BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a common health problem worldwide and there is still a lack of effective medicines.The Chinese herbal medicine,Gan Shen Fu Fang(GSFF)is composed of salvianolic acid B and diammonium glycyr...BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a common health problem worldwide and there is still a lack of effective medicines.The Chinese herbal medicine,Gan Shen Fu Fang(GSFF)is composed of salvianolic acid B and diammonium glycyrrhizinate.In this study,we observed the effects of GSFF on liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro in an attempt to provide some hope for the treatment.AIM To observe the effects of GSFF on liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro and investigate the mechanism from the perspective of the inflammatory response and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)phosphorylation.METHODS Common bile duct-ligated rats were used for in vivo experiments.Hepatic stellate cells-T6(HSC-T6)cells were used for in vitro experiments.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining,biochemical assays,hydroxyproline(Hyp)assays,enzyme-linked immunoasorbent assay and western blotting were performed to evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis,liver function,the inflammatory response and ERK phosphorylation.The CCK8 assay,immunofluorescence and western blotting were applied to test the effect of GSFF on HSC-T6 cell activation and determine whether GSFF had an effect on ERK phosphorylation in HSC-T6 cells.RESULTS GSFF improved liver function and inhibited liver fibrosis in common bile ductligated rats after 3 wk of treatment,as demonstrated by histological changes,hydroxyproline assays and collagen I concentrations.GSFF alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration and reduced the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines[tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interlukin-1β]and NF-κB.In addition,GSFF decreased ERK phosphorylation.In vitro,GSFF inhibited the viability of HSC-T6 cells with and without transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1)stimulation and decreased the synthesis of collagen I.GSFF had the greatest effect at a concentration of 0.5μmol/L.GSFF inhibited the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),a marker of HSC activation,in HSC-T6 cells.Consistent with the in vivo results,GSFF also inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and downregulated the expression of NF-κB.CONCLUSION GSFF inhibited liver fibrosis progression in vivo and HSC-T6 cell activation in vitro.These effects may be related to an alleviated inflammatory response and downregulated ERK phosphorylation.展开更多
Bashu culture has an important position in Chinese culture. Du Fu's poems on the theme of Bashu account for a considerable portion of his poems, due to his long-term stay in Bashu and the vital effects of Bashu cu...Bashu culture has an important position in Chinese culture. Du Fu's poems on the theme of Bashu account for a considerable portion of his poems, due to his long-term stay in Bashu and the vital effects of Bashu culture had on him. The unique Bashu culture enriched his creativity, and greatly expanded his poetic space. Du Fu's Bashu poems show the natural scenery, human geography, local customs and practices, and the cultural personality of the Bashu people. In addition, Du Fu combined organically his care for the fate of his nation and the people with Bashu culture, to realize more abundant and profound space of his poems.展开更多
The aim of this paper is to use a new vision in interpreting Du Fu＇s disease poem in order to build a more profound interpretation in the tradition of Chinese Lyricism. As the illness experiences are irreplaceable an...The aim of this paper is to use a new vision in interpreting Du Fu＇s disease poem in order to build a more profound interpretation in the tradition of Chinese Lyricism. As the illness experiences are irreplaceable and the disease poems expressing clear self-image of the poet, we attempt to explore the unique illness experiences to uncover the lyrical self＇ in Du Fu＇s poems. The perception of the world of the poets suffering from illness would be different from the past while they were healthy, and thus they were experiencing a new sense of ＂space＂ through replacing the ordinary sense of space. This paper is divided into three parts： the first part is to interpret the new sense of space that is exhibiting features of anxiety caused by the state of imprisoned and the lost of mobility in life that is experienced by Du Fu＇s while he was sick. The second part of this study attempts to switch the perspective of Du Fu＇s disease poems that constructed a new sense of space by the action of＂ascending＂ in order to inspect whether the patient was able to overcome his anxiety while standing on a higher plane. The third part of this paper is to study the posture of＂lying＂, examining Du Fu expression of space while suffering from illness and had to stay at a lower position, and his perception of the space while suffering from chronic illness.展开更多
The great Chinese poet Du Fu＇s poetry in the Dang Dynasty has important significance in the development of the world culture. Confucianism is the main theme of his poetry, which penetrates connotation of benevolence,...The great Chinese poet Du Fu＇s poetry in the Dang Dynasty has important significance in the development of the world culture. Confucianism is the main theme of his poetry, which penetrates connotation of benevolence, love of all life and self-cultivation. The famous poet Sun Dayu strived to highlight ideological content and the essence of Confucianism in Du Fu＇s poetry through translation. On the basis of deep understanding of the source text and careful choice of words, Sun Dayu mainly used literal translation, free translation and explanation in order to make the target readers know the spirit of Confucianism. His translation activities showed solicitude for national destiny and historical responsibility.展开更多
基金Supported by the Innovation Team of the Beijing University of Chinese Medicine,No.2019-JYB-TD-006the National Natural Science Foundation of China,No.81873099Scientific Research Support Plan for the Construction of Doctoral Program of University of Tibetan Medicine.
