Why Don’t We Adequately Identify and Manage Adverse Drug Reactions despite Having the Needed Information?

Importance/Objective: Adverse Drug Reactions (ADRs) are unavoidable, but recognizing and addressing ADRs early can improve wellness and prevent permanent injury. We suggest that available medical information and digital/electronic methods could be used to manage this major healthcare problem for individual patients in real time. Methods: We searched the available digital applications and three literature databases using the medical subject heading terms, adverse drug reaction reporting systems or management, filtered by clinical trial or systemic reviews, to detect publications with data about ADR identification and management approaches. We reviewed the reports that had abstract or summary data or proposed or implemented methods or systems with potential to identify or manage ADRs in clinical settings. Results: The vast majority of the 481 reports used retrospectively collected data for groups of patients or were limited to surveying one population group or class of medication. The reports showed potential and definite associations of ADRs for specific drugs and problems, mostly, but not exclusively, for patients in hospitals and nursing homes. No reports described complete methods to collect comprehensive data on ADRs for individual patients in a healthcare system. The digital applications have ADR information, but all are too cumbersome or incomplete for use in active clinical settings. Several studies suggested that providing information about potential ADRs to clinicians can reduce these problems. Conclusion and Relevance: Although investigators and government agencies agree with the need, there is no comprehensive ADR management program in current use. Informing the patient’s healthcare practitioners of potential ADRs at the point of service has the potential for reduction of these complications, which should improve healthcare and reduce unneeded costs.

Study on the Management Effect of Pharmaceutical Care on Adverse Reactions of Traditional Chinese Medicines in Joint Surgery and Neurology

Objective:In general hospitals,pharmaceutical care was carried out to reduce the incidence of adverse drug reactions(ADR),and this effect was significant.It can significantly reduce the incidence of adverse drug reactions and improve the safety of drug therapy.The Joint Surgery Department and the Department of Neurology of Changle County People's Hospital in Shandong province were investigated for the effect of pharmaceutical care on reducing adverse drug reactions.Methods:120 patients were selected from the Department of Joint Surgery and Neurology,Changle County People's Hospital,Shandong Province from May 2015 to May 2020.According to the random table method,the patients were divided into experimental group(60 cases)and control group(60 cases).Control group:routine drug therapy.Experimental group:pharmaceutical care treatment was carried out jointly,and the incidence of adverse reactions was compared between the two groups.Results:The incidence of adverse reactions in experimental group was lower than that in control group.Conclusion:In general hospitals,pharmaceutical care is effective in reducing adverse drug reactions,which can significantly reduce the incidence of adverse drug reactions.At the same time,this improves the safety of drug treatment,which is worthy of clinical promotion.

Research progress on pharmacology and adverse reactions of gastrodin

Gastrodin(4-hydroxymethylphenyl-β-d-glucopyranoside)is an active ingredient with high content,which is isolated from the rhizome of Gastrodia elata.Gastrodin injections,tablets and capsules are currently the main gastrodin-related preparations in clinical practice,and gastrodin injections are the most widely used.This article will summarize pharmacology and adverse reactions of gastrodin to evaluate its safety,effectiveness and quality control.Gastrodin has pharmacological effects on central nervous system(vertigo,headache,insomnia,neurasthenia,convulsions and epilepsy,etc.),cardiovascular system and other diseases(osteoporosis,osteoarthritis and bone injury,etc.),but we still need to pay attention to its clinical adverse reactions(some patients may have dry mouth and nose,dizziness and stomach discomfort).In addition,further research is needed in other fields,such as health products,food,cosmetics,etc.We also need to further develop and explore the new pharmacological effects of gastrodin and expand its medicinal value.

