Skin Sensitive Difference of Human Body Sections under Clothing— Smirnov Test of Skin Surface Temperatures' Dynamic Changing

Skin sensitive difference of human body sections under clothing is the theoretic foundation of thermal insulation clothing design. By a new method of researching on clothing comfort perception, the skin temperature live changing procedure of human body sections affected by the same cold stimulation is inspected. Furthermore with the Smirnov test the skin temperatures dynamic changing patterns of main human body sections are obtained.

Isolation and Identification of Pseudomonas solanacearum and Its Drug Sensitivity Test

Ten pathogenic strains were isolated fi-om gingers infected by blast, and were identified by substrate utilization test and biochemical test. The identifica- tion results showed that these ten strains accorded with the basic characteristics of Pseudomonas solanacearum. Drug sensitivity test of ten strains was carried out, and prevention agents were screened to provide an experimental basis for the control of ginger blast.

Drug Sensitivity Test and Regression Verification of Escherichia coli from Rex Rabbit

[ Objectives] The paper aimed to select drugs reasonably for treatment of rex rabbit colibacillosis, and to isolate the pathogenicity of Escherichia coll. [ Methods ] Pathogen isolation, drug sensitivity test and pathogen regression test were performed with rex rabbits killed by E. coli in clinic. [ Results] The isolate was E. coli 0-23, susceptible to amikacin and cefotaxime sodium; when the challenge dose was 1.0 mL/rabbit （about one billion E. coli）, the test animal would discharge mucous feces. [ Conclusions] The results provided model support for clinical medicine selection against rex rabbit colibacillosis.

A well test model for stress-sensitive and heterogeneous reservoirs with non-uniform thicknesses

In view of the anisotropy,heterogeneity and stress-sensitive permeability in low permeability reservoirs,an analytical well test model was established by introducing the concept of permeability modulus.This model considered the permeability stress-sensitivity,wellbore storage effect,and the skin effect.The perturbation technique and Laplace transformation were used to solve the mathematical model analytically in Laplace space,and the bottom-hole pressure type curves were plotted and analyzed in real space by using the Stehfest numerical inversion.

Isolation, Identification and Drug Sensitivity Test of a Pathogenic Escherichia coli Strain from Minks with Diarrhea

[Objectives] The study aimed to identify the pathogen that causes diarrhea in minks. [Methods] Liver tissues were aseptically collected from dead minks with diarrhea. By bacterial isolation and culture,morphological observation,biochemical test and pathogenicity test,the isolated strain was identified as pathogenic E. coli. [Results]The pathogen causing diarrhea in minks was confirmed as a pathogenic E. coli strain. Drug sensitivity test indicated that the isolated pathogenic E. coli strain was highly sensitive to ceftazidime,cefotaxime,enrofloxacin,florfenicol and cephradine,moderately sensitive to ampicillin,ciprofloxacin,amikacin,doxycycline,lincomycin and gentamycin,and resistant to amoxycillin,neomycin,spectinomycin,polymyxin and penicillin. [Conclusions] This study provided reference for the prevention and control of abortion in female minks in Qinhuangdao region.

Optimality of Group Testing with Differential Misclassification

Group testing is a method that can be used to estimate the prevalence of rare infectious diseases,which can effectively save time and reduce costs compared to the method of random sampling.However,previous literature only demonstrated the optimality of group testing strategy while estimating prevalence under some strong assumptions.This article weakens the assumption of misclassification rate in the previous literature,considers the misclassification rate of the infected samples as a differentiable function of the pool size,and explores some optimal properties of group testing for estimating prevalence in the presence of differential misclassification conforming to this assumption.This article theoretically demonstrates that the group testing strategy performs better than the sample by sample procedure in estimating disease prevalence when the total number of sample pools is given or the size of the test population is determined.Numerical simulation experiments were conducted to evaluate the performance of group tests in estimating prevalence in the presence of dilution effect.

