Effect of Abnormal Posture on Quality of Life in Patients with Parkinson’s Disease

Background: Relationship between abnormal posture and QOL of Parkinson's disease is not clear. Objectives: To clarify the association between quality of life (QOL) and abnormal posture in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) and examine which QOL dimensions are involved. Methods: This study retrospectively examined PD patients (n = 57) who had undergone outpatient rehabilitation between January and March 2014. Evaluation items were Modified Hoehn Yahr (H-Y) stage, Unified Parkinson’s Disease Rating Scale (UPDRS)-Part III score, Timed Up and Go test (TUG, 3-m walking) result, Parkinson’s Disease Questionnaire (PDQ)-39 score, and the angle of forward and lateral trunk flexion in the standing position. Statistical analysis was performed to reveal the relationship between the total PDQ-39 score and individual evaluation items and which QOL dimensions were affected by abnormal posture due to forward or lateral flexion. Results: A total of 38 PD patients (17 men, 21 women;mean age, 73.2 ± 8.6 years) were enrolled. Among the evaluation items, lateral flexion angle showed a significant correlation with the total PDQ-39 score (r = 0.422, P = 0.008). PDQ-39 dimensions showing an association with forward flexion were activities of daily living (ADL) (P = 0.002) and communication (P = 0.007), whereas ADL (P = 0.004), communication (P = 0.021), and social support (P = 0.029) were associated with lateral flexion. Mobility was not associated with forward or lateral flexion. Conclusion: The present findings revealed a correlation between lateral flexion and QOL in PD patients. Among the PDQ-39 dimensions, ADL and communication were associated with abnormal posture.

Intersection capacity based on driver's visual characteristics

In order to reflect the influence of the drivers＇ characteristic differences on intersection capacity under a mixed traffic flow, a driver correction coefficient for the intersection capacity calculation according to the driver＇s visual characteristics is proposed. First, the parameters of the driver＇s visual characteristics at some real roads, including gaze fixation distribution, mean fixation duration, visual angle distribution and some other parameters at intersections, are collected. Then, the relationship between the traffic flow rate at intersections and the parameters of driver eye movements are established. The analytical results indicate that when the traffic flow is unsaturated, the parameters of driver eye movements change relatively little; however, when the traffic flow is saturated, the parameters of driver eye movements change drastically. Finally, the saturation-flow-rate model is modified according to the parameters of driver eye movements; thus, a capacity model of intersections considering the driver＇s visual characteristics is obtained.

LSFP下的机器人视觉定位技术研究

针对当前点云的定位算法中,多平面分割效果差、误匹配以及定位精度不够高等问题,提出LSFP的定位思想和C-S分割算法,对目标物体进行定位。在深度相机场景下,利用点云处理算法初步获取目标的位姿,经手眼标定后,进行初步引导;再使用3D扫描仪进一步定位目标物体。结果表明:(1)C-S分割算法对多平面分割效果良好,能更准确地去除多余平面,减少点云数量。(2)在垂直于Z轴且Z轴坐标值为171 mm和-10 mm的平面上,仅PrimeSense的定位距离的均方根误差为7.3 mm和8.2 mm,LSFP下的定位距离的均方根误差为2.6 mm和3.2 mm。(3)LSFP定位思想能扩大场景定位的范围,提高物体的定位精度,具有良好的准确性。

基于改进Faster RCNN的驾驶员手持通话检测

针对现有驾驶员通话行为识别误判率较高的问题,提出一种基于改进Faster RCNN的驾驶员行为检测方法,对驾驶员的违规手持通话进行检测.介绍了针对区域建议网络(RPN)及其损失函数的优化策略,并在原始Faster RCNN上运用多尺度训练、增加锚点数量以及引入残差扩张网络的方法增强网络检测不同尺寸目标的鲁棒性.基于车载平台上采集的驾驶员行为图像,对文中提出的方法进行仿真试验.结果表明:RPN和Faster RCNN通过交替优化共享特征提取网络部分,实现高效的目标检测,相较于原始Faster RCNN,检测精确度提高了3.8%,对环境的适应性更强.

