Death as a Drug Side Effect in FAERS: Is Glyphosate Contamination a Factor?

An analysis of selected datasets from the FDA’s drug Adverse Event Reporting System (FAERS) leads us to hypothesize that glyphosate contamination in both food and drugs is a major contributor to chronic and acute kidney failure respectively. In chronic kidney failure, glyphosate-induced pancreatitis results in the release of trypsin, causing a leaky vasculature. The albumin-bound glyphosate escapes into the tissues, protecting the circulatory system and kidneys but resulting in multiple symptoms related to skin, gut, brain, bones, lungs, etc. The rare and poorly understood acute kidney failure response reported for protamine sulfate and Trasylol? is strikingly similar to that associated with glyphosate poisoning. Both drugs are derived from biological tissues that are plausibly contaminated with glyphosate. These drugs protect from haemorrhage, which leads to retention of glyphosate in the vasculature, are followed by circulatory collapse and a high likelihood of death as an outcome. We support our argument by comparing symptom profiles of selected subsets of FAERS with those related to glyphosate poisoning, anomalous reactions to protamine sulfate, and conditions showing strong statistical time-trend correlations with glyphosate.

Risk Factors Affecting Ischemic Stroke: A Potential Side Effect of Antihypertensive Drugs

Background: Stroke is a worldwide health problem, the world’s second-leading cause of death and third-leading cause of disability. Currently, the majority of stroke patients are ischemic stroke patients. It is necessary to evaluate risk factors to prevent ischemic stroke. Data and Methods: The risk factors for stroke in the previous fiscal year were analyzed. They were divided into nonmodifiable and modifiable factors. The probit and ordered probit models were used in the study, with 59341 and 50542 observations used in the estimation of the models, respectively. Results: Among the nonmodifiable factors, age, gender and cerebrovascular disease history are important risk factors. The history of cerebrovascular diseases is considered to be an especially important factor. Among the modifiable factors, taking antihypertensive drugs and recent large weight change are negative risk factors;however, sleeping well significantly reduces the probability of ischemic stroke. Conclusion: It is very important to ensure that medical personnel know a patient’s history of cerebrovascular diseases for proper treatments. Ischemic stroke might be considered an important side effect of antihypertensive drugs. Limitations: The dataset was observatory. There are various types of antihypertension drugs, and their effects are not analyzed.

Network-based method to infer the contributions of proteins to the etiology of drug side effects

Studying the molecular mechanisms that underlie the relationship between drugs and the side effects they produce is critical for drug discovery and drug development. Currently, however, computational methods are still unavailable to assess drug-protein interactions with the aim of globally inferring the contributions of various classes of proteins toward the etiology of side effects. In this work, we integrated data reflecting drug-side effect relationships, drug- target relationships, and protein-protein interactions to develop a novel network-based probabilistic model, SidePro, to evaluate the contributions of proteins toward the etiology of side effects. For a given side effect, the method applies an expectation--maximization algorithm and a diffusion kernel-based approach to estimate each protein＇s contribution. We applied this method to a wide range of side effects and validated the results using cross-validation and records from the Side Effect Resource database. We also studied a specific side effect, nephrotoxicity, which is known to be associated with the irrational use of the Chinese herbal compound triptolide, a diterpenoid epoxide in the Thunder of God Vine, Tripterygium wilfordii （Lei-Gong-Teng）. Using triptolide as an example, we scored the target proteins of triptolide using our model and investigated the high-scoring proteins and their related biological processes. The results demonstrated that our model could differentiate between the potential side effect targets and therapeutic targets of triptolide. Overall, the proposed model could accurately pinpoint the molecular mechanisms of drug side effects, thus making contribution to safe and effective drug development.

Why Don’t We Adequately Identify and Manage Adverse Drug Reactions despite Having the Needed Information?