Test and Study of the Rock Pressure Sensitivity for KeLa-2 Gas Reservoir in the Tarim Basin

KeLa-2 gas reservoir is the largest uncompartimentalized gas field so far discovered in China, with a reserve of hundreds of billions of cubic meters of dry gas. It has such features as extremely long interval (550m), high pressure (74.5MPa) and pressure coefficient (2.022). Gas reservoirs with a pressure coefficient of over 2.0 are not commonly found. The abnormal high-pressure reservoirs are quite different in characteristic and performance during the process of depletion exploitation. Therefore, it is necessary to know the property of pressure sensitivity for this abnormal high-pressure reservoir. The aim of this paper is to test the reservoir pressure sensitivity and to analyze its effect on the deliverability of gas. Through some experiments, the permeability change with the confining pressure of rock samples from KeLa-2 abnormal high-pressure gas reservoir is measured. A power function is used to match the measured data, and to derive an empirical equation to describe the change of permeability through the change of the reservoir pressure or effective overburden pressure. Considering the permeability change during the development of reservoirs, a conventional deliverability equation is modified, and the deliverability curve for KeLa-2 gas reservoir is predicted. The research indicates that the extent of the pressure sensitivity of rock samples from KeLa-2 is higher than that from the Daqing oilfield. KeLa-2 reservoir rock has the feature of an undercompaction state. The pressure sensitivity of a reservoir may decrease the well deliverability. It is concluded that for KeLa-2 reservoir the predicted absolute open flow (AOF), when the pressure sensitivity is taken into account, is approximately 70% of the AOF when permeability is constant and does not change with pressure.

Cost-Sensitive学习的一个新课题

Cost-Sensitive学习注重分类过程中的各种代价,特别是误分类代价和属性代价。在Cost-Sensitive学习中还有一种代价对分类的总代价有较大影响,这种代价可称为分类延时代价,即延误分类而造成的代价。包含分类延时代价的Cost-Sensitive学习是Cost-Sensitive学习中一个新的课题,这个新课题的目标是使分类过程中的误分类代价、检查代价及分类延时代价之和达到最小。给出包含一种简单的分类延时代价的Cost-Sensitive学习,提出一个既"摊薄"延时代价又减少浪费检查代价的检查策略。

误差在Cost-Sensitive分类中的应用

针对使检查代价和误分类代价最小化的Cost-Sensitive学习,讨论误差在分类过程中的应用,提出一个带阈值的决策树,并给出一个带阈值的检查策略。在基于Cost-Sensitive学习的分类中,确定属性值所用到的检测手段和设备精度存在一定的误差值,评估误分类代价更是有较大的误差。另外,很多分类问题并不要求达到百分之百的正确率,允许有一定的误差范围。把这些误差的边界看作是一个阈值,利用这种阈值来简化决策树的建立,改进检查策略的设计,提高分类效率。

氟康唑纸片扩散法和E-test法检测酵母菌体外药敏试验相关性研究

目的对比研究酵母菌氟康唑纸片扩散法和E-test法的相关性,以期确立一种简便可靠的酵母菌体外药物敏感试验方法。方法分别应用纸片扩散法和E-test法检测151株临床分离的酵母菌对氟康唑的敏感性,采用BOMIC仪自动读取培养板上的抑菌环直径,记录试验结果并对质控数据进行核实,使用WHONET-5.4软件分析结果并进行比较。结果两种体外药敏试验方法的一致率可达84.7%,极重要误差率为0.7%,重大误差率为2.0%,次要误差率为12.6%;对于光滑假丝酵母菌两种方法的检测结果有较大差异。结论应用WHO-NET-5.4软件分析得出氟康唑纸片扩散法和E-test法对于检测大多数酵母菌具有非常好的一致性,但对于部分菌株需要进一步应用常量肉汤法确定其最低抑菌浓度值。