文摘BACKGROUND Liver fibrosis is a common health problem worldwide and there is still a lack of effective medicines.The Chinese herbal medicine,Gan Shen Fu Fang(GSFF)is composed of salvianolic acid B and diammonium glycyrrhizinate.In this study,we observed the effects of GSFF on liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro in an attempt to provide some hope for the treatment.AIM To observe the effects of GSFF on liver fibrosis in vivo and in vitro and investigate the mechanism from the perspective of the inflammatory response and extracellular signal-regulated kinase(ERK)phosphorylation.METHODS Common bile duct-ligated rats were used for in vivo experiments.Hepatic stellate cells-T6(HSC-T6)cells were used for in vitro experiments.Hematoxylin and eosin staining and Masson staining,biochemical assays,hydroxyproline(Hyp)assays,enzyme-linked immunoasorbent assay and western blotting were performed to evaluate the degree of liver fibrosis,liver function,the inflammatory response and ERK phosphorylation.The CCK8 assay,immunofluorescence and western blotting were applied to test the effect of GSFF on HSC-T6 cell activation and determine whether GSFF had an effect on ERK phosphorylation in HSC-T6 cells.RESULTS GSFF improved liver function and inhibited liver fibrosis in common bile ductligated rats after 3 wk of treatment,as demonstrated by histological changes,hydroxyproline assays and collagen I concentrations.GSFF alleviated inflammatory cell infiltration and reduced the synthesis of pro-inflammatory cytokines[tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α)and interlukin-1β]and NF-κB.In addition,GSFF decreased ERK phosphorylation.In vitro,GSFF inhibited the viability of HSC-T6 cells with and without transforming growth factorβ1(TGF-β1)stimulation and decreased the synthesis of collagen I.GSFF had the greatest effect at a concentration of 0.5μmol/L.GSFF inhibited the expression ofα-smooth muscle actin(α-SMA),a marker of HSC activation,in HSC-T6 cells.Consistent with the in vivo results,GSFF also inhibited the phosphorylation of ERK and downregulated the expression of NF-κB.CONCLUSION GSFF inhibited liver fibrosis progression in vivo and HSC-T6 cell activation in vitro.These effects may be related to an alleviated inflammatory response and downregulated ERK phosphorylation.
文摘Bashu culture has an important position in Chinese culture. Du Fu's poems on the theme of Bashu account for a considerable portion of his poems, due to his long-term stay in Bashu and the vital effects of Bashu culture had on him. The unique Bashu culture enriched his creativity, and greatly expanded his poetic space. Du Fu's Bashu poems show the natural scenery, human geography, local customs and practices, and the cultural personality of the Bashu people. In addition, Du Fu combined organically his care for the fate of his nation and the people with Bashu culture, to realize more abundant and profound space of his poems.
文摘The aim of this paper is to use a new vision in interpreting Du Fu＇s disease poem in order to build a more profound interpretation in the tradition of Chinese Lyricism. As the illness experiences are irreplaceable and the disease poems expressing clear self-image of the poet, we attempt to explore the unique illness experiences to uncover the lyrical self＇ in Du Fu＇s poems. The perception of the world of the poets suffering from illness would be different from the past while they were healthy, and thus they were experiencing a new sense of ＂space＂ through replacing the ordinary sense of space. This paper is divided into three parts： the first part is to interpret the new sense of space that is exhibiting features of anxiety caused by the state of imprisoned and the lost of mobility in life that is experienced by Du Fu＇s while he was sick. The second part of this study attempts to switch the perspective of Du Fu＇s disease poems that constructed a new sense of space by the action of＂ascending＂ in order to inspect whether the patient was able to overcome his anxiety while standing on a higher plane. The third part of this paper is to study the posture of＂lying＂, examining Du Fu expression of space while suffering from illness and had to stay at a lower position, and his perception of the space while suffering from chronic illness.
文摘The great Chinese poet Du Fu＇s poetry in the Dang Dynasty has important significance in the development of the world culture. Confucianism is the main theme of his poetry, which penetrates connotation of benevolence, love of all life and self-cultivation. The famous poet Sun Dayu strived to highlight ideological content and the essence of Confucianism in Du Fu＇s poetry through translation. On the basis of deep understanding of the source text and careful choice of words, Sun Dayu mainly used literal translation, free translation and explanation in order to make the target readers know the spirit of Confucianism. His translation activities showed solicitude for national destiny and historical responsibility.
