Metalizing reduction and magnetic separation of vanadium titano-magnetite based on hot briquetting

To achieve high efficiency utilization of Panzhihua vanadium titano-magnetite, a new process of metalizing reduction and magnetic separation based on hot briquetting is proposed, and factors that affect the cold strength of the hot-briquetting products and the efficiency of reduction and magnetic separation are successively investigated through laboratory experiments. The relevant mechanisms are elucidated on the basis of microstructural observations. Experimental results show that the optimal process parameters for hot briquetting include a hot briquetting temperature of 475°C, a carbon ratio of 1.2, ore and coal particle sizes of less than 74 μm. Additionally, with respect to metalizing reduction and magnetic separation, the rational parameters include a magnetic field intensity of 50 mT, a reduction temperature of 1350°C, a reduction time of 60 min, and a carbon ratio of 1.2. Under these above conditions, the crushing strength of the hot-briquetting agglomerates is 1480 N, and the recovery ratios of iron, vanadium, and titanium are as high as 91.19%, 61.82%, and 85.31%, respectively. The new process of metalizing reduction and magnetic separation based on hot briquetting demonstrates the evident technological advantages of high efficiency separation of iron from other valuable elements in the vanadium titano-magnetite.

Three-liquid-phase extraction and separation of V(V) and Cr(VI) from acidic leach solutions of high-chromium vanadium–titanium magnetite

A new method by liquid-liquid-liquid three phase system, consisting of acidified primary amine N1923 （abbreviated as A-N1923）, poly（ethylene glycol） （PEG） and （NH4）2S04 aqueous solution, was suggested for the separation and simultaneous extraction of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） from the acidic leach solutions of high- chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite. Experimental results indicated that Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） could be selectively enriched into the A-N1923 organic top phase and PEG-rich middle phase, respectively, while AI（Ⅲ） and other co-existing impurity ions, such as Si（Ⅳ）, Fe（Ⅲ）, Ti（Ⅳ）, Mg（Ⅱ） and Ca（Ⅱ） in acidic leach solutions, could be enriched in the （NH4）2SO4 bottom aqueous phase. During the process for extraction and separation of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ）, almost all of impurity ions could be removed. The separation factors between Ⅴ （Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） could reach 630 and 908, respectively in the organic top phase and PEG middle phase, and yields of recovered Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） in the top phase and middle phase respectively were all above 90%. Various effects including aqueous pH, A-N1923 concentration, PEG added amount and （NH4）2SO4 concentration on three-phase partitioning of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） were discussed. It was found that the partition of Cr（Ⅵ） into the PEG-rich middle phase was driven by hydrophobic interaction, while extraction of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） by A-N1923 resulted of anion exchange between NO; and H2V10O4-28. Stripping of Ⅴ（Ⅴ） and Cr（Ⅵ） from the top organic phase and the middle PEG-rich phase were achieved by mixing respectively with NANO3 aqueous solutions and NaOH-（NH4）2SO4 solutions. The present work highlights a new approach for the extraction and purification of V and Cr from the complex multi-metal co-existing acidic leach solutions of high-chromium vanadium-titanium magnetite.

Effect of magnetic pulse pretreatment on grindability of a magnetite ore and its implication on magnetic separation

The pulsed power is a potential means for energy saving and presents an alternative to the conventional mechanical communication for minerals.The effect of magnetic pulse treatment on grindability of a magnetite ore was investigated by grindability tests.The results of the investigation show that the pulsed treatment has little effect on the particle size distribution of the magnetite ore.Significant micro-cracks or fractures are not found by SEM analysis in magnetic pulse treated sample.Magnetic separation of magnetic pulse treated and untreated magnetite ore indicates that iron recovery increases from 81.3% in the untreated sample to 87.7% in the magnetic pulse treated sample,and the corresponding iron grade increases from 42.1% to 44.4%.The results demonstrate that the magnetic pulse treatment does not significantly weaken the mineral grain boundaries or facilitate the liberation of minerals,but is beneficial to magnetic separation.