阿拉善双峰驼脓肿病病原分离鉴定与药敏试验

近年来,双峰驼脓肿病呈现高发趋势,严重威胁骆驼养殖产业的健康发展。论文基于阿拉善双峰驼脓肿病自然病例,采集其脓液与痂皮进行病原分离纯化,采用形态学和扫描电镜观察分离菌形态特征,扩增分离菌16S rDNA进行碱基序列比较分析,并结合CLSI标准进行药物敏感性试验。结果显示,从病料样品中分离得到3种病原菌,经形态学和分子生物学鉴定为金黄色葡萄球菌、松鼠葡萄球菌和奇异变形杆菌。药物敏感性试验表明,16种抗菌药物中环丙沙星和左氧氟沙星对3种病原菌均表现敏感,对指导临床兽医合理用药具有重要实用价值。

E-test法对酵母样真菌的药物敏感性检测

目的:探讨抗真菌药敏试条(E-test)法检测酵母样真菌对伊曲康唑(IT)、5-氟孢嘧啶(5FC)、两性霉素B(AP)、氟康唑(FL)4种抗真菌药的敏感性。方法:用E-test法检测取自ICU患者的白色念球菌、热带念珠菌、光滑念珠菌、无名念珠菌、近平滑念球菌等5种酵母样真菌对4种药物的敏感性,判定其最低抑菌浓度(MIC)值。结果:白色念珠菌对4种药物均敏感,且对AP及5-FC最敏感,5种酵母样真菌对此两药的MIC值分别为0.002～0.75 mg/L和≤0.002～≥32 mg/L。结论:E-test法对酵母样真菌的药敏检测具有与微量稀释法良好的一致性,其操作简便,测值较精确,重复性好,因此在一定范围内有较好的临床应用价值。

Influence of multiple structural parameters on interior ballistics based on orthogonal test methods

Influence of multiple structural parameters on the performance of a gun launch system driven by highpressure reactive gases is important for structural design and performance adjustment.A coupled lumped parameter model was utilized to predict the propellant combustion,and a dynamic finite element method was applied to approximate the mechanical interactions between the projectile and the barrel.The combustion and the mechanical interactions were coupled through a user subroutine interface in ABAQUS.The correctness and the capability of the finite element approximations in capturing small structural changes were validated by comparing predicted resistance with experiments.Based on the coupled model,the influence of structural parameters of a medium-caliber gun on the system performance was investigated.In order to reduce the research costs,orthogonal tests were designed to investigate the comprehensive effects of the parameters.According to statistical analysis,the important order of the structural parameters on the launching process was obtained.The results indicate that the influence of the width of the rotating band stands out among the studied parameters in the gun.The work provides a method to investigate the influence of multiple parameters on system performance and gives guidance for controlling the system performance.

Diagnostic accuracy of tests for Helicobacter pylori in an Alaska Native population

AIM： TO evaluate the accuracy of two non-invasive tests in a population of Alaska Native persons. High rates of Helicobacter pylori （H. pylon] infection, H. pyIori treatment failure, and gastric cancer in this population necessitate documentation of infection status at multiple time points over a patient＇s life.urease test, 13C urea breath test （UBT）, and immunoglobulin G antibodies to H. pylori in serum. The performances of 13C-UBT and antibody test were compared to a gold standard defined by a positive H. pylori test by culture or, in case of a negative culture result, by positive histology and a positive rapid urease test.RESULTS： The sensitivity and specificity of the 13C- UBT were 93% and 88%, respectively, relative to the gold standard. The antibody test had an equivalent sensitivity of 93% with a reduced specificity of 68%. The false positive results for the antibody test were associated with previous treatment for an H. pylorlinfection [relative risk （RR） = 2.8]. High levels of antibodies to H. py/or/were associated with chronic gastritis and male gender, while high scores in the 13C-UBT test were associated with older age and with theH. pylori bacteria load on histological examination （RR = 4.4）. CONCLUSION： The 13C-UBT outperformed the antibody test for H. pylori and could be used when a noninvasive test is clinically necessary to document treatment outcome or when monitoring for reinfection.