Clinical characteristics of gastrointestinal immune-related adverse events of immune checkpoint inhibitors and their association with survival

BACKGROUND Despite the popularity of immune checkpoint inhibitors(ICIs)in the treatment of advanced cancer,patients often develop gastrointestinal(GI)and non-GI immune-related adverse events(irAEs).The clinical characteristics and survival outcomes of GI-irAEs have not been fully elucidated in previous reports.This necessitates the evaluation of the impact of GI-irAEs on patients receiving ICI treatment.AIM To evaluate the clinical characteristics of GI-irAEs and their impact on survival in patients treated with ICIs.METHODS In this single-center,retrospective,observational study,we reviewed the records of 661 patients who received ICIs for various cancers at Nagoya University Hospital from September 2014 to August 2020.We analyzed the clinical characteristics of patients who received ICI treatment.We also evaluated the correlation between GI-irAE development and prognosis in non-small cell lung cancer(LC)and malignant melanoma(MM).Kaplan-Meier analysis was used to compare the median overall survival(OS).Multivariate Cox proportional hazards models were used to identify prognostic factors.A P value<0.05 was considered statistically significant.RESULTS GI-irAEs occurred in 34 of 605 patients(5.6%)treated with an anti-programmed cell death-1/programmed death-ligand 1(anti-PD-1/PD-L1)antibody alone and in nine of 56 patients(16.1%)treated with an anti-cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4(CTLA-4)antibody alone or a combination of anti-PD-1 and anti-CTLA-4 antibodies.The cumulative incidence and median daily diarrhea frequency were significantly higher in patients receiving anti-CTLA-4 antibodies(P<0.05).In 130 patients with MM,OS was significantly prolonged in the group that continued ICI treatment despite the development of GI-irAEs compared to the group that did not experience GI-irAEs(P=0.035).In contrast,in 209 patients with non-small cell LC,there was no significant difference in OS between the groups.The multivariate analyses showed that a performance status of 2-3(hazard ratio:2.406;95%confidence interval:1.125–5.147;P=0.024)was an independent predictive factor for OS in patients with MM.CONCLUSION Patients receiving anti-CTLA-4 antibodies develop GI-irAEs more frequently and with higher severity than those receiving anti-PD-1/PD-L1 antibodies.Continuing ICI treatment in patients with MM with GI-irAEs have better OS.

Observation of therapeutic effects of point application at Shenque(CV 8)plus moxa-salt hot compress for prevention of gastrointestinal adverse reactions after chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin Iymphoma

Objective:To observe the clinical efficacy of point application with De Huang(Rhizome Rhei Crude)powder at Shenque(CV 8)plus moxa-salt hot compress on the umbilicus for preventing gastrointestinal adverse reactions after chemotherapy for non-Hodgkin lymphoma(NHL).Methods:A total of 60 cases with NHL under chemotherapy were divided into two groups by hospitalization order,with 30 cases in each group.The control group was treated with routine nursing and the observation group was additionally given point application with Da Hueng(Rhizome Rhei Crude)powder plus moxa-salt hot compress on the umbilicus,to compare the effect in preventing gastrointestinal adverse reactions after chemotherapy between the two groups.Results:The occurrence rates of constipation,nausea,vomiting and poor appetite on the second day and fifth day after chemotherapy were obviously lower in the observation group than those in the control group,with statistically significant differences between the two groups(all P〈0.05).Conclusion;The point application with De Hueng(Rhizome Rhei Crude)powder at Shenque(CV 8)plus maxa-salt hot compress on the umbilicus can produce more significant efficacy in preventing the gastrointestinal adverse reactions after chemotherapy for NHL than routine nursing.Moreover,it is simple and easy to be used and popularized.

Remimazolam benzenesulfonate anesthesia effectiveness in cardiac surgery patients under general anesthesia