Importance/Objective: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unavoidable, but recognizing and addressing ADRs early can improve wellness and prevent permanent injury. We suggest that available medical information and digital/electronic methods could be used to manage this major healthcare problem for individual patients in real time. Methods: We searched the available digital applications and three literature databases using the medical subject heading terms, adverse drug reaction reporting systems or management, filtered by clinical trial or systemic reviews, to detect publications with data about ADR identification and management approaches. We reviewed the reports that had abstract or summary data or proposed or implemented methods or systems with potential to identify or manage ADRs in clinical settings. Results: The vast majority of the 481 reports used retrospectively collected data for groups of patients or were limited to surveying one population group or class of medication. The reports showed potential and definite associations of ADRs for specific drugs and problems, mostly, but not exclusively, for patients in hospitals and nursing homes. No reports described complete methods to collect comprehensive data on ADRs for individual patients in a healthcare system. The digital applications have ADR information, but all are too cumbersome or incomplete for use in active clinical settings. Several studies suggested that providing information about potential ADRs to clinicians can reduce these problems. Conclusion and Relevance: Although investigators and government agencies agree with the need, there is no comprehensive ADR management program in current use. Informing the patient’s healthcare practitioners of potential ADRs at the point of service has the potential for reduction of these complications, which should improve healthcare and reduce unneeded costs.

Drug-Drug Interactions in Patients with Breast Cancer

The research paper investigates the intricate landscape of drug-drug interactions (DDIs) within the context of breast cancer treatment, with a particular focus on the elderly population and the use of complementary and alternative medicine (CAM). The study underscores the heightened susceptibility of elderly patients to DDIs due to the prevalence of polypharmacy and the widespread utilization of CAM among breast cancer patients. The potential ramifications of DDIs, encompassing adverse drug events and diminished treatment efficacy, are elucidated. The paper accentuates the imperative for healthcare providers to comprehensively understand both conventional and CAM therapies, enabling them to provide patients with informed guidance regarding safe and efficacious treatment options, culminating in enhanced patient outcomes.

Efficacy of Bee Products(Anzer Honey,Pollen and Propolis)in Detection and Healing of Damage Induced by Antidiabetic Drug Vildagliptin/Metformin Hydrochloride in Healthy Human Pancreatic Cells:Cytotoxic,Genotoxic and Biochemical Studies

Background and Objective Although drugs are powerful therapeutic agents,they have a range of side effects.These side effects are sometimes cellular and not clinically noticeable.Vildagliptin/metformin hydrochloride is one of the most widely used oral antidiabetic drugs with two active ingredients.In this study,we investigated its harmful effects on the metabolic activation system in healthy human pancreatic cells“hTERT-HPNE”,and we aimed to improve these harmful effects by natural products.To benefit from the healing effect,we used the unique natural products produced by the bees of the Anzer Plateau in the Eastern Black Sea Region of Turkey.Methods Cytotoxic and genotoxic effects of the drug were investigated by different tests,such as MTT,flow cytometry-apoptosis and comet assays.Anzer honey,pollen and propolis were analyzed by gas chromatography/mass spectrometry(G/C-MS).A total of 19 compounds were detected,constituting 99.9%of the samples.Results The decrease in cell viability at all drug concentrations was statistically significant compared to the negative control(P<0.05).A statistically significant decrease was detected in the apoptosis caused by vildagliptin/metformin hydrochloride with the supplementation of Anzer honey,pollen and propolis in hTERT-HPNE cells(P<0.05).Conclusion This study can contribute to other studies testing the healing properties of natural products against the side effects of oral antidiabetics in human cells.In particular,Anzer honey,pollen and propolis can be used as additional foods to maintain cell viability and improve heal damage and can be evaluated against side effects in other drug studies.