Enhancement of pentlandite surface magnetism and implications for its separation from serpentine via magnetic separation

The magnetism of pentlandite surface was enhanced through the selective precipitation of micro-fine magnetite fractions on pentlandite surfaces. This was achieved through adjustment of slurry pH and addition of surfactants. The results showed that at pH 8.8 with the addition of 100 g/t sodium hexametaphosphate, 4.5 L/t oleic acid, and 4.5 L/t kerosene, significant amount of fine magnetite particles adhered to the pentlandite surface, while trace amount of coating was found on serpentine surfaces. Thus, the magnetism of pentlandite was enhanced and pentlandite was well separated from serpentine by magnetic separation under the magnetic field intensity of 200 kA/m. Scanning electron microscopy （SEM） and zeta potential measurement were performed to characterize changes of mineral surface properties. Calculations of the extended Derjaguin-Landau-Verwey-Ocerbeek （EDLVO） theory indicated that, in the presence of surfactants the total interaction energy between magnetite and pentlandite became stronger than that between magnetite and serpentine. This enabled the selective adhesion of magnetite particles to pentlandite surfaces, thereby enhancing its magnetism.

Recovery of iron from waste ferrous sulphate by co-precipitation and magnetic separation

Magnetite concentrate was recovered from ferrous sulphate by co-precipitation and magnetic separation. In co-precipitation process, the effects of reaction conditions on iron recovery were studied, and the optimal reaction parameters are proposed as follows： n（CaO）/n（Fe2＋） 1.4：1, reaction temperature 80 ℃, ferrous ion concentration 0.4 mol/L, and the final mole ratio of Fe3＋ to FJ＋ in the reaction solution 1.9-2.1. In magnetic separation process, the effects of milling time and magnetic induction intensity on iron recovery were investigated. Wet milling played an important part in breaking the encapsulated magnetic phases. The results showed that the mixed product was wet-milled for 20 min before magnetic separation, the grade and recovery rate of iron in magnetite concentrate were increased from 51.41% and 84.15% to 62.05% and 85.35%, respectively.

Effect of reverse flotation on magnetic separation concentrates

Reverse flotation studies on magnetite samples have revealed that the use of starch as a depressant of Fe-oxides has a hydrophilic effect on the surface of Fe-bearing silicates and significantly decreases Fe in the silica-rich stream when used in combination with an amine （Lilaflot D817M）. In this study, the effect of reverse flotation on the optimization of products obtained fi＇om magnetic separation was inves- tigated. Two different magnetic samples, zones 1 and 2, were milled to 〈75 btm and then subjected to low intensity magnetic separation （LIMS）. The LIMS test conducted on the 〈75 ~m shown an upgrade of 46.40wt% Fe, 28.40wt% SiO2 and 2.61wt% MnO for zone 1 and 47.60wt% Fe, 29.17wt% SiO2 and 0.50wt% MnO for zone 2. Further milling of the ore to 〈25 ~tm resulted in a higher magnetic-rich product after magnetic separation. Reverse flotation tests were conducted on the agitated magnetic concentrate feed, and the result shows a significant upgrade of Fe compared to that obtained from the non-agitated feed. Iron concentrations greater than 69%, and SiO2 concentrations less than 2% with overall magnetite recoveries greater than 67% and 71% were obtained for zones 1 and 2, respectively.

Separation of hematite from banded hematite jasper(BHJ) by magnetic coating

The separation of iron oxide from banded hematite jasper(BHJ) assaying 47.8% Fe, 25.6% Si O2 and 2.30%Al2O3 using selective magnetic coating was studied. Characterization studies of the low grade ore indicate that besides hematite and goethite,jasper, a microcrystalline form of quartzite, is the major impurity associated with this ore. Beneficiation by conventional magnetic separation technique could yield a magnetic concentrate containing 60.8% Fe with 51% Fe recovery. In order to enhance the recovery of the iron oxide minerals, fine magnetite, colloidal magnetite and oleate colloidal magnetite were used as the coating material. When subjected to magnetic separation, the coated ore produces an iron concentrate containing 60.2% Fe with an enhanced recovery of56%. The AFM studies indicate that the coagulation of hematite particles with the oleate colloidal magnetite facilitates the higher recovery of iron particles from the low grade BHJ iron ore under appropriate conditions.