An Improvement of the Mass Flux Convection Parameterization Scheme and its Sensitivity Tests for Seasonal Prediction over China

A modified cumulus parameterization scheme, suitable for use in a seasonal forecast model, is presented. This parameterization scheme is an improvement of the mass flux convection scheme developed by Gregory and Rowntree (1989; 1990). This convection scheme uses a 'bulk' cloud model to present an ensemble of convective clouds, and aims to represent shallow, deep, and mid-level convection. At present, this convection scheme is employed in the NCC T63L20 model (National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration). Simulation results with this scheme have revealed some deficiencies in the scheme, although to some extent, it improves the accuracy of the simulation. In order to alleviate the deficiencies and reflect the effect of cumulus convection in the actual atmosphere, the scheme is modified and improved. The improvements include (i) the full estimation of the effects of the large-scale convergence in the lower layer upon cumulus convection, (ii) the revision of the initial convective mass flux, and (iii) the regulation of convective-scale downdrafts. A comparison of the results obtained by using the original model and the modified one shows that the improvement and modification of the original convection scheme is successful in simulating the precipitation and general circulation field, because the modified scheme provides a good simulation of the main features of seasonal precipitation in China, and an analysis of the anomaly correlation coefficient between the simulation and the observations confirms the improved results.

Permanent deformation response parameters of asphalt mixtures for a new mix-confined repeated load test

The main objective of this work is to propose new mixture response parameters and to compare correlations with rut depths and sensitivity of permanent deformation response parameters based on field extracted cores and lab-mixed duplicates. A new "mix-confined" test is developed and four new parameters for this test are proposed. Correlation coefficients with rut depths and coefficients of variation (sensitivity) are compared between the four new and two existing parameters. Some parameters are recommended to be used for the newly developed test. The results show that, newly developed test can capture the changes of permanent deformation of asphalt mixtures. Only one new parameter (D1 of Stephen Price model) and one existing parameter (flow number, Fn ) have strong correlations with rut depths of asphalt pavements (R2 greater than 0.7) and have relative small sensitivity (coefficient of variation, COV, less than 30%). For polymer modified asphalt mixtures, the parameter D1 rather than Fn should be used. These findings can be used to check the permanent deformation of asphalt mixture during the mix design.

Prevalence of sensitive skin and its biophysical response in a Mexican population

AIM: To describe the frequency and biophysical response of sensitive skin in Mexican subjects, using the lactic acid test.METHODS: The lactic acid stinging test was applied to 250 healthy volunteers, both sexes, 18 years of age or older, without any active dermatoses on the test site. Volunteers were university students, workers of public institutions, and general population from San Luis Potosi, Mexico. Participants were not excluded based on socioeconomic status. Demographic data were obtained through a questionnaire. Skin phototype was obtained through colorimetry. Subjects were randomized to receive 10% lactic acid on one nasolabial fold and placebo on the other side. The presence and intensity of adverse sensations, such as itching, burning, or stinging, was evaluated through a 10-point VisualAnalogue Scale(VAS) prior to treatment and at 3, 5, 8 and 10 min after the intervention. Subjects with a VAS of 2 or higher were considered positive for the test. A VAS lower than 2 was considered a normal response to skin manipulation. Simultaneously, biophysical changes and barrier function were assessed by colorimetry, transepidermal water loss(TEWL), and capacitance. To decrease measurement variations by skin manipulation, the nasolabial fold was segmented in four areas of 1 cm2 for each time measurement. Descriptive analyses were made using central tendency measures. Analyses of data were performed using two-tailed c2 test, Fisher's test, t-test, logistic regression, or Mann-Whitney U test for non-parametric values between groups. RESULTS: Of the included 246 subjects, 68% were women and the mean age was 32 years. The most frequent skin phototype was Ⅴ(ranges Ⅱ-Ⅴ). Thirty-six percent of the subjects identified themselves as having sensitive skin. Fifty-two percent of the subjects were positive to the lactic acid stinging test, with a mean VAS of 4.5 at 3 min. Subjects with the self-diagnosis of sensitive skin were more likely to be positive for the test(80% vs 36%, P < 0.001). Lighter skin phototypes(types Ⅱ and Ⅲ) showed a higher response to the test compared to darker skin tones(type Ⅴ; OR = 0.88, P < 0.001). There were no statistical differences in baseline biophysical measurements. At 3 min, TEWL was significantly higher in subjects positive to the test(27.5 vs 23.7, P < 0.05). At 5 min, TEWL and capacitance showed statistical differences(26.0 vs 22.4, P < 0.05, and 239 vs 179, P < 0.05, respectively). After 5 min, values tended to return to baseline levels in both groups.CONCLUSION: Sensitive skin is frequent in our population. Darker skin phototypes have a lower prevalence of this syndrome, probably due to inherent differences in skin barrier function.