Side Effects of Chemotherapy in Cancer Patients and Evaluation of Patients Opinion about Starvation Based Differential Chemotherapy

Side-effects associated with the cancer chemotherapy limit the scope of chemotherapeutic drugs and no data was available about these side effects in Pakistan. Moreover starvation based differential chemotherapy has been proved to greatly reduce the side effects of chemotherapy depending on starvation time. The current study was conducted to survey the common side effects of the chemotherapeutic drugs and the role of starvation to reduce them. The study included total 100 subjects with multiple carcinomas. A comprehensive questionnaire about starvation inquiry, chemotherapy side effects and their basic information was filled by interviewers as told by patients. There were 48% patients with breast cancer and 11% with uterine cancer. Out of these patients 30%, 28%, 9% and 9% patients were agreed to starve for 12, 24, 36 and 48 hours respectively. The survey regarding the side effects of chemotherapy showed that 43% patients were suffering from headache, fatigue 90%, weakness 95%, hair loss 76%, nausea 77%, vomiting 75%, diarrhea 31%, abdominal cramps 40%, mouth sores 47%, dry mouth 74%, memory impairment 14%?and numbness 49%. Breast cancer is the most common cancer in Pakistan. Only 18% of the total patients were agreed to starve for more than one day. Chemotherapy-associated side effects vary greatly and it does not depend upon cancer type. But these side effects depend on multiple factors such as the type and dose of chemotherapeutic drug, patient’s health status and stage of cancer.

Efficacy and side effects of praziquantel in the treatment of Schistosomiasis mansoni in schoolchildren in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet,Southern Ethiopia

Objective:To evaluate the efficacy and side effects of praziquantel(PZQ) in the treatment of schistosomiasis in Ethiopia.Methods:In a cross-sectional study,stool specimens were collected from randomly selected 299 school children in Shesha Kekele Elementary School,Wondo Genet, Southern Ethiopia,in April 2010.Stool specimens were examined using a single Kato-Katz thick smear for Schistosoma mansoni(5.mansoni) ova.Children who were found positive for S.mansoni were treated with a single oral dose of PZQ at 40 mg/kg bw and interviewed for treatment-related symptoms 24 hours after drug administration.Four weeks post-treatment,stool specimens were collected from the same children and examined following the same procedure as in the pretreatment.Drug efficacy was determined based on cure and egg reduction rates.Results:Pretreatment prevalence of S.mansoni infection was 74.9%with geometric mean egg count of 268. The evaluated generic PZQ produced an overall cure rate of 73.6%(P<0.000 1,OR:8.33,CI:5.3-13.1) and egg reduction rate of 68.2%(P=0.03,F=0.64).The cure rate showed significant association with age(x^2=H,P=0.004),the highest rate being observed in the 15-22 age group.83%of S. mansoni infected children showed various treatment-related symptoms,the most frerjiient being headache,nausea,and abdominal pain.These symptoms were associated with age(P<0.001) and pre-treatment intensity of infection(P<0.05).Conclusions:The present observations revealed relatively lower cure and egg reduction rates of the PZQ evaluated as compared to previous reports for other PZQ brands in Ethiopia.Hence,in depth studies are recommended to clarify whether the present relatively lower cure rate is the actual cure rate of the praziquantel evaluated,treatment failure,or reduced susceptibility of the parasite.Treatment-related side effects observed were transient and tolerable.

