Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed on 57 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and 36 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter with 11 antimicrobial agents including getamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, ...Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed on 57 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and 36 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter with 11 antimicrobial agents including getamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, fleroxacin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, cefoperazone/sulbactam, ceftazidime, cefoperazone and doxycycline. Transferable drug resistance plasmid carrying rates of these clinical isolates were also studied. On the basis of the in vitro activities, 52.63%(30/57) of the isolated strains of P. aeruginosa were susceptible to antimicrobial agents selected (except doxycycline), 41.67%(15/36) of the isolated strains of Acinetobacter were susceptible to 11 antimicrobial agents. The sensitivity rate of P.aeruginosa and Acinetobacter to antimicrobial agents selected was 70% or greater to all except doxycycline. Furthermore, the sensitivity rate of P.aeruginosa to amikacin ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam, and that of Acinetobacter to cefoperazone/sulbactam, amikacin was more than 90%,among them amikacin, cefoperazone/sulbactam being the most effective. Plasmid analysis showed that 15.79%(9/57) P.aeruginosa strains and 13.89%(5/36) Acinetobacter strains carried plasmid. Conjugative plasmid carrying rates of P. aeruginosa strains and Acinetobacter strains were 7.02%(4/57), 13.89%(5/36), respectively. Conjugative plasmid didn′t play an important role in the formation and dissemination of drug resistance of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter.展开更多
BACKGROUND With the widespread use of antimicrobial drugs,bacterial resistance has become a significant problem,posing a serious threat to public health.The prevalence of clinical infection strains in hospitals and th...BACKGROUND With the widespread use of antimicrobial drugs,bacterial resistance has become a significant problem,posing a serious threat to public health.The prevalence of clinical infection strains in hospitals and their drug sensitivities are key to the appropriate use of antibiotics in clinical practice.AIM To identify prevalent bacteria and their antibiotic resistance profiles in a hospital setting,thereby guiding effective antibiotic usage by clinicians.METHODS Specimens from across the institution were collected by the microbiology laboratory.The VITEK 2 compact fully automatic analyzer was used for bacterial identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing,and the WHONET5.6 software was utilized for statistical analysis.RESULTS A total of 12062 bacterial strains of key monitoring significance were detected.Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated widespread resistance to penicillin,but none of the strains were resistant to vancomycin or linezolid.Moreover,219 strains of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci and 110 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were detected.Enterococcus faecalis showed moderate resistance to the third-generation quinolones ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin,but its resistance to nitrofurantoin and tetracycline was low.Enterococcus faecium displayed significantly lower resistance to third-and fourthgeneration quinolones than Enterococcus faecalis.The resistance of two key monitoring strains,Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae,to piperacillin/tazobactam was 5%-8%.However,none of the Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were resistant to meropenem.The resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to piperacillin/sulbactam was nearly 90%.Nonetheless,the resistance to tigecycline was low,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrated minimal resistance in the antibiotic sensitivity test,maintaining a resistance of<10%to the cephalosporin antibiotics cefotetan and cefoperazone over the last 6 years.The resistance to amikacin remained at 0.2%over the past 3 years.CONCLUSION Our hospital’s overall antibiotic resistance rate was relatively stable from 2017 to 2022.The detection rates of key monitoring strains are reported quarterly and their resistance dynamics are monitored and communicated to the entire hospital,which can guide clinical antibiotic selection.展开更多
目的探讨全球抗菌药物治疗药物监测(TDM)的研究现状、热点及发展趋势。方法检索Web of Science核心合集数据库自建库起至2022年12月31日收录的相关英文文献,利用CiteSpace软件从年度发文量、作者、机构、国家、共被引频次、关键词等方...目的探讨全球抗菌药物治疗药物监测(TDM)的研究现状、热点及发展趋势。方法检索Web of Science核心合集数据库自建库起至2022年12月31日收录的相关英文文献,利用CiteSpace软件从年度发文量、作者、机构、国家、共被引频次、关键词等方面对纳入文献进行可视化分析。结果共纳入相关文献1387篇;全球发文量自2011年起呈快速增长趋势,其中发文量最多的国家是美国,澳大利亚次之,中国排第7。发文量和被引频次最多的作者均为澳大利亚的Jason A Roberts(89篇,172次),其所在机构也在机构发文量排名中居首;中心度排名最高的作者为Mckinnon PS(0.13),最高的机构为St Vincents Hosp(澳大利亚圣文森特医院,0.36);出现频次最高的关键词为pharmacokinetics(药物代谢动力学,482次);高频关键词可形成10个聚类,归为5个方面;突现关键词不断变化,其中2017年至2022年为piperacillin(哌拉西林)、quantification(定量)、meropenem(美罗培南)、acute kidney injury(急性肾损伤)、validation(验证),关注点为开发新检测方法(涉及哌拉西林等多种抗菌药物)及用药安全。目前该领域已形成了以氨基苷类、糖肽类和β-内酰胺类抗菌药物为核心的研究热点,液相色谱串联质谱分析技术备受关注。结论抗菌药物的TDM研究正处于蓬勃发展阶段,监测药物种类不断增多,分析技术和监测人群多样化,未来将会为抗菌药物合理使用发挥更大的作用。展开更多