BACKGROUND Sedation with propofol injections is associated with a risk of addiction,but remimazolam benzenesulfonate is a comparable anesthetic with a short elimination half-life and independence from cell P450 enzyme metabolism.Compared to remimazolam,remimazolam benzenesulfonate has a faster effect,is more quickly metabolized,produces inactive metabolites and has weak drug interactions.Thus,remimazolam benzenesulfonate has good effectiveness and safety for diagnostic and operational sedation.AIM To investigate the clinical value of remimazolam benzenesulfonate in cardiac surgery patients under general anesthesia.METHODS A total of 80 patients who underwent surgery in the Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery from August 2020 to April 2021 were included in the study.Using a random number table,patients were divided into two anesthesia induction groups of 40 patients each:remimazolam(0.3 mg/kg remimazolam benzenesulfonate)and propofol(1.5 mg/kg propofol).Hemodynamic parameters,inflammatory stress response indices,respiratory function indices,perioperative indices and adverse reactions in the two groups were monitored over time for comparison.RESULTS At pre-anesthesia induction,the remimazolam and propofol groups did not differ regarding heart rate,mean arterial pressure,cardiac index or volume per wave index.After endotracheal intubation and when the sternum was cut off,mean arterial pressure and volume per wave index were significantly higher in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group(P<0.05).After endotracheal intubation,the oxygenation index and the respiratory index did not differ between the groups.After endotracheal intubation and when the sternum was cut off,the oxygenation index values were significantly higher in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group(P<0.05).Serum interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-αlevels 12 h after surgery were significantly higher than before surgery in both groups(P<0.05).The observation indices were re-examined 2 h after surgery,and the epinephrine,cortisol and blood glucose levels were significantly higher in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group(P<0.05).The recovery and extubation times were significantly lower in the remimazolam group than in the propofol group(P<0.05);there were significantly fewer adverse reactions in the remimazolam group(10.00%)than in the propofol group(30.00%;P<0.05).CONCLUSION Compared with propofol,remimazolam benzenesulfonate benefited cardiac surgery patients under general anesthesia by reducing hemodynamic fluctuations.Remimazolam benzenesulfonate influenced the surgical stress response and respiratory function,thereby reducing anesthesia-related adverse reactions.

Progress in the Research of Radix Astragali in Treating Chronic Heart Failure:Effective Ingredients,Dose-Effect Relationship and Adverse Reaction

Radix Astragali,a Chinese herbal medicine possessing important cardiovascular pharmacologic effects,is widely applied for the treatment of chronic heart failure（CHF） in clinical practice.This paper summarizes briefly the researches in the last 10 years on its chemical compositions,effective ingredients for improving cardiac function,dose-effect relationship in treating CHF,and adverse reactions that occurred in clinical practice.

Can acupuncture enhance therapeutic effectiveness of antidepressants and reduce adverse drug reactions in patients with depression? A systematic review and meta-analysis

Background: Some depressed patients receive acupuncture as an adjunct to their conventional medications.Objective: This review aims to provide evidence on whether acupuncture can enhance the therapeutic effectiveness of antidepressants for treating depression, and explore whether acupuncture can reduce the adverse reactions associated with antidepressants.Search strategy: English and Chinese databases were searched for randomized controlled trials(RCTs)published until December 1, 2021.Inclusion criteria: RCTs with a modified Jadad scale score ≥ 4 were included if they compared a group of participants with depression that received acupuncture combined with antidepressants with a control group that received antidepressants alone.Data extraction and analysis: Meta-analysis was performed, and statistical heterogeneity was assessed based on Cochran’s Q statistic and its related P-value. Primary outcomes were the reduction in the severity of depression and adverse reactions associated with antidepressants, while secondary outcomes included remission rate, treatment response, social functioning, and change in antidepressant dose.The Grading of Recommendations Assessment, Development and Evaluation(GRADE) framework was used to evaluate the overall quality of evidence in the included studies.Results: This review included 16 studies(with a total of 1958 participants). Most studies were at high risk of performance bias and at low or unclear risk of selection bias, detection bias, attrition bias, reporting bias, and other bias. Analysis of the 16 RCTs showed that, compared with antidepressants alone, acupuncture along with antidepressants reduced the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale-17(HAMD-17) scores(standard mean difference [SMD]-0.44, 95% confidence interval [CI]-0.55 to-0.33, P < 0.01;I^(2)= 14%), Self-rating Depression Scale(SDS) scores(SMD-0.53, 95% CI-0.84 to-0.23, P < 0.01;I^(2)= 79%), and the Side Effect Rating Scale(SERS) scores(SMD-1.11, 95% CI-1.56 to-0.66, P < 0.01;I^(2)= 89%). Compared with antidepressants alone, acupuncture along with antidepressants improved World Health Organization Quality of Life-BREF scores(SMD 0.31, 95% CI 0.18 to 0.44, P < 0.01;I^(2)= 15%), decreased the number of participants who increased their antidepressant dosages(relative risk[RR] 0.32, 95% CI 0.22 to 0.48, P < 0.01;I^(2)= 0%), and resulted in significantly higher remission rates(RR1.52, 95% CI 1.26 to 1.83, P < 0.01;I^(2)= 0%) and treatment responses(RR 1.35, 95% CI 1.24 to 1.47, P < 0.01;I^(2)= 19%) in terms of HAMD-17 scores. The HAMD-17, SDS and SERS scores were assessed as low quality by GRADE and the other indices as being of moderate quality.Conclusion: Acupuncture as an adjunct to antidepressants may enhance the therapeutic effectiveness and reduce the adverse drug reactions in patients receiving antidepressants. These findings must be interpreted with caution, as the evidence was of low or moderate quality and there was a lack of comparative data with a placebo control.Systematic review registration: INPLASY202150008.