基于药物基因组学探讨抗精神病药对首发精神分裂症疗效及不良反应的影响

目的:依据药物基因组学结果,探讨抗精神病药对首发精神分裂症患者疗效和药物不良反应的影响。方法:纳入2020年1月至2022年6月淮安市第三人民医院的首发精神分裂症患者,分为研究组和对照组各100例,研究组根据基因检测结果指导用药,对照组依据医师经验用药,分别于治疗前、治疗后4、8、12、16周使用阳性和阴性症状量表(positive and negative syndrome scale,PANSS)、临床疗效总评量表(clinical global impression,CGI)评定疗效,威斯康星卡片分类测验(Wisconsin card classification tests,WCST)及个人和社会功能评估量表(personal and social function assessment scales,PSP)评定认知及社会功能,并在治疗前后和两组之间比较,同时评定药物副反应量表(treatment emergent symptom scale,TESS)及作实验室检查,了解药物不良反应。结果:两组患者治疗后的PANSS总分、CGI、TESS、PSP、WCST等评分均较治疗前显著改善(P<0.05或P<0.001),研究组患者明显好于对照组(P<0.05或P<0.001),治疗后12~16周肝功能损害也轻于对照组,差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05或P<0.001)。血常规等实验室结果两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论:应用基因检测可提高精神分裂症患者药物治疗临床效果,减少不良反应的发生,指导临床合理、精准用药和个体化治疗。

奥法妥木单抗治疗视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病疗效分析

目的探讨奥法妥木单抗治疗视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(NMOSDs)的疗效及安全性。方法纳入2022年4月至2023年3月郑州大学第一附属医院采用奥法妥木单抗治疗方案的25例NMOSDs患者,分为定期给药组(A组,12例)及按CD19+B细胞百分比给药组(B组,13例),计算用药前和用药1年时年化复发率(ARR)、复发例数、复发次数和时间、复发症状,采用扩展残疾状态量表(EDSS)评估神经功能,记录用药期间药物不良反应。结果奥法妥木单抗治疗1年时3例(12%)复发,A组1例患者复发2次,分别为用药后1和5个月;B组2例患者复发,1例复发2次,为用药后2和6个月,1例复发1次,为用药后2个月。两组用药1年时与用药前仅ARR变化幅度差异具有统计学意义(F=29.061,P=0.000),A组用药1年时ARR较用药前下降(t=13.215,P=0.001),B组用药1年时ARR亦较用药前下降(t=19.259,P=0.000)。有8例出现注射部位疼痛、3例注射后发热、1例注射后头痛,其中1例诊断为细菌性脑膜炎;14例感染新型冠状病毒,其中1例因新型冠状病毒感染致肺炎入住重症监护病房;均无残疾、死亡等严重不良反应,EDSS评分均未增加。结论奥法妥木单抗定期给药或依据CD19+B细胞百分比给药均可减少患者复发风险,改善EDSS评分;早期与糖皮质激素联用需警惕感染风险。

ALL患儿诱导缓解期长春新碱联合应用三唑类抗真菌药物发生毒副作用单中心分析

目的研究急性淋巴细胞白血病(ALL)儿童诱导缓解期联合应用长春新碱与三唑类药物出现的毒副作用。方法回顾性分析2010年1月1日—2013年12月31日北京儿童医院诊断为ALL患儿在诱导缓解治疗过程中长春新碱和三唑类药物联合应用出现毒副作用。将患儿分为无联合用药组、长春新碱+伊曲康唑联合组,长春新碱+伏立康唑联合组,长春新碱+氟康唑联合组,分析4组患儿相关毒副作用的发生率及治疗预后。结果共纳入ALL患儿708例,发病中位年龄为8(1~16)岁。存在长春新碱与三唑类抗真菌药物联合应用组共215例,其中联合伊曲康唑组79例,联合伏立康唑组36例,联合氟康唑组100例。无联合用药组493例。联合用药组患儿相关并发症发生率:高血压37例(17.2%),趾端麻木39例(18.1%),腱反射迟钝4例(1.8%),腹痛腹胀42例(19.5%),肠梗阻5例(2.3%),低血钠43例(20%)。联合用药组相关并发症发生率均高于无联合用药物组(P<0.05)。联合用药组中,高血压发生率、腱反射迟钝发生率及低血钠发生率:伊曲康唑组与伏立康唑组无差别(P>0.05),但大于氟康唑组(P<0.05);趾端麻木、腹痛腹胀发生率:伊曲康唑组大于伏立康唑组大于氟康唑组(P<0.05);肠梗阻发生率:伏立康唑组大于伊曲康唑组大于氟康唑组(P<0.05)。对于发生的毒副作用,给予相关的对症处理及调整药物后,相关并发症均可以得到缓解及消失。结论在ALL患儿诱导缓解治疗过程中,三唑类药物联合长春新碱用药可能加重毒副作用发生,伊曲康唑和伏立康唑相比氟康唑可能更容易加重长春新碱毒性,故建议治疗过程中避免同时使用三唑类抗真菌药物及长春新碱。

