Design Analysis of a Novel Low Triggering Voltage Dual Direction SCR ESD Device in 0.18μm Mixed Mode RFCMOS Technology

A novel SCR on-chip ESD device is proposed to protect IC chips against ESD stressing in two opposite direc- tions. The triggering voltages of four types of dual direction SCRs （DDSCR） are compared and analyzed, pMOS or nMOS are embedded into the structures to adjust their triggering voltages. Both MOSFETs embedded DDSCRs have tunable triggering voltage,low DC leakage （～pA）, and fast turn on speed snapback I-V characteristics without latch-up problem. It achieves high ESD performance of ～94V/μm. The new ESD protection devices are area efficient and can reduce the parasitic effects significantly.

Study of the Combustion Process inside an Ethanol-Diesel Dual Direct Injection Engine Based on a Non-Uniform Injection Approach

The use of ethanol is a promising method to reduce the emissions of diesel engines.The present study has been based on the installation of a gasoline electronic injection system in a single-cylinder diesel engine to control the amount of ethanol entering the cylinder during the compression(while diesel has been injected into the cylinder by the original pump injection system).The injection time has been controlled by crank angle signal collected by an AVL angle indicator.In the tests ethanol and diesel each accounted for half of the fuel volume,and the total heat energy supply of the fuel was equivalent to that of the diesel under the operating conditions of the original engine.A three-dimensional combustion model of the diesel engine has been implemented by using the CFD software FIRE.Simulations have been carried out assuming uniform and non-uniform injections rate for the different holes and the different results have been compared.According to these results,a non-uniform injection rate can produce early ignition and cause an increase in the maximum in-cylinder pressure and the maximum average incylinder temperature.Moreover,in such conditions NO emissions are larger while soot emission is slightly lower.

New DDSCR structure with high holding voltage for robust ESD applications

A novel dual direction silicon-controlled rectifier(DDSCR)with an additional P-type doping and gate(APGDDSCR)is proposed and demonstrated.Compared with the conventional low-voltage trigger DDSCR(LVTDDSCR)that has positive and negative holding voltages of 13.371 V and 14.038 V,respectively,the new DDSCR has high positive and negative holding voltages of 18.781 V and 18.912 V in a single finger device,respectively,and it exhibits suitable enough positive and negative holding voltages of 14.60 V and 14.319 V in a four-finger device for±12-V application.The failure current of APGDDSCR is almost the same as that of LVT-DDSCR in the single finger device,and the four-finger APGDDSCR can achieve positive and negative human-body model(HBM)protection capabilities of 22.281 kV and 23.45 kV,respectively,under 40-V voltage of core circuit failure,benefitting from the additional structure.The new structure can generate a snapback voltage on gate A to increase the current gain of the parasitic PNP in holding voltage.Thus,a sufficiently high holding voltage increased by the structure can ensure that a multi-finger device can also reach a sufficient holding voltage,it is equivalent to solving the non-uniform triggering problem of multi-finger device.The operating mechanism and the gate voltage are both discussed and verified in two-dimensional(2D)simulation and experiemnt.

基于线性不等式方程组解的存在性及其通解的工件可达/可离性分析算法

工件的可达/可离性反映了将工件安装到/脱离出夹具装夹布局的可能性,分析可达/可离性有助于在工件上正确选择装夹表面和装夹点。为此依据工件与装夹元件的实际接触或装配情况,利用泰勒定理提出了工件可达/可离性模型。通过将工件安装到/脱离出装夹布局的可能性等价于可达/可离性模型的解的存在性,借助任意数可表达为两个非负数之差这一数学技巧作为桥梁,将工件可达/可离性模型的解的存在性问题转化为线性规划问题,提出了工件可达/可离性的判断方法。尤其是在判断可达/可离性模型有解的情况下,继而考虑了工件安装到/脱离出装夹布局的方向性。在此基础上,进一步将可达/可离的方向性转化为可达/可离性模型的通解,由此构建了求解线性不等式方程组的Γ-算法。这个"先有解-再求解"的算法仅涉及到装夹元件在工件表面处的位置与单位法矢量信息,不仅适用于形状复杂的工件,而且避免了可达/可离性模型无解情况下依旧求解的局限性,同时也拓展和丰富了自动化夹具设计的理论基础。

■-law collision and system state recognition

Using dual function one direction S-rough sets, this article gives the f-law, the F-law, law distance and the concept of system law collided by the F-law. The characteristics presented by the system law collided by the F-law, the recognition of these characteristics and recognition criterion are also proposed. The dual function one direction S-rough sets is one of the basic forms of function S-rough sets. Its basic theory and application in the study of system law collision are reviewed.

F-knowledge and Its F-reduction Theorems

By using the dual of one direction singular rough sets,the concepts of F-knowledge and its F-reduction were given;F-reduction theorem of F-knowledge and attribute supplement redundant principle of F-reduction are presented;the dual of one direction singular rough sets is one of the basic forms of singular rough sets;knowledge reduction is a new research direction on rough sets and rough system theory.

翻译方向性与中国文化对外翻译的研究面向

对外翻译作为促进不同文明与文化体系之间交流与对话的策略与方法,越来越多地受到世界各主要国家的关注与重视,但其与对内翻译的差异尚未引起译学界足够的关注,这一现状较易淡化与模糊对外翻译实践的独特性,不利于其可持续发展。本文在剖析翻译方向性概念与实践内涵的基础上,基于中国文化对外翻译实践的历史现实,思考理论基础、立场与价值观以及策略方法等研究面向所展现的特征与问题,进而从多学科融合下的对外翻译理论研究、双重需求驱动的对外翻译实践模式、基于受众的翻译效果研究以及技术赋能下的多模态多媒介翻译研究等维度为对外翻译研究的未来发展提供研究思路。