Application effect of phloroglucinol injection in elderly patients with spastic abdominal pain in emergency department

BACKGROUND Although norepinephrine injection is commonly used in emergency situations,it is associated with risks for elderly patients with spasmodic liver pain.This study explores the safety and effectiveness of mebendazole injection,an alternative treatment option,for the emergency management of spasmodic abdominal pain,while minimizing adverse reactions,in elderly patients.AIM To explore the development of norepinephrine injection and the adverse reactions of this drug in emergency elderly patients with spasmodic liver pain.METHODS The control group consisted of 56 elderly patients visiting our hospital from January 2021 to December 2021.After hospital admission,the control group was intravenously administered tolopin.The experimental group consisted of 56 emergency patients with spasmodic abdominal pain who visited our hospital until June 2022.After hospital admission,the experimental group was intravenously administered toloxazole.The two groups were treated for 3 d.The disappearance of clinical symptoms was observed before and after the treatment,and the difference in adverse reactions between the two groups was compared.RESULTS The pain of the wife,fire,diarrhea,drowning,and surrounding time disappeared in the experimental group.No statistical difference was observed between the experimental and control groups in visual pain analog scale(VAS)scores before and after the treatment(P>0.05).The VAS scores of abdominal pain severity after 0.5 h,1.0 h,and after 6.0 h of treatment were significantly lower for the experimental group than for the control group.After the treatment,the therapeutic effect in the experimental group was higher and statistically significant than that in the control group(P<0.05).The probability of adverse reactions before the treatment was lower in the experimental group than in the control group.CONCLUSION During emergency,mebendazole injection exhibited a good therapeutic value when used for the clinical treatment of elderly patients with spasmodic stomach pain.It accelerated the disappearance of clinical symptoms such as stomach pain,reduced the stomach weight,and improved clinical activity.Reducing and promoting the frequency of high treatment safety with mebendazole injection is worthwhile.

无痛人工流产术艾司氯胺酮复合丙泊酚与舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚麻醉效果对比

目的:对比艾司氯胺酮复合丙泊酚与舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚在无痛人工流产中的麻醉效果。方法:随机数字表法将2023年2月-2023年10月在本院行无痛人工流产术女性102例分为舒芬太尼组(舒芬太尼0.1μg/kg复合丙泊酚2.0mg/kg,n=51)和艾司氯胺酮组(艾司氯胺酮0.2mg/kg复合丙泊酚2.0mg/kg,n=51)。比较两组不同时点[麻醉诱导前(T0)、给药后1min(T1),给药后3min(T2),意识消失时(T3)、手术开始时(T4)、手术结束时(T5)]血流动力学指标、围手术期指标、苏醒后宫缩疼痛程度、不良反应。结果:艾司氯胺酮组T3、T4、T5时舒张压、收缩压、平均动脉压、心率水平均高于舒芬太尼组,T4时血氧饱和度高于舒芬太尼组,丙泊酚总用量(121.33±12.48mg/kg)、意识消失时间(32.59±3.87s)小于舒芬太尼组(150.49±14.26mg/kg、37.06±4.52s),视觉模拟评分法(VAS)苏醒后15min(2.75±0.36分)、30min(3.15±1.02分)均低于舒芬太尼组(3.69±0.58分、4.48±1.59分),不良反应发生率(13.7%)低于舒芬太尼组(31.4%)(均P<0.05)。结论:无痛人工流产术中,艾司氯胺酮复合丙泊酚具有比舒芬太尼复合丙泊酚更好的麻醉效果,能够有效维持受术女性血流动力学稳定,减少丙泊酚使用剂量,减轻术后宫缩疼痛程度,且不良反应少,安全性高。