基于空间S形曲线的盾构轨迹纠偏方法

针对盾构隧道施工过程中的盾构轨迹动态纠偏难题,综合分析盾构姿态影响因素,提出盾构轨迹空间S形曲线纠偏方法。依据隧道设计轴线、盾构姿态、盾构尺寸、施工参数等信息,从盾构当前位置开始,结合管片环排版优化算法对盾构轨迹进行预测纠偏,确保盾构逐环切向返回隧道设计轴线指定位置,并给出最佳拼装点位下盾构姿态、管片排版预测控制参数的量化值。集成上述研究成果研制了同济曙光盾构隧道动态纠偏分析软件,通过软件与盾构测量系统数据自动对接,实时对盾构运动轨迹进行动态纠偏,输出预测管片环最佳拼装点位及相应盾尾间隙等施工控制参数。工程应用表明,动态纠偏算法综合考虑盾构当前的状态,适用于不同姿态和轴线线型,结果合理、可靠、通用性强。

The relationship between intermittent limit cycles and postural instability associated with Parkinson’s disease

Background:Many disease-specific factors such as muscular weakness,increased muscle stiffness,varying postural strategies,and changes in postural reflexes have been shown to lead to postural instability and fall risk in people with Parkinson's disease(PD).Recently,analytical techniques,inspired by the dynamical systems perspective on movement control and coordination,have been used to examine the mechanisms underlying the dynamics of postural declines and the emergence of postural instabilities in people with PD.Methods:A wavelet-based technique was used to identify limit cycle oscillations(LCOs) in the anterior–posterior(AP) postural sway of people with mild PD(n = 10) compared to age-matched controls(n = 10).Participants stood on a foam and on a rigid surface while completing a dual task(speaking).Results:There was no significant difference in the root mean square of center of pressure between groups.Three out of 10 participants with PD demonstrated LCOs on the foam surface,while none in the control group demonstrated LCOs.An inverted pendulum model of bipedal stance was used to demonstrate that LCOs occur due to disease-specific changes associated with PD:time-delay and neuromuscular feedback gain.Conclusion:Overall,the LCO analysis and mathematical model appear to capture the subtle postural instabilities associated with mild PD.In addition,these findings provide insights into the mechanisms that lead to the emergence of unstable posture in patients with PD.

Modification of the Genetic Polymorphism of Glutathione-S-Transferase (GSTM1 and GSTT1) in Motorcycle Drivers Exposed to BTEX in Cotonou

The glutathione-S-transferase genes mainly the GSTM1 and GSTT1 alleles are responsible for the synthesis of detoxication enzymes that can remove toxic substances. The objective of this study is to seek changes in the genetic polymorphism of glutathione-S-transferase GSTM1 and GSTT1 in motorcycle drivers exposed to BTEX. Our study group consists of 60 motorcycle drivers including 30 professional and 30 non-professional. Blood samples were preleveled from the study population in the EDTA tubes and DNA was extracted by the phenol/chloroform method. The PCR technique was used to determine the presence or absence of genes. Our results showed that the percentage of GSTM1 null genotype has a statistically significant difference (P = 0.02), while the percentage of GSTT1 null genotype was non-significant (P = 0.76) between the two groups. The percentage of deletion of both genes is higher in professional than non-professional motorcycle drivers. Air pollution in Cotonou by BTEX seems to influence the deletion of the GSTM1 and GSTT1 genes at a higher percentage among professional than non-professional motorcycle drivers.