Influence of microwave treatment on grinding and dissociation characteristics of vanadium titano-magnetite

The effect of microwave treatment on the grinding and dissociation characteristics of vanadium titano-magnetite(VTM) ore were investigated using scanning electron microscopy(SEM), nitrogen absorption measurements, particle size distribution measurements, X-ray diffraction(XRD) analysis, Fourier transform infrared(FT-IR) spectroscopic analysis, and magnetic separation. SEM analysis showed that microfractures appeared in the microwave-treated VTM, which is attributed to the microwaves' selective heating characteristic and the differential expansion between minerals and gangues. Nitrogen absorption showed that the microfractures were more pronounced when the microwave heating time was increased. Particle size distribution analysis showed that microwave treatment could improve the grindability of the VTM, thus increasing the weight percent of the fine-ground product. The increase in grindability was more significant with prolonged heating time. Moreover, the particle size distribution of the fine-ground product changed only slightly after the microwave treatment. XRD analysis showed that the crystallinity of the microwave-treated VTM increased with increasing microwave heating time. The magnetic separation tests revealed that the separation efficiency increased as a result of the intergranular fractures generated by microwave treatment. The Fe grade of the magnetic fraction of microwave-treated VTM was 1.72% higher than that of the raw ore. We concluded that the microwave treatment was beneficial, especially for the mineral processing characteristics.

Magnetic separation studies for a low grade siliceous iron ore sample

Investigations were carried out, on a low grade siliceous iron ore sample by magnetic separation, to establish its amenability for physical beneficiation. Mineralogical studies revealed that the sample consists of magnetite, hematite and goethite as major opaque oxide minerals where as silicates as well as carbonates form the gangue minerals in the sample. Processes involving combination of classification, dry magnetic separation and wet magnetic separation were carried out to upgrade the low grade siliceous iron ore sample to make it suitable as a marketable product. The sample was first ground and each closed size sieve fractions were subjected to dry magnetic separation and it was observed that limited upgradation is possible. The ground sample was subjected to different finer sizes and separated by wet low intensity magnetic separator. It was possible to obtain a magnetic concentrate of 67% Fe by recovering 90% of iron values at below 200 lm size.

Effect of purification pretreatment on the recovery of magnetite from waste ferrous sulfate

The present study was conducted to elucidate the influence of impurities in waste ferrous sulfate on its recovery of magnetite. Ferrous sulfate solution was purified by the addition of Na OH solution to precipitate impurities, and magnetite was recovered from ferrous sulfate solution without and with purification pretreatment. Calcium hydroxide was added to the solution of ferrous sulfate as a precipitator. A mixed product of magnetite and gypsum was subsequently obtained by air oxidation and heating. Wet-milling was performed prior to magnetic separation to recover magnetite from the mixed products. The results show that with the purification pretreatment, the grade of iron in magnetite concentrate increased from 62.05% to 65.58% and the recovery rate of iron decreased from 85.35% to 80.35%. The purification pretreatment reduced the conglutination between magnetite and gypsum, which favors their subsequent magnetic separation. In summary, a higher-grade magnetite with a better crystallinity and a larger particle size of 2.35 μm was obtained with the purification pretreatment.

南芬选矿厂北山矿石选矿工艺试验

为配合南芬铁矿绿色矿山选矿提效及高效利用北山原矿石,在工艺矿物学研究的基础上,对北山矿石进行了选矿工艺流程试验。试验结果表明:采用辊磨前干抛—高压辊磨—辊磨产品湿式抛尾—阶段磨矿—弱磁选工艺,干抛和湿抛可提前抛除合计产率23.26%的尾矿,大幅降低了后续入磨矿量,提升了入磨矿样铁品位,最终获得的铁精矿产率为30.77%,TFe和mFe含量分别为68.17%和60.22%,TFe和mFe回收率分别为66.63%和98.16%。

罗河铁矿精确化磨矿试验研究

罗河铁矿为提高一段磨矿能力,针对其溢流细度不足的问题,以一段入磨产品为研究对象,进行了精确化磨矿试验研究。试验结果表明:采用球径ϕ40 mm、ϕ30 mm、ϕ20 mm配比为40%∶50%∶10%,混合球径平均33 mm的精确化磨矿装球制度,与现场一段溢流相比,闭路试验获得的产品欠磨粒级铁分布率由37.81%降低至20.78%,合格粒级铁分布率由42.32%提升至59.89%,过磨粒级铁分布率由19.87%降低至19.33%;磁选试验获得的精矿产品铁回收率为89.92%,均大于采用偏大球装球制度和偏小球装球制度获得的铁回收率;精确化磨矿制度可以改善磨矿产品的粒度分布特性,提高磨矿产品的选别指标。