艾司氯胺酮与瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚在门诊无痛宫腔镜检查中的应用效果比较

目的比较艾司氯胺酮与瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚在门诊无痛宫腔镜检查中的应用效果。方法选择陕西省人民医院2021年10月至11月自愿接受无痛宫腔镜检查的60例患者作为研究对象,根据随机数字表法将其分为A组和B组,每组30例。A组静脉推注艾司氯胺酮0.5 mg/kg、丙泊酚1.5 mg/kg,B组静脉推注瑞芬太尼0.5μg/kg、丙泊酚1.5 mg/kg。记录两组围术期呼吸抑制、低血压、恶心呕吐、体动反应发生情况;记录两组苏醒时间、丙泊酚使用量及术后10、30 min数字模拟评分法(NRS)评分;比较两组的患者满意度及手术医生满意度评分。结果A组的呼吸抑制、低血压发生率显著低于B组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05);两组的恶心呕吐、体动反应发生率比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。两组的苏醒时间比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);A组的丙泊酚使用量显著少于B组,术后10、30 min的NRS评分显著低于B组,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。两组的患者及手术医生满意度评分比较,差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论相比于瑞芬太尼复合丙泊酚,艾司氯胺酮复合丙泊酚在门诊无痛宫腔镜检查中的麻醉效果满意,术中不良反应少,术后疼痛程度轻,值得临床推广与应用。

Research Progress in the Effect Evaluation of GLP1-1 Agonists

Glucagon-like peptide-1(GLP-1)promotes insulin secretion,inhibits glucagon secretion,and repairs pancreatic islet cell function to enhance islet cell proliferation and regeneration.Furthermore,it includes a mechanism for weight loss and angiocarpy protection.This study covers the comparison of GLP-1 agonists with DPP-4 inhibitors and GLT-2 inhibitors,the mechanism of GLP-1 agonists,and its research possibilities based on a summary of current clinical tests of GLP-1 receptor agonists.

Effect of Comprehensive Nursing on Cervical Cancer Patients

Objective:To explore the effect of comprehensive nxirsing on patients with cervical cancer.Methods:A total of 100 cervical cancer patients,treated in Weihai Central Hospital from May 2020 to May 2021,were included in this study.The patients were cared for by different methods.They were divided into two groups,the control group and the experimental group,in which routine nursing and comprehensive nursing were given,respectively.The effect of the two different nursing methods on the patients were compared and analyzed.Results:After nursing intervention,the incidence of complications and the scores of depression and anxiety of the experimental group were significantly lower compared with the control group,P<0.05.Conclusion:The application of comprehensive nursing among patients with cervical cancer has a positive significance on their recovery.It reduces the incidence of adverse reactions,improve patients5 negative emotions,and improve their satisfaction.