中西医结合干预对急性白血病化疗患者不良反应的防治效果

目的观察中西医结合措施对急性白血病(AL)患者化疗期间不良反应的干预效果。方法选择2020年1月至2022年12月收治的AL化疗患者80例为研究对象,按照随机数字表法分为2组,对照组40例予西医常规干预措施,治疗组40例在对照组的基础上联合中医综合疗法。比较2组治疗前后便秘症状(包括大便性质评分及排便困难程度)评分、睡眠障碍[采用睡眠状况自评量表(SRSS)进行评价]、癌因性疲乏(采用Piper疲乏量表评分进行评价)、简明生活质量量表(SF-36)(包括生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、社会功能、活力、情感职能、精神健康及总体健康)评分及心理状况[采用焦虑自评量表(SAS)及抑郁自评量表(SDS)评价]变化情况,比较2组治疗期间治疗满意度评分。结果与本组治疗前比较,2组治疗后大便性质评分及排便困难程度评分均降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后大便性质评分及排便困难程度评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,2组治疗后SRSS评分及Piper疲乏量表评分均降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后SRSS评分及Piper疲乏量表评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,2组治疗后SF-36生理功能、生理职能、躯体疼痛、社会功能、活力、情感职能、精神健康及总体健康评分均升高(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后SF-36各项评分均高于对照组(P<0.05)。与本组治疗前比较,2组治疗后SAS评分及SDS评分均降低(P<0.05),且治疗组治疗后SAS评分及SDS评分均低于对照组(P<0.05)。治疗组治疗期间满意度评分(8.19±0.64)分,对照组治疗期间满意度评分(7.36±0.57)分,治疗组满意度评分高于对照组(P<0.05)。结论中西医结合措施可有效改善AL患者化疗期间便秘、睡眠障碍及癌因性疲乏症状,提高其生活质量,缓解焦虑与抑郁状态,提高患者满意度。

药物基因检测对难治性精神分裂症患者治疗预后的影响

目的探讨药物基因组学检测结果应用对难治性精神分裂症患者疗效及药物不良反应的影响。方法选取2020年1月-2022年6月江苏省淮安市第三人民医院收治的100例难治性精神分裂症患者。依据基因检测结果指导用药,分别于治疗前、治疗4、8、12、16周使用阳性阴性症状量表(positive and egative symptom scale,PANSS)、临床疗效总评量表(clinical global impression,CGI)评定临床疗效,威斯康星卡片分类测验及个人和社会功能评估量表(personal and social function assessment scales,PSP)分别评定认知及社会功能改善情况,同时使用药物副反应量表(treatment emergent symptom scale,TESS)及做血常规、肝功能、肾功能和心电图等检查,以了解药物不良反应。结果治疗4周PANSS评分为(59.62±6.29)分,治疗8周PANSS评分为(54.83±7.37)分,治疗12周PANSS评分为(49.34±7.93)分,治疗16周PANSS评分(44.68±8.73)分,均低于治疗前的(62.93±5.55)分(P<0.001);治疗4、8、12和16周的CGI、PSP、威斯康星卡片分类测验等评分均优于治疗前(P<0.001)。治疗16周TESS评定与治疗4周比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.01),但血常规、心电图、脑电图、肝功能和肾功能检查异常与否与治疗前比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论应用基因检测可显著提高难治性精神分裂症患者的临床疗效,且并不增加不良反应,因此基因检测可促进该病的临床合理用药、精准用药和个体化治疗。

