has advantages in processor implementation.However,EKF suffers from the linearization error and model uncertainties when applying to sensorless control system.This paper presents the predominant improvements of EKF which is also applicative in UKF and CKF mostly.

Study on Rotor IGBT Chopper Control for Induction Motor Drive

Rotor chopper control is a simple and effective drive method for induction motor. This paper presents a novel IGBT chopper topology,which can both adjust rotor resistance and protect IGBT efficiently. Investigation on the quasi transient state of the rotor rectifying circuit is made, and a nonlinear mapping between the equivalent resistance and the duty cycle is deduced. Furthermore, the method for determining the magnitude of the external resistor is introduced.

Starting Characteristics of Motor in Inverter-Motor Drive System

When the induction motor is fed from the PWM VSI inverter, with and without torque enhancing function, the variations of the starting torque and the starting current versus the starting frequency are analyzed, based on the steady state equivalent circuit of the induction motor.The corresponding expressions are derived, and the corresponding curves are also drawn, from which the initial starting frequency range can be determined properly and easily. The initial starting frequency range is the common range, in which the starting torque should be high enough and the starting current low enough.Some other useful formulas are also derived.These results are significant for electrical drive designers to make the starting schemes. The effects of the increase of the stator and the rotor resistances on the starting torque and the initial starting frequency range are also discussed, which is caused by the skin effects of the high order harmonics present in the PWM inverter output voltage.

A Review of Sensorless Control Methods for AC Motor Drives

In recent years,the application of sensorless AC motor drives is expanding in areas ranging from industrial applications to household electrical appliances.As is well known,the advantages of sensorless motor drives include lower cost,increased reliability,reduced hardware complexity,better noise immunity,and less maintenance requirements.With the development of modern industrial automation,more advanced sensorless control strategies are needed to meet the requirements of applications.For sensorless motor drives at low-and zero-speed operation,inverter nonlinearities and motor parameter variation have significant impact on the stability of control system.Meanwhile,high observer’s bandwidth is required in high-speed region.This paper introduces the state of art of recent progress in sensorless AC motor drives.In addition,this paper presents the sensorless control strategies we investigated for practical industrial and household applications.Both advanced sensorless drives of induction motor(IM)and permanent magnet synchronous motor(PMSM)are presented in this paper.

An Experimental Investigation on the Dynamic Behavior of Step Motor Drives

Step motors, compared to other drive systems, are low-cost and easy to use devices. However, despite these undeniable advantages, they are characterized by some critical running conditions, due to the loss of synchronization between the stator＇s magnetic field and the rotor. In order to theoretically investigate such a behavior, several complex mathematical models have been developed, which require several parameters to be defined. For most step motors, such parameters cannot be easily drawn from their data-sheets; on the contrary, in this paper the authors refer to a simplified electro-mechanical model where the most of the parameters are known from data-sheets. The dependence between electrical and mechanical quantities can be investigated by an experimental point of view. At this aim, a specific novel test rig has been designed and developed for either static or dynamic characteristics measurement of small size step motors. In particular, the test rig allow to measure rotor＇s angular position, motor＇s torque, currents flowing in the motor＇s phases. The paper ends with the report of the results of several experimental tests, carried-out on a small-size motor in different running conditions, and with some preliminary remarks on the basis of the measures analysis.

Energy Efficient Control of Three-Phase Induction Motor Drive

Induction motors are extensively used in industrial and household appliances and consume more than 50% of the total generated electrical energy. The need for energy conservation is increasing the requirements for saving the electrical energy. It is therefore important to optimize the efficiency of electrical drive systems under certain operating conditions. This paper proposes a new control scheme based on search method taking advantage of the fact, that at a certain torque and speed (operating point) there is only one value of stator voltage that operates the motor at optimum efficiency. Simulation performed and results are presented.

A Novel Current Sensor Technique for Brushless DC Motor Drives

The torque output in a permanent magnet brushless DC motor (BLDCM) is usually controlled by regulating the motor phase currents. In this paper, three kinds of PWM strategies together with some critical review on traditional current measurements in a BLDCM drive system are discussed. A novel method for assessing the PWM information and measuring the motor phase currents by a dc link current sensor is proposed. An attractive feature of the proposed method is the simplicity with the current sample processing because there is no need to incorporate the conduction information of the power switches or diodes. Only the single sided PWM or the double sided complementary PWM is needed with the proposed technique.