Improving quality of life in self-reported gastrointestinal disorders: An open trial of a food elimination diet guided by the ImmunoBloodprint food sensitivity test

Purpose: Irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and gastrointestinal (GI) disorders are genuine health problems that have serious consequences on a patient’s quality of life (QoL). IBS is a functional disorder characterized by chronically recurring symptoms, including abdominal pain or discomfort, altered stool frequency and consistency, and abdominal bloating in the absence of structural or biochemical abnormalities. Studies have indicated that symptoms and disability related to IBS and GI disorders correlate with QoL measures. Additionally, those who respond to therapy have an improvement in QoL. Therefore, we explored an open trial of a food elimination diet guided by the ImmunoBloodprint food sensitivity test and its effect on QoL in patients self-reporting an unresolved GI disorder. Methods: Eighty-four subjects aged 18 and above participated in the study. Subjects eliminated all IgG-mediated reactive foods from their diet for 90 days. QoL was assessed with the Irritable Bowel Syndrome-36 (IBS-36) and the Medical Outcomes Study Short Form-36 (SF-36) at baseline and 30-, 60-, and 90-day follow-up. The data were analyzed with linear mixed models. Results: Subjects had statistically significant improvements in all indicators of QoL according to the IBS-36 and SF-36 from baseline to 90- day follow-up. Conclusions: Subjects with unresolved self-reported GI disorders were able to improve all indicators of QoL in response to eliminating IgG- reactive foods from the diet. Given the inconvenience of keeping track of foods and symptoms to eliminate intolerant foods, a food sensitivity test combined with an elimination diet may be an effective method for improving subjective markers of QoL and health.

Application of the extended Fourier amplitude sensitivity testing(FAST)method to inflated,axial stretched,and residually stressed cylinders

This paper is dedicated to applying the Fourier amplitude sensitivity test(FAST)method to the problem of mixed extension and inflation of a circular cylindrical tube in the presence of residual stresses.The metafunctions and the Ishigami function are considered in the sensitivity analysis(SA).The effects of the input variables on the output variables are investigated,and the most important parameters of the system under the applied pressure and axial force such as the axial stretch and the azimuthal stretch are determined.

Isolation and Identification of Drug-resistant Escherichia coli Strains from Chickens

[Objective] This study aimed to isolate and identify the drug-resistant Es- cherichia coli strains from chickens. [Method] E. coli strains were isolated from the fecal samples collected from five chicken farms around Shangqiu City, and verified by biochemical and pathogenic assay. [Result] Among the 35 isolated E. coli stains, 11 E. coil stains were sensitive to florfenicol, amikacin, neomycin and gentamicin; 12 E. coli stains were moderately sensitive to ciprofloxacin, doxycycline and norfloxacin; 15 E. coil stains were resistant against erythromycin, penicillin and streptomycin. [Conclusion] Strengthening biosecurity measures, rationally using vaccine and choosing effective antibiotics are the most cost-efficient methods to control E. coli.