奥希替尼在老年非小细胞肺癌患者靶向治疗中的应用效果及对T细胞水平的影响

目的 探讨奥西替尼在老年非小细胞肺癌患者靶向治疗中的效果及对免疫水平的影响。方法 回顾性选择2018年1月至2020年12月老年非小细胞肺癌患者116例研究,根据治疗方法不同分为2组,各58例。对照组采用常规放化疗治疗,观察组在对照组基础上联合奥西替尼治疗,3个月治疗后评估患者效果,比较2组总有效率、T细胞水平(CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD8^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+))、肿瘤标志物水平、不良反应发生率。结果 观察组治疗3个月总有效率为44.8%高于对照组25.9%(P<0.05);2组治疗后3个月CD3^(+)、CD4^(+)、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)水平均低于治疗前(P<0.05);CD8^(+)水平高于治疗前(P<0.05);观察组治疗后3个月CD3^(+)(58.95±4.21)%、CD4^(+)(32.59±3.11)%、CD4^(+)/CD8^(+)(1.21±0.22)高于对照组(P<0.05);CD8^(+)(26.81±3.32)%低于对照组(P<0.05);观察组干预3个月后CA125(91±8)U/ml、CYFRA21-1(1.26±0.24)μg/L及癌胚抗原(CEA)水平(34±5)μg/L均低于对照组(P<0.05);2组不良反应发生率差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 奥西替尼用于老年非小细胞肺癌患者靶向治疗中,能获得较好的总有效率,对患者T细胞水平影响较小,可降低肿瘤标志物水平,未增加不良反应发生率,值得临床推广应用。

腺苷负荷与ATP负荷评估冠状动脉微血管疾病中的不良反应分析

背景 冠状动脉微血管疾病(CMVD)的诊疗一直是非冠状动脉阻塞性缺血性心脏病的重点。腺苷注射液和ATP注射液是目前测定冠状动脉血流储备(CFR)评估CMVD的临床常用负荷药物,两者有所关联,但具有显著区别。ATP是腺苷的前体,其价格低廉且血管扩张机制与腺苷类似,临床上常代替腺苷,但忽视了其潜在的不良反应。目的 比较腺苷负荷与ATP负荷在评估CMVD过程中的不良反应发生率。方法 选取2019年6月—2020年7月因典型心绞痛就诊于陕西省人民医院心内科行冠状动脉造影术/冠状动脉CT血管造影术(CTA)明确各支冠状动脉残余狭窄直径<50%的患者170例,依据随机数字表法分为腺苷组和ATP组,腺苷组88例,ATP组82例。腺苷组给予腺苷注射液负荷测定CFR,ATP组采用ATP负荷测定CFR,检测过程中记录患者的血压、心率、扫描时间及不良反应发生情况。结果 与腺苷组相比,ATP组患者胸闷[61.0%(50/82)和20.4%(18/88)]、头晕[72.0%(59/82)和31.8%(28/88)]、头痛[68.3%(56/82)和11.4%(10/88)]、胃肠道不适[13.4%(11/82)和4.5%(4/88)]、心悸[69.5%(57/82)和5.7%(5/88)]、气促[40.2%(33/82)和2.3%(2/88)]、大汗[28.0%(23/82)和3.4%(3/88)]、潮热[19.5%(16/82)和2.3%(2/88)]、颜面潮红[13.4%(11/82)和4.5%(4/88)]的发生率均较高(P<0.05);两组患者神经过敏、耳鸣、咽干、颈部不适的不良反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论 与ATP负荷相比,腺苷负荷测定CFR的不良反应发生率更低。