运脾止泻方结合神阙灸治疗小儿泄泻临床效果观察

目的观察运脾止泻方结合神阙灸治疗小儿泄泻临床效果。方法本次合计纳入79例泄泻患儿(2020年7月—2022年10月)进行研究,以随机数字表法分成参照组与观察组,分别为39例、40例,参照组患儿采取基础治疗+蒙脱石散治疗,观察组患儿在参照组治疗基础上联合运脾止泻方及神阙灸治疗,数据观察:患儿临床疗效、止泻时间及腹痛消失时间、大便正常时间、大便质地及大便质量、大便性状评分、治疗前后患儿中医证候(大便稀薄、形体消瘦、面色萎黄、神疲倦怠等)积分变化、C反应蛋白(C-reactive protein,CRP)水平变化、治疗前后患儿肠道菌群(肠球菌、酵母真菌、乳杆菌)变化情况、用药不良反应情况以及患儿家属治疗满意率。结果参照组患儿治疗总有效率为82.05%(32/39),低于观察组患儿97.50%(39/40),P<0.05;与参照组患儿比较,观察组止泻时间及腹痛消失时间、大便正常时间均更短,大便质地及大便质量、大便性状评分均更佳,P均<0.05;两组患儿治疗前中医证候(大便稀薄及形体消瘦、面色萎黄、神疲倦怠等)积分及CRP水平比较,P>0.05,两组患儿治疗后中医证候(大便稀薄及形体消瘦、面色萎黄、神疲倦怠等)积分、CRP水平均改善,治疗后观察组患儿中医证候(大便稀薄及形体消瘦、面色萎黄、神疲倦怠等)积分、CRP水平优于参照组患儿,P<0.05;治疗前各组患儿肠道菌群(肠球菌、酵母真菌、乳杆菌)比较,P>0.05,治疗后各组患儿肠球菌与乳杆菌均显著上升,而酵母真菌均下降,观察组患儿治疗后肠球菌与乳杆菌数量多于参照组,酵母真菌比参照组少,P<0.05;观察组患儿无不良反应(0.00%),参照组出现1例呕吐(2.56%),可自行缓解,P>0.05;观察组患儿家属满意率(97.50%,39/40)显著高于参照组患儿家属满意率(82.05%,32/39),P<0.05。结论运脾止泻方结合神阙灸治疗小儿泄泻临床效果显著,可较好改善患儿肠道菌群情况,从而改善患儿的临床症状,提升治疗效果,治疗安全可靠,患儿家属较为认可,值得应用。

坤泰胶囊结合电针周期疗法治疗卵巢储备功能低下效果观察

目的观察坤泰胶囊结合电针周期疗法治疗卵巢储备功能低下的效果。方法将医院2019年2月—2021年6月收治的109例卵巢储备功能低下患者以随机数字表法分为观察组(55例)与对照组(54例),对照组患者均予以激素周期疗法治疗,观察组患者采取激素周期疗法及坤泰胶囊结合电针周期疗法治疗。各组数据观察:临床疗效、治疗前后中医证候(月经推后或月经量少、闭经、性欲减退、神疲乏力等)积分变化、雌二醇(Estradiol,E2)及卵泡雌激素(Follicle-Stimulating Hormone,FSH)、黄体生成素(luteinizing Hormone,LH)等血清激素水平变化、卵巢间质血流动力学指标变化、卵泡发育情况以及不良反应、治疗后1年受孕率。结果对照组与观察组患者治疗总有效率比较(81.48%vs94.55%)(P<0.05);治疗前,各组患者中医证候(月经推后或月经量少、闭经、性欲减退、神疲乏力等)积分、E2、FSH及LH等血清激素水平、阻力指数(Regular Insulin,RI)及搏动指数(Pulsatility Index,PI)、收缩期最大血流速度(Peak Systolic Veloci⁃ty,PSV)、动脉血流收缩期峰值流速/舒张末期流速(systolic phase diastolic phase,S/D)等卵巢间质血流动力学指标、排卵日子宫内膜厚度、非排卵日子宫内膜厚度及初级卵泡数、优势卵泡数等卵泡发育情况指标比较,P>0.05,经治疗后各组患者中医证候(月经推后或月经量少、闭经、性欲减退、神疲乏力等)积分、E2、FSH及LH等血清激素水平、RI及PI、PSV、S/D等卵巢间质血流动力学指标、排卵日子宫内膜厚度、非排卵日子宫内膜厚度及初级卵泡数、优势卵泡数等卵泡发育情况指标均改善,观察组患者治疗后中医证候(月经推后或月经量少、闭经、性欲减退、神疲乏力等)积分、E2、FSH及LH等血清激素水平、RI及PI、PSV、S/D等卵巢间质血流动力学指标、排卵日子宫内膜厚度、非排卵日子宫内膜厚度及初级卵泡数、优势卵泡数等卵泡发育情况指标均优于对照组(P<0.05);观察组治疗不良反应率与对照组不良反应率均较低(P>0.05);观察组治疗1年后受孕率(47.27%,26/55)高于对照组患者(25.93%,14/54)(P<0.05)。结论坤泰胶囊结合电针周期疗法治疗卵巢储备功能低下的效果较为显著,患者症状恢复较好,且卵巢功能恢复好,患者未来1年受孕率高,且不良反应较少,安全可靠,值得进行应用。