某磁铁矿选矿工艺试验研究

对某磁铁矿进行工艺矿物学研究,查明了矿石的矿物组成、化学组成、嵌布特征等。结果表明:该磁铁矿主要元素为TFe、Si、Ca、Al、Mg、K、Na等,矿石中主要回收元素TFe含量为43.82%,杂质元素Si含量为11.53%,Ca含量为5.65%,Mg含量为2.01%,有害元素S含量为2.36%,P元素为0.04%;该矿石中主要含铁矿物为磁铁矿和黄铁矿。脉石矿物主要为透辉石、黑云母、钙长石和铁橄榄石;次要矿物为方解石、钾长石、绿泥石、普通辉石、钙铁橄榄石、硅灰石、黄铜矿、磁黄铁矿、白钨矿等;磁铁矿为主要的目的矿物,绝大多数属于单体解离形式,一小部分磁铁矿内部包裹无定形的透辉石,另一部分磁铁矿与钙长石相互连生,少量磁铁矿与透辉石呈相互共生关系。针对该矿石特点,采用“一段阶段磨矿—粗选—二段阶段磨矿—二次精选”的工艺流程,可获得弱磁铁精矿产率56.27%,TFe品位68.43%,mFe品位67.31%,TFe回收率91.41%,mFe回收率98.51%的精矿产品指标;总尾矿产率43.73%,TFe品位8.56%,TFe分布率8.86%的抛尾指标。该工艺流程对该磁铁矿具有一定的适应性,能得到良好的选矿指标,具有较好的应用和推广前景。

河北某普通磁铁矿制备超纯铁精矿试验研究

河北某普通磁铁矿TFe品位为65.25%,矿石性质结构简单,具有制备超纯铁精矿的潜力。研究采用多元素及X射线衍射图、物相分析等方法对原矿进行了工艺矿物学研究,并在此基础上对其进行了提纯试验。结果表明,原矿经过弱磁选粗选后,在磨矿细度-0.038 mm占85%的条件下经弱磁选再选、磁选柱精选得到TFe品位为71.31%的磁选柱精矿以及TFe品位68.12%、产率为3.32%的磁选柱铁尾矿。通过进一步考察药剂制度和工艺流程对铁矿精矿品位、回收率等选别指标的影响,确定了合适的药剂制度。而后磁选柱精矿经1粗3精反浮选降硅工艺试验流程,最终可获得含TFe品位71.95%、综合回收率为80.50%的超纯铁精矿,浮选尾矿TFe品位68.17%符合普通铁精矿标准。通过对选别产品进行试样化学成分分析及残余药剂测定,进一步证明该工艺流程可以实现超纯铁精矿的制备。该工艺在抛尾率为10.79%条件下,将原矿样的73.04%转化为超纯铁精矿,对这一地区超纯铁精矿的制备具有重要的指导意义,也为国内其他地区磁铁矿制备超纯铁精矿的研究提供了一定的参考价值。

稠密气固分选流化床介质颗粒团聚特性研究

为掌握介质颗粒的团聚特性,给形成均匀稳定的流化床层提供指导,分析了不同水分含量下0~300μm介质颗粒流化后的表观黏度,并研究了煤炭外水含量、介质粒度对颗粒团聚特性的影响。结果表明,水分含量越高、颗粒粒度越细,颗粒表观黏度越大;随着剪切速率的增加,颗粒表观黏度逐渐下降。随着水分含量升高,各粒级颗粒团聚过程相似,粒级0~74μm、74~150μm、150~300μm颗粒形成稳定聚团所需水分含量分别为0.75%、1.0%、1.25%,即粒度越细所需水分含量越低。水分含量越高,聚团尺寸越大;粒度越小,聚团的尺寸分布跨度越宽。随着水分含量升高,煤粉混合后的二元加重质颗粒聚团尺寸在水分含量1.75%时明显增大,聚团尺寸分布跨度窄,表明二元加重质颗粒聚团对水分变化敏感度较低。

某低品位钒钛磁铁矿钛资源回收利用技术研究及应用

某低品位钒钛磁铁矿为综合回收其粗粒磁选尾矿中的钛资源,在矿石性质研究的基础上,进行了钛回收工艺试验研究。试验结果表明:原矿通过分级—一段强磁选—磨矿弱磁除铁—二段强磁选—浮选工艺可得到TiO_(2)品位47.26%、TiO_(2)回收率19.34%的钛精矿,选别指标较好;工业应用结果表明,一段强磁精矿回收量为290 550 t,TiO_(2)平均品位为11.31%,高于选矿车间选钛入选原料质量要求,每年可增加利润3 146万元,经济效益和社会效益显著。