老年高危心血管病患者应用依洛尤单抗的有效性及安全性研究

目的探讨老年高危心血管病患者应用依洛尤单抗治疗的有效性和安全性。方法纳入2019年11月至2022年11月在解放军总医院第一、二、六、八医学中心心内科住院的经常规他汀类药物治疗后血脂控制不达标的心血管病高危患者153例,根据患者年龄分为非老年组(<60岁)46例,60~74岁老年组66例,≥75岁老年组41例,均按指南应用依洛尤单抗治疗;选取同期在解放军总医院第一、二、六、八医学中心心内科住院血脂控制不达标的年龄≥75岁心血管病高危未应用依洛尤单抗患者50例为常规治疗组,应用一种他汀类药物联合依折麦布治疗。比较各组患者临床基线资料及用药第4、12周的血液指标和12周内药物不良反应及主要不良心血管事件(MACE)发生情况。结果非老年组、60~74岁老年组和≥75岁老年组用药第4、12周低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)和总胆固醇(TC)水平较基线降低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01);3组用药第12周LDL-C、TC水平比较无显著差异(P>0.05)。非老年组、60~74岁老年组、≥75岁老年组用药12周内不良事件发生率比较无显著差异(2.2%vs 3.0%vs 2.4%,P>0.05)。≥75岁老年组和常规治疗组用药第12周LDL-C、TC水平显著低于基线(P<0.05,P>0.01);≥75岁老年组用药第12周LDL-C水平显著低于常规治疗组[(1.36±0.44)mmol/L vs(1.87±0.56)mmol/L,P<0.01]。≥75岁老年组和常规治疗组用药12周内MACE发生率比较无显著差异(12.2%vs 16.0%,P>0.05),2组生存率比较无显著差异(P=0.576)。结论各年龄组患者应用依洛尤单抗治疗均可在短期内取得良好疗效,75岁以上老年患者应用依洛尤单抗治疗同样具有良好的有效性和安全性。

免疫检查点抑制剂相关抗神经元抗体阳性副肿瘤神经综合征临床特征分析

目的 分析抗神经元抗体阳性免疫检查点抑制剂相关副肿瘤神经综合征(ICI-PNS)的临床特征。方法与结果 纳入2012年1月至2024年3月中国医学科学院北京协和医院诊断与治疗的5例抗神经元抗体阳性ICI-PNS患者,肿瘤类型包括小细胞肺癌(2例)、恶性黑色素瘤(1例)、霍奇金淋巴瘤(1例)、宫颈癌(1例),免疫检查点抑制剂包括程序性死亡蛋白-1抑制剂(3例)、程序性死亡蛋白配体-1抑制剂(1例)、程序性死亡蛋白-1/细胞毒性T细胞相关抗原4双抑制剂(1例)。5例患者均出现副肿瘤神经综合征的高风险表型,其中4例表现为边缘性脑炎,1例表现为快速进展的小脑综合征。血清和(或)脑脊液中检出的抗神经元抗体包括抗Hu、γ-氨基丁酸B型受体、Y染色体性别决定区相关高迁移率组盒蛋白1、代谢型谷氨酸受体5型、Yo抗体。4例神经系统症状出现在应用免疫检查点抑制剂2周内。4例病情达峰时改良Rankin量表评分为3分,1例为5分。5例患者常见不良事件评价标准分级(CTCAE)均为3级。治疗方面,停用免疫检查点抑制剂,给予糖皮质激素联合静脉注射免疫球蛋白治疗,神经系统症状均有改善。结论 中高风险抗神经元抗体是ICI-PNS的诊断标志物,可依据ICI-PNS临床表型及CTCAE分级等综合制定免疫治疗方案,停用免疫检查点抑制剂,应用糖皮质激素、静脉注射免疫球蛋白可以改善患者预后。