文摘Antimicrobial susceptibility test was performed on 57 clinical isolates of P. aeruginosa and 36 clinical isolates of Acinetobacter with 11 antimicrobial agents including getamicin, amikacin, ciprofloxacin, ofloxacin, fleroxacin, piperacillin, cefotaxime, cefoperazone/sulbactam, ceftazidime, cefoperazone and doxycycline. Transferable drug resistance plasmid carrying rates of these clinical isolates were also studied. On the basis of the in vitro activities, 52.63%(30/57) of the isolated strains of P. aeruginosa were susceptible to antimicrobial agents selected (except doxycycline), 41.67%(15/36) of the isolated strains of Acinetobacter were susceptible to 11 antimicrobial agents. The sensitivity rate of P.aeruginosa and Acinetobacter to antimicrobial agents selected was 70% or greater to all except doxycycline. Furthermore, the sensitivity rate of P.aeruginosa to amikacin ciprofloxacin, ceftazidime, cefoperazone, cefoperazone/sulbactam, and that of Acinetobacter to cefoperazone/sulbactam, amikacin was more than 90%,among them amikacin, cefoperazone/sulbactam being the most effective. Plasmid analysis showed that 15.79%(9/57) P.aeruginosa strains and 13.89%(5/36) Acinetobacter strains carried plasmid. Conjugative plasmid carrying rates of P. aeruginosa strains and Acinetobacter strains were 7.02%(4/57), 13.89%(5/36), respectively. Conjugative plasmid didn′t play an important role in the formation and dissemination of drug resistance of P. aeruginosa and Acinetobacter.
文摘BACKGROUND With the widespread use of antimicrobial drugs,bacterial resistance has become a significant problem,posing a serious threat to public health.The prevalence of clinical infection strains in hospitals and their drug sensitivities are key to the appropriate use of antibiotics in clinical practice.AIM To identify prevalent bacteria and their antibiotic resistance profiles in a hospital setting,thereby guiding effective antibiotic usage by clinicians.METHODS Specimens from across the institution were collected by the microbiology laboratory.The VITEK 2 compact fully automatic analyzer was used for bacterial identification and antibiotic sensitivity testing,and the WHONET5.6 software was utilized for statistical analysis.RESULTS A total of 12062 bacterial strains of key monitoring significance were detected.Staphylococcus aureus demonstrated widespread resistance to penicillin,but none of the strains were resistant to vancomycin or linezolid.Moreover,219 strains of methicillin-resistant coagulase-negative staphylococci and 110 strains of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus were detected.Enterococcus faecalis showed moderate resistance to the third-generation quinolones ciprofloxacin and levofloxacin,but its resistance to nitrofurantoin and tetracycline was low.Enterococcus faecium displayed significantly lower resistance to third-and fourthgeneration quinolones than Enterococcus faecalis.The resistance of two key monitoring strains,Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae,to piperacillin/tazobactam was 5%-8%.However,none of the Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae strains were resistant to meropenem.The resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii to piperacillin/sulbactam was nearly 90%.Nonetheless,the resistance to tigecycline was low,and Pseudomonas aeruginosa demonstrated minimal resistance in the antibiotic sensitivity test,maintaining a resistance of<10%to the cephalosporin antibiotics cefotetan and cefoperazone over the last 6 years.The resistance to amikacin remained at 0.2%over the past 3 years.CONCLUSION Our hospital’s overall antibiotic resistance rate was relatively stable from 2017 to 2022.The detection rates of key monitoring strains are reported quarterly and their resistance dynamics are monitored and communicated to the entire hospital,which can guide clinical antibiotic selection.
文摘目的探讨全球抗菌药物治疗药物监测(TDM)的研究现状、热点及发展趋势。方法检索Web of Science核心合集数据库自建库起至2022年12月31日收录的相关英文文献,利用CiteSpace软件从年度发文量、作者、机构、国家、共被引频次、关键词等方面对纳入文献进行可视化分析。结果共纳入相关文献1387篇;全球发文量自2011年起呈快速增长趋势,其中发文量最多的国家是美国,澳大利亚次之,中国排第7。发文量和被引频次最多的作者均为澳大利亚的Jason A Roberts(89篇,172次),其所在机构也在机构发文量排名中居首;中心度排名最高的作者为Mckinnon PS(0.13),最高的机构为St Vincents Hosp(澳大利亚圣文森特医院,0.36);出现频次最高的关键词为pharmacokinetics(药物代谢动力学,482次);高频关键词可形成10个聚类,归为5个方面;突现关键词不断变化,其中2017年至2022年为piperacillin(哌拉西林)、quantification(定量)、meropenem(美罗培南)、acute kidney injury(急性肾损伤)、validation(验证),关注点为开发新检测方法(涉及哌拉西林等多种抗菌药物)及用药安全。目前该领域已形成了以氨基苷类、糖肽类和β-内酰胺类抗菌药物为核心的研究热点,液相色谱串联质谱分析技术备受关注。结论抗菌药物的TDM研究正处于蓬勃发展阶段,监测药物种类不断增多,分析技术和监测人群多样化,未来将会为抗菌药物合理使用发挥更大的作用。