蒲元和胃胶囊联合雷贝拉唑治疗反流性食管炎的临床评价

目的 观察蒲元和胃胶囊联合雷贝拉唑治疗反流性食管炎的作用。方法 纳入河南大学第一附属医院胸外科2022年6月至2024年1月收治的102例反流性食管炎患者,以随机数字表法分成观察组(51例)与对照组(51例),给予对照组患者雷贝拉唑治疗,给予观察组患者蒲元和胃胶囊联合雷贝拉唑治疗,对比2组临床疗效、上腹痛、反酸与嗳气症状缓解时间、治疗前后反流性疾病问卷(RDQ)评分及胃动素、胃泌素水平以及不良反应情况。结果 观察组总有效率(96.08%)比对照组(84.31%)更高(χ^(2)=3.991,P<0.05);观察组患者的上腹痛、反酸与嗳气症状缓解时间分别为(6.15±0.52) d、(5.80±0.52) d、(5.52±0.38) d,均分别短于对照组患者(8.44±0.73) d、(7.38±0.66) d、(6.72±0.82) d,t=18.247、13.429、9.482,P<0.001;观察组患者治疗后症状发作频率评分为(3.99±0.52)分,症状发作程度评分为(5.48±0.69)分,均短于对照组治疗后评分(6.24±0.67)分、(7.42±0.72)分,t=18.946、13.893,P<0.001;观察组患者治疗后胃动素、胃泌素水平分别为(331.29±4.92) ng·L^(-1)、(178.54±4.37) pg·m L^(-1),均高于对照组(299.54±5.23) ng·L^(-1)、(143.25±4.92) pg·m L^(-1),t=31.577,P<0.001;观察组(3.92%)与对照组不良反应率(5.88%)差异无统计学意义,χ^(2)=0.210,P>0.05。结论 蒲元和胃胶囊结合雷贝拉唑治疗反流性食管炎效果良好,患者症状缓解快,胃肠功能恢复良好,治疗不良反应较少,值得应用。

奥法妥木单抗治疗视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病疗效分析

目的探讨奥法妥木单抗治疗视神经脊髓炎谱系疾病(NMOSDs)的疗效及安全性。方法纳入2022年4月至2023年3月郑州大学第一附属医院采用奥法妥木单抗治疗方案的25例NMOSDs患者,分为定期给药组(A组,12例)及按CD19+B细胞百分比给药组(B组,13例),计算用药前和用药1年时年化复发率(ARR)、复发例数、复发次数和时间、复发症状,采用扩展残疾状态量表(EDSS)评估神经功能,记录用药期间药物不良反应。结果奥法妥木单抗治疗1年时3例(12%)复发,A组1例患者复发2次,分别为用药后1和5个月;B组2例患者复发,1例复发2次,为用药后2和6个月,1例复发1次,为用药后2个月。两组用药1年时与用药前仅ARR变化幅度差异具有统计学意义(F=29.061,P=0.000),A组用药1年时ARR较用药前下降(t=13.215,P=0.001),B组用药1年时ARR亦较用药前下降(t=19.259,P=0.000)。有8例出现注射部位疼痛、3例注射后发热、1例注射后头痛,其中1例诊断为细菌性脑膜炎;14例感染新型冠状病毒,其中1例因新型冠状病毒感染致肺炎入住重症监护病房;均无残疾、死亡等严重不良反应,EDSS评分均未增加。结论奥法妥木单抗定期给药或依据CD19+B细胞百分比给药均可减少患者复发风险,改善EDSS评分;早期与糖皮质激素联用需警惕感染风险。