Spatio-temporal characteristics of regional sustainable economic growth drivers of China

Intellectual capital(IC)has become a universal performance indicator for the socioeconomic development of countries and regions.Based on a review ofnational intellectualcapital(NIC)and regional intellectualcapital(RIC)evaluation literature,we used the regional intellectualcapitalindicator(RICI)as a model for China’s RIC evaluation to indirectly understand China’s potential economic growth drivers.Specifically,we collected statisticaldata of31 provinces(including municipalities and autonomous regions)in China from 2004 to 2016to measure RICI and analyze its dynamic characteristics from temporal and spatial perspectives.In this paper,Delphi analysis was used to construct RICI model,and cluster analysisand exploratory spatial data analysis were used to analyze the temporal and spatial characteristics of RICI in China.The results showedthat RICI,which represents China’s overall economic growth drivers,increases annuallyand is consistent with economic developmentlevelduring the study period.Regarding the geo-spatial space,RICI follows the trend of“high in the east and low in the west”,gradually decreasing from eastern to western China.ForRIC structure,the shape of the radar chart of IC structure located in the eastern coastal areas is usually biased towards strong external relational capital,while that in western China is generally biased towards structural capital.For spatial correlation,China’s RICI has dependence on geographical adjacent space and economic space.Our research can provide policy suggestions for the sustainable development of regional economy from an IC perspective.

Quantification of Ride Comfort Using Musculoskeletal Mathematical Model Considering Vehicle Behavior

This research aims to quantify driver ride comfort due to changes in damper characteristics between comfort mode and sport mode,considering the vehicle’s inertial behavior.The comfort of riding in an automobile has been evaluated in recent years on the basis of a subjective sensory evaluation given by the driver.However,reflecting driving sensations in design work to improve ride comfort is abstract in nature and difficult to express theoretically.Therefore,we evaluated the human body’s effects while driving scientifically by quantifying the driver’s behavior while operating the steering wheel and the behavior of the automobile while in motion using physical quantities.To this end,we collected driver and vehicle data using amotion capture system and vehicle CAN and IMU sensors.We also constructed a three-dimensional musculoskeletal mathematical model to simulate driver movements and calculate the power and amount of energy per unit of time used for driving the joints and muscles of the human body.Here,we used comfort mode and sport mode to compare damper characteristics in terms of hardness.In comfort mode,damper characteristics are soft and steering stability is mild,but vibration from the road is not easily transmitted to the driver making for a lighter load on the driver.In sport mode,on the other hand,damper characteristics are hard and steering stability is comparatively better.Still,vibration from the road is easily transmitted to the driver,whichmakes it easy for a load to be placed on the driver.As a result of this comparison,it was found that a load was most likely to be applied to the driver’s neck.This result in relation to the neck joint can therefore be treated as an objective measure for quantifying ride comfort.

基于数字孪生技术的桩机姿态与工况监测系统

针对振动式打桩机操作人员视野受阻、桩体姿态监测困难、无法实时监控桩机运行工况等问题,提出一种基于数字孪生技术的桩机姿态与工况监测系统。建立反映当前状态的桩体姿态偏摆预警模型,通过分析预警模型实现对桩体偏摆预警并做出调整提示。同时监测系统还包括桩机工况监测模块、桩体姿态监测模块与虚拟模型驱动模块,实现对桩机运行数据的实时采集与传输,并建立三维动态界面,解决了传统沉桩视野受阻难题,提高了桩机的沉桩精度与工作效率。

综掘巷道大风量双压风筒下长压短抽除尘效果的模拟研究

煤矿井下大风量双压风筒综掘巷道具有产尘强度大、粉尘分散度高、巷道风速大等特点,严重威胁作业人员身心健康和矿井安全生产。为降低大风量综掘巷道粉尘浓度,基于CFD数值模拟软件建立了双压风筒综掘巷道物理结构,采用DPM模型,重点研究了单抽双压式通风下抽风筒入风口与巷道迎头之间的距离对掘进工作面粉尘运移规律的影响,分析了大风量双压风筒下长压短抽通风方式对司机位置作业环境的影响。结果表明:保持双压风筒出口距巷道迎头为4、5 m,压入风量为1 200 m^(3)/min条件下,当抽风筒入口与巷道迎头之间的距离为8 m时,司机位置粉尘浓度为30~90 mg/m^(3),作业环境最佳。