德曲妥珠单抗治疗转移性乳腺癌的效果及安全性

目的探讨德曲妥珠单抗二线及以上治疗晚期乳腺癌患者的有效性及安全性。方法选取中国科学技术大学附属第一医院(安徽省立医院)肿瘤化疗科2023年3月至2024年3月收治的采用德曲妥珠单抗治疗的34例人表皮生长因子受体2(HER-2)阳性或低表达晚期乳腺癌患者的临床资料,回顾性分析患者的临床病理特征、客观缓解率、疾病控制率和不良反应发生情况。采用Fisher确切概率法比较组间差异。结果共入组女性34例,中位年龄55.5岁;25例为HER-2阳性,9例为HER-2低表达;治疗线数为2~10线,中位4线,客观缓解率为35.29%(12/34),疾病控制率为58.82%(20/34);其中三线以上及内脏危象的患者较早线和无内脏危象患者疾病控制率下降,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不良反应主要为恶心、乏力、天冬氨酸氨基转移酶升高及骨髓抑制等,其中3级以上不良反应主要为血液学毒性包括白细胞减少、粒细胞缺乏、血小板减少、淋巴细胞减少及腹泻,其余均为1或2级不良反应。结论德曲妥珠单抗在晚期HER-2阳性或低表达乳腺癌中疗效确切,安全性较好,建议早期应用德曲妥珠单抗。

替雷利珠联合化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌手术患者的效果

目的评价替雷利珠单抗在含铂双药化疗治疗的非小细胞肺癌手术患者中的应用效果。方法选取2022年1月—2023年12月收治的100例拟行手术治疗的非小细胞肺癌患者,根据随机数字表法将其分成两组。对照组50例患者在术前给予含铂双药治疗,观察组50例患者在其治疗基础上加用替雷利珠单抗治疗。比较两组临床疗效、无事件及无疾病生存率、生活质量改善情况、不良反应。结果观察组临床疗效(完全缓解率:20.00%vs.10.00%)及病理评估(主要病理学缓解率:46.00%vs.20.00%)优于对照组(Z=3.484,P<0.001;χ^(2)=7.664,P=0.006);Kaplan-Meier生存分析显示,观察组无事件生存率(84.00%vs.60.00%)及无疾病生存率(78.00%vs.60.00%)均高于对照组(χ^(2)=4.298,P=0.038;χ^(2)=4.783,P=0.029);在生活质量改善率方面,观察组(64.00%)较对照组高(42.00%),差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=4.857,P=0.028);两组不良反应发生率(18.00%vs.22.00%)比较,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.250,P=0.617)。结论在含铂双药化疗治疗非小细胞肺癌手术患者中的实施替雷利珠单抗治疗可提高治疗效果,促进生活质量改善,且不会增加不良反应发生风险。

复方磺胺甲噁唑联合伏立康唑致高钾并低钠血症3例报告及分析

目的 探讨复方磺胺甲噁唑(SMZ co)联合伏立康唑致高钾并低钠血症的原因及其处置措施。方法 收集2023年1-2月因重症肺炎入住陕西省人民医院,联合使用了SMZ co与伏立康唑导致高钾并低钠血症的3例病人的临床资料并分析。结果SMZ co联合伏立康唑可增加高钾并低钠血症风险,3例病人血钾最高分别上升至8.1、6.1、5.6 mmol/L,血钠最低分别下降至128、134、122 mmol/L,经口服环硅酸锆钠及补钠治疗后,3例病人血钾分别恢复至4.9、5.1、4.5 mmol/L,血钠恢复至136、135、137 mmol/L。结论 联合使用SMZ co与伏立康唑可导致高钾血症及低钠血症风险增加,原因可能为SMZ co的甲氧苄啶(TMP)成分竞争性抑制远端肾小管和集合管上皮细胞的阿米洛利样敏感钠通道,阻断钠离子(Na+)-氢离子(H+)和Na+-钾离子(K+)交换,抑制钠的吸收,并减少钾的排泄,从而导致低钠及高钾血症;联合用药可能导致血清伏立康唑水平异常升高而增加高钾血症风险。发生药源性高钾血症时及时停药并口服环硅酸锆钠可有效降钾,低钠血症通过口服及静脉补充高渗盐即可纠正。