醋酸戈舍瑞林缓释植入剂联合米非司酮治疗子宫肌瘤的临床效果及不良反应分析

目的分析子宫肌瘤采取米非司酮与醋酸戈舍瑞林缓释植入剂联合治疗的效果、不良反应。方法80例子宫肌瘤患者,依据随机数字表法分为对照组与研究组,每组40例。对照组利用醋酸戈舍瑞林缓释植入剂实施治疗,研究组利用醋酸戈舍瑞林缓释植入剂和米非司酮联合治疗。对比两组患者的临床疗效、血液流变学指标(血浆比粘度、红细胞聚集指数、纤维蛋白原)、性激素指标[黄体生成素(LH)、雌二醇(E2)、卵泡刺激素(FSH)]、子宫肌瘤体积及不良反应发生情况。结果研究组患者治疗总有效率95.00%比对照组的80.00%高,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组患者的血浆比粘度(0.89±0.20)、纤维蛋白原(2.13±0.34)g/L、红细胞聚集指数(48.78±6.99)%比对照组的(1.65±0.30)、(3.97±0.64)g/L、(64.12±7.34)%低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组患者的LH(10.64±2.96)U/L、E2(138.78±18.32)pmol/L、FSH(11.97±2.86)U/L比对照组的(13.52±2.81)U/L、(200.23±36.56)pmol/L、(17.15±4.33)U/L低,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组患者子宫肌瘤体积(5.24±1.01)cm3比对照组的(11.63±1.78)cm3小,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,研究组不良反应发生率为15.00%,对照组不良反应发生率为7.50%,两组对比差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。结论子宫肌瘤采取米非司酮与醋酸戈舍瑞林缓释植入剂联合治疗效果较好,能对患者的血液流变学水平进行改善,对其性激素指标进行调节,使患者子宫肌瘤的体积有效缩小,促进其早日康复,具有一定的临床应用与研究价值。

60例小儿急性感染性喉炎治疗效果临床回顾性分析

目的分析小儿急性感染性喉炎行布地奈德雾化吸入治疗方案的有效性与可行性。方法回顾性分析60例急性感染性喉炎患儿的临床资料,根据雾化治疗方案的不同分为观察组与对照组,每组30例。观察组予布地奈德雾化吸入治疗,对照组予地塞米松雾化吸入治疗。比较两组患儿的临床治疗效果、临床症状持续时间、药物不良反应发生率以及治疗前后的炎症指标。结果观察组临床治疗总有效率93.33%(28/30)显著高于对照组的73.33%(22/30),差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组患儿的喉鸣、犬吠样咳嗽、呼吸困难、声音嘶哑、发热持续时间分别为(3.77±1.21)、(3.28±1.06)、(1.78±0.57)、(4.36±0.56)、(1.48±0.48)d,均短于对照组的(4.65±1.26)、(4.77±1.21)、(2.91±0.99)、(5.45±0.49)、(2.56±0.78)d,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后,两组患儿的超敏C反应蛋白(hs-CRP)水平均较治疗前明显降低,且观察组患儿的hs-CRP水平(7.86±2.13)mg/L低于对照组的(12.67±2.75)mg/L,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。观察组用药不良反应发生率6.67%低于对照组的26.67%,差异具有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论小儿急性感染性喉炎行布地奈德雾化吸入治疗方案的效果理想,可更为显著地改善患儿的临床症状,缩短临床症状持续时间,同时其安全性较高,具有重要临床应用价值。

含贝达喹啉全口服短程化疗治疗耐多药肺结核疗效及安全性观察临床研究

目的:探讨含贝达喹啉全口服短程化疗治疗耐多药肺结核患者的疗效及安全性。方法:选择100例耐多药肺结核患者,以随机数字表法将其分为对照组(WHO长疗程方案)50例和观察组(含贝达喹啉全口服短程方案)50例。比较两组患者痰培养阴转率、治愈率,并行胸部CT检查,观察病灶及空洞变化,并记录不良反应率发生情况。结果:观察组24周阴转率为84.00%(41/50)高于对照组74.00%(27/50),观察组36周时病灶吸收及空洞改善好于对照组(P<0.05)。观察组终点治愈率76.00%(38/50)高于对照组治愈率52.00%(26/50)(P<0.05)。对照组治疗过程中共出现不良反应84例次,观察组共出现不良反应69例次,两组不良反应发生情况比较,差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。结论:含贝达喹啉全口服短程化疗方案治疗耐多药肺结核疗程短、治愈率高、安全性良好。