基于VxWorks半物理仿真中S-函数驱动模块的开发

深入研究了构建半物理仿真系统中I/O设备S-函数驱动模块的开发方法,详细论述了采用C MEX S-函数开发I/O设备驱动模块过程中各函数例程的作用、调用形式和开发方法,以及RTW下模型代码的生成过程,并基于该方法下完成了PCI6208DA等设备驱动模块的开发,驱动模块的开发成功有助于提高半物理仿真的灵活性和可靠性,具有一定的实用性和推广价值。

基于Simulink的硬件嵌入式实时仿真设计及应用

为了利用Matlab的强大功能实现在线实时仿真,提出了基于Simulink的硬件嵌入式实时仿真系统。在分析S-Function模块硬件驱动原理的基础上,介绍了用C语言编写S-Function函数,以调用设备驱动程序操作采集卡。论述了调试建立S-Function模块的过程。在仿真模型中该模块作为信源模块,解决了仿真过程中在线实时数据采集的问题,给出基于该模块的IEC推荐的闪变仪的设计模型和实验结果,论证了该仿真系统的可行性。该方法普遍适用于各种数据采集卡。

帕金森病患者前庭诱发肌源性电位特点及其与姿势平衡障碍及非运动症状的相关性

目的:探讨帕金森病(PD)患者前庭诱发肌源性电位(VEMP)特点并分析其与姿势平衡障碍及非运动症状的相关性。方法:纳入2022年6月至2023年6月河北医科大学第一医院神经内科收治的65例原发PD患者及性别、年龄相匹配的60例健康体检者(HC),均进行VEMP检查,采用统一帕金森病评定量表(UPDRS)、Hoehn-Yahr分期量表(H-Y)评估患者的运动症状及疾病严重程度,采用蒙特利尔认知评价量表(MOCA)、简易智能状态检查量表(MMSE)、汉密尔顿抑郁量表24项(HAMD-24)、汉密尔顿焦虑量表14项(HAMA-14)、匹兹堡睡眠量表(PSQI)、快速眼动睡眠期行为障碍相关量表(RBD-SQ)、帕金森病睡眠障碍量表(PDSS)、自主神经功能量表(SCOPA-AUT)、简易疲劳量表(BFI)、国际不宁腿综合征量表(IRLS)、帕金森病疼痛量表(KPPS)、Wexner便秘评分(WCGS)评价患者的非运动症状,采用Berg平衡量表(BBS)、平衡信心量表(ABC)、Tinetti平衡与步态量表(Tinetti-POMA)评估患者的姿势平衡障碍。采用Spearman相关性分析探讨VEMP与其姿势平衡障碍及非运动症状的相关性。结果:PD患者VEMP异常率显著高于HC[72.31%(47/65)vs. 33.33%(20/60),χ^(2)=19.056,P<0.001],异常模式以反应缺失为主[58.46%(38/47)]。VEMP评分与PD患者病程、LEDD及各量表评分间的Spearman相关性分析显示,VEMP评分与BBS评分(r=-0.307,P=0.013)、Tinetti-POMA评分(r=-0.255,P=0.042)呈负相关关系,与HAMA-14评分(r=0.323,P=0.009)、RBD-SQ(r=0.476,P=0.001)评分呈正相关关系。结论:PD患者的VEMP异常率会显著升高,且异常模式以反应缺失为主,VEMP异常与PD患者的姿势平衡障碍、焦虑情绪严重程度及RBD严重程度具有显著相关性。VEMP作为一种无创、客观的神经电生理学指标,可为诊断PD的脑干功能受损情况提供依据,为前庭刺激及前庭康复等辅助治疗PD奠定理论基础。