西北某贫磁铁矿高效分选工艺试验

为了高效开发利用西北某贫磁铁矿石资源,在详细的矿石性质研究的基础上,进行了选矿工艺试验。试验结果表明:原矿经常规破碎—干式磁选预选—预选精矿高压辊磨(-3 mm)—湿式磁选预选—预选精矿阶段湿式磨矿—阶段湿式磁选工艺,可获得产率13.95%、全铁品位65.58%、全铁回收率60.32%、磁性铁回收率96.35%的铁精矿,较好地实现了铁矿物的回收,可为开发利用该铁矿石资源提供技术参考依据。

眼前山磁铁矿石选别试验研究

为促进眼前山铁矿的合理开发利用,以该地区矿石为研究对象在工艺矿物学分析的基础上进行了选别试验研究。结果表明:矿石含铁矿物以磁铁矿为主,主要脉石矿物为石英,并存在绿泥石、角闪石等易泥化矿物。采用阶段磨矿阶段选别工艺进行分选,各段工艺参数分别为一段-2 mm下进行磁选,磁选场强为279 kA/m;一段磨矿细度为-75μm含量80%,磁选场强为159 kA/m;二段磨矿细度为-45μm占90%,磁选场强为95 kA/m,最终可获得铁品位66.50%、铁回收率95.90%的磁选精矿。研究结果为该地区铁矿资源的开发利用提供了参考依据。

深源矿致异常提取方法对比及应用:以山东齐河-禹城地区航磁数据为例

深部磁铁矿体的埋深较大,且目标矿体和成矿岩体产生的磁异常往往相互耦合、干扰,加之航磁测量的观测面高,导致深源矿致航磁异常的信号一般较弱。因此,难以从原始航磁异常图中直接圈定深部磁铁矿靶区。位场分离技术是提取矿致异常的有效途径,但位场分离方法众多,且使用便捷性、提取效果存在差异,筛选适用于深部磁铁矿的矿致异常提取方法以及讨论相关参数调节方法具有较大的理论和实用价值。本文对比研究了6种常用的位场分离方法,分析了各方法参数调节的便捷性和有效性。通过模型试验,从全区和靶区两个尺度对比了各方法对矿致异常的提取效果。山东齐河—禹城厚覆盖区的深部赋存接触交代成因的磁铁矿床,是深部矿产的典型代表,本文根据该区地质模型建立理论磁性模型,验证了深部矿致异常提取的可行性。实测数据处理部分,提出基于标志剖面交互调节相关参数以及验证矿致异常提取效果,最终提取的矿致异常结果与已知的钻孔见矿信息匹配,表明该结果与实际的矿致异常相关性较高,可为后续矿体靶区圈定和钻孔位置布设提供参考。

磁选柱阶段弱磁选磁场模拟及受力特性分析

为预先分离超纯铁精矿和合格尾矿,通过数值模拟对磁选柱阶段弱磁选磁场进行优化设计并进行分选研究,通过受力特性分析验证分选合理性。结果表明,中心磁感应强度模拟值与理论值、实测值误差分别为1.40%~0.29%、1.64%~0.09%。为精确分离精矿和混合中矿,精选磁场电流选取2 A,径向磁场力(HgradH)最大(最小)为3.11×10^(8)A^(2)/m^(3)(7.57×10^(7)A^(2)/m^(3))、轴向磁场力最大(最小)为3.19×10^(8)A^(2)/m^(3)(5.61×10^(8)A^(2)/m^(3))。为精确分离中矿及尾矿,恒定磁场及扫选磁场选取4 A、最小径向(轴向)磁场力分别为1.54×10^(9)A^(2)/m^(3)(1.44×10^(10)A^(2)/m^(3))、3.30×10^(8)A^(2)/m^(3)(1.39×10^(10)A^(2)/m^(3))。通过分析颗粒受力,确定分离精矿(TFe品位为70.09%)、中矿(TFe品位为63.23%)和尾矿(TFe品位为9.40%)所需径向(轴向)方向磁场力控制在1.87×10^(7)~3.13×10^(8)A^(2)/m^(3)(2.86×10^(8)~6.18×10^(8)A^(2)/m^(3))、3.13×10^(8)~3.33×10^(9)A^(2)/m^(3)(6.18×10^(8)~1.44×10^(10)A^(2)/m^(3))。优化后的磁选柱阶段弱磁选流程理论上达到磁铁矿单体、连生体、脉石同步分离的目的,有效提高了磁铁矿的分选效率,为磁铁矿石的高效分选提供新的技术途径。