High Performance Servo-System of a Motor in Driect Drive Robotics

This paper decribes the control of a high performance variable reluctance motor system for direct drive robotics and industrial automation. The control system of a motor comists of a drive unit and a digital controller, possessing two functions of tbe analog dosed-loop control of motor velocity and the digit dosed-loop control of motor position. Then it discusses the closed-loop control of current in the three phases of the motor and the control of the lead angle of the motor. Finally, it suggests a design of the control circuits of motor current, velocity and position. The closed loop control of the motor position is achieved by a digit cotroller which consists of a microprocessor and other electronic components. It can control two variable reluctance motors simultaneusly. In order to be used for directly driving robots, the digit cotroller is equipped with a universal interface.

Research on the Control for the Planar Motor by Non-symmetric and Unilateral Driven

与由四组线圈单元驱动方式相比，三组线圈单元驱动的平面电机属于单边非质心驱动模型。为提高平面电机系统的伺服性能，需要准确的力解耦模型以及有效的控制算法。由于实际中存在建模误差，如永磁体线圈加工误差引起的推力误差、气隙厚度不均匀、外部不确定扰动等，使得基于名义模型的系统无法有效解耦。同时建模误差的存在使得闭环系统误差方程的等号右侧不为0，无法确保跟踪误差的收敛。因此，必须利用控制器对建模误差进行补偿。以三组线圈单元且x方向为单边非质心驱动的平面电机作为研究对象。为提高其轨迹跟踪与定位能力，提出一种非线性控制算法。在逆动力学控制算法的基础上增加鲁棒项，对建模误差进行有效补偿。采用李雅普诺夫（Lyapunov）理论证明了该算法的稳定性。实验结果表明，轨迹跟踪误差小于1．5μm，可见通过对建模误差的补偿，减小了多自由度间耦合作用对运动精度的影响，提高了平面电机伺服性能。

Fault Detection for PMSM Motor Drive Systems by Monitoring Inverter Input Currents

This paper has proposed a fault detecting method for DC supplied permanent magnet synchronize motor(PMSM)drive systems by monitoring the drive DC input current.This method is based on the fault signal propagation from the torque disturbance on the motor shaft to the inverter input currents.The accuracy of this fault signal propagation is verified by the Matlab simulation and experiment tests with the emulated faulty conditions.The feasible of this approach is shown by the experimental test conducted by the Spectra test rig with the real gearbox fault.This detection scheme is also suitable for monitoring other drive components such as the power converter or the motor itself using only one set of current transducers mounted at the DC input side.

Transient Analysis and Control Strategies for a Quad-lnverter Multiphase Multilevel Motor Drive in Faulty Conditions

In this paper, post-fault-tolerant control strategies for quad-inverter multiphase-multilevel induction motor drives are investigated. More specifically, four standard two-level three-phase VSIs （voltage source inverters） supplying the open-end windings of a dual three-phase induction motor is considered, quadrupling the power capability of a single VSI with given voltage and current ratings. In healthy conditions, the control algorithm is able to generate multi-level voltage waveforms, equivalent to the ones of a three-level inverter and to share the total motor power among the four dc sources in each switching period. This sharing capability is investigated under post-fault operating conditions, when one VSI must be completely insulated due to a severe failure on it. In this case, the conversion power unit can operate with a reduced power rating by a proper modulation of the remaining three VSIs. The whole ac motor drive has been numerically implemented, and the effectiveness of the proposed control strategies under healthy and post-fault operating conditions have been proved.

Power Supply of Macro-Micro Driven Linear Piezoelectric Motor

To investigate a novel macro and micro driven linear piezoelectric motor composed of an ultrasonic motor with macro movement and a piezoelectric actuator with micro movement,a digital signal processing(DSP)based macro and micro power supply is designed,which fits the new linear piezoelectric motor.The power supply comprises a control circuit,a voltage conversion circuit,an amplifier circuit,a half-bridge module,an optical isolatorsdrive circuit,etc,where the DSP of TMS320F28335 is used as the controller.When the linear piezoelectric motor working in a macro driven state,the power supply outputs alternating currents with high frequency and high voltage,which drives the linear piezoelectric motor dynamically at an ultrasonic frequency;while working in the micro driven state,the power supply outputs direct currents with high voltage,which drives the linear piezoelectric motor in micro driven statically.Here a prototype of the macro-micro power supply is designed.After a series of experiments on the power supply with and without loads,the results show that the power supply can drive and control the macro micro driven linear piezoelectric motor,and realizes quick and seamless switch between macro and micro drive.In addition,the power supply can drive and control the ultrasonic motor or piezoelectric ceramic micro actuator individually.The power supply achieves the multiple parameters of output signals adjustable simultaneously and exhibits good control characteristics.