全彩LED驱动芯片的S-PWM优化

提出了一种基于全彩LED恒流驱动芯片的改进型的S-PWM(Scrambled-PWM)实现方法。该方法将16 bit灰度数据分为两个部分:10位的高比特数据(MSB)和6位的低比特数据(LSB)。LSB灰度数据得到的灰度控制信号被划分成63个部分,MSB灰度数据则重复计数64次来得到灰度控制信号,每当MSB数据计数完成一次,LSB灰度控制信号的一个部分被添加在MSB得到控制信号的后面。即使MSB数据全部为0,也能得到均匀分散的灰度控制信号。与传统的S-PWM方法相比,该方法提弥补了传统S-PWM方法在MSB数据全部为0时的不足,提高了数据的刷新频率。

采用C MEX S函数编写xPC环境下设备驱动模块的研究

在深入研究的基础上,论述了采用C MEX S函数编写此类设备驱动程序的方法和要点,并阐述了这些自定义设备驱动模块的生成和调用方式。此成果被成功地应用于三轴转台的实时测控系统中。

AEB工况下驾驶员姿态对损伤风险的影响

有无紧急制动(AEB)的正面碰撞工况中驾驶员姿态对运动学响应及损伤风险具有重要影响。本文采用THUMS(Ver.6.1)人体有限元模型建立了标准、后仰和前倾等3种驾驶姿态,搭建了正面碰撞约束系统模型,进行了6组50 km/h的仿真实验,对比分析驾驶员不同姿态在有和无AEB作用下的运动学响应以及驾驶员头、胸部损伤参数。结果表明:在有和无AEB介入时,后仰姿态的头部损伤风险均最高,其中有和无AEB介入的HIC_(15)分别为817.5和626.9。AEB的介入对驾驶员胸部压缩量影响最大,3种姿态的胸部压缩量分别增大了89%、115%和22%,后仰姿态胸部压缩量损伤最严重。研究结果厘清了驾驶姿态与AEB对驾驶员运动学响应以及头、胸部损伤的影响,为汽车约束系统和AEB的开发与设计提供了参考价值。

在RtLinux下利用S函数和TLC开发内嵌驱动程序

在实时应用中 ,对时间的要求比较严格。在RTW中 ,如果只使用非内嵌S函数常常不能满足要求 ,尤其在使用驱动程序时要和硬件交互 ,就需要使用内嵌式S函数。该文介绍了在Rtlinux中应用MATLABRTW生成的实时程序时 ,怎样利用S函数和TLC开发驱动程序并将其内嵌入RTW的生成码。它的优点是节约内存 。

应用于对等速率10G-EPON的10Gbit/s突发模式激光驱动器设计

针对IEEE 802.3av标准所定义的对等速率万兆以太无源光网络(10G-EPON)ONU相关应用,设计了一种10 Gbit/s突发模式激光驱动器芯片,并对调制电路和偏置电路的设计进行了改进,以实现较短的突发开启/关断转换时间.本设计采用低成本的0.18μm CMOS工艺进行流片,整个芯片面积为575μm×675μm.测试表明:该芯片可工作在10.312 5 Gbit/s的速率上;当电源电压为1.8 V时,可对50Ω负载提供高达36 mA的调制电流.突发开启/关断转换时间均小于0.2 ns,远低于IEEE 802.3av标准所规定的上限.该突发模式激光驱动器的输出满足10G-EPON时序参数的规定,适用于10G-EPON ONU相关应用.

基于Simulink/S-Function模块的数据采集板卡硬件驱动开发

在硬件在回路仿真系统中,模型需与数据采集卡之间进行实时数据的采集和交换,Simulink下Real Time Workspace工具箱提供了与硬件之间的实时数据采集和交换,但是工具箱并不支持市面上所有采集板卡的类型,给用户对采集板卡选型带来一定局限性。因此本文使用Simulink中S-Function模块编写不同采集板卡的硬件驱动,证明只要是数据采集工具箱支持的板卡型号,都可以用S-Function进行模块化硬件驱动编写,解决了Simulink中Real Time Workspace工具箱给用户在使用Simulink建模过程中对板卡选型的局限性这一问题。