Innovation for forming aluminum alloy thin shells at ultra-low temperature by the dual enhancement effect

Integral thin shells made of high strength aluminum alloys are urgently needed in new generation transportation equipment. There are challenges to overcoming the co-existing problems of wrinkling and splitting by the cold forming and hot forming processes. An innovative technology of ultra-low temperature forming has been invented for aluminum alloy thin shells by the new phenomenon of ‘dual enhancement effect’. That means plasticity and hardening are enhanced simultaneously at ultra-low temperatures. In this perspective, the dual enhancement effect is described, and the development, current state and prospects of this new forming method are introduced. This innovative method can provide a new approach for integral aluminum alloy components with large size, ultra-thin thickness, and high strength. An integral tank dome of rocket with 2 m in diameter was formed by using a blank sheet with the same thickness as the final component, breaking through the limit value of thickness-diameter ratio.

The dual effects of ethylene on the negative gravicurvature of arabidopsis inflorescence, an intriguing action model for the plant hormone ethylene

Ethylene was found to alter the shoot gravitropic response a century ago. However, its actual effects remained controversial over the century. In the present study, we investigated the effects of ethylene on the gravitropic response of Arabidopsis inflorescence and discovered that although the intact Arabidopsis inflorescence bent upward at the rate of 43° ±3°/h in the first 1.5 h under the given control growth conditions, it bent upward at a rate of 20°±3° and 64°±14°/h in the presence of exogenous ethylene if the plants were pretreated for 0.5 and 12 h, respectively, before the initiation of gravistimulation. The increase in gravicur-vature rate is proportional to the length of ethylene pre-treatment. The minimum ethylene pretreatment time required for achieving the maximum curvature rate is 10 -11 h with removal of exogenous ethylene. The stimulatory effect of ethylene on the inflorescence gravicurvature requires a latent period of time (1h) to become measurable. In contrast, the inhibitory

NONLINEAR EFFECT OF THE DUALFREQUENCY IP SPECTRUM

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Analytical solutions to edge effect of composite laminates based on symplectic dual system

In the symplectic space composed of the original variables,displacements,and their dual variables,stresses,the symplectic solution for the composite laminates based on the Pipes-Pagano model is established in this paper.In contrast to the traditional technique using only one kind of variables,the symplectic dual variables include displacement components as well as stress components.Therefore,the compatibility conditions of displacement and stress at interfaces can be formulated simultaneously.After being introduced into the symplectic dual system,the uniform schemes,such as the separation of variables and symplectic eigenfunction expansion method,can be implemented conveniently to analyze composite laminate problems.An analytical solution for the free edge effect of composite laminates is obtained,showing the effectiveness of the symplectic dual method in analyzing composite laminates.

Influence of Wind Turbine Structural Parameters on Wind Shear and Tower Shadow Effect

To overcome the problems of natural decreases in power quality,and to eliminate wind speed fluctuation due to wind shear and tower shadow effect arising from wind turbine structural parameters,an improved prediction model accounting for the dual effect of wind shear and tower shadow is,in this paper,built.Compared to the conventional prediction model,the proposed model contains a new constraint condition,which makes the disturbance term caused by the tower shadow effect always negative so that the prediction result is closer to the actual situation.Furthermore,wind turbine structural parameters such as hub height,rotor diameter,the diameter of the tower top,and rotor overhang on wind shear and tower shadow effect are also explored in detail.The results show that the wind shear effect became weaker with the increase in hub height.The hub height is independent of the tower shadow effect.The rotor diameter is positively correlated with the wind shear and tower shadow effect.The tower shadow effect is positively correlated with the diameter of the tower top and negatively correlated with the rotor overhang.

Surface plasmon-enhanced dual-band infrared absorber for VO_x-based microbolometer application

We propose a periodic structure as an extra absorption layer（i.e., absorber） based on surface plasmon resonance effects, enhancing dual-band absorption in both middle wavelength infrared（MWIR） and long wavelength infrared（LWIR）regions. Periodic gold disks are selectively patterned onto the top layer of suspended SiN/VO_2/SiN sandwich-structure.We employ the finite element method to model this structure in COMSOL Multiphysics including a proposed method of modulating the absorption peak. Simulation results show that the absorber has two absorption peaks at wavelengths λ =4.8 μm and λ = 9 μm with the absorption magnitudes more than 0.98 and 0.94 in MWIR and LWIR regions, respectively. In addition, the absorber achieves broad spectrum absorption in LWIR region, in the meanwhile, tunable dual-band absorption peaks can be achieved by variable heights of cavity as well as diameters and periodicity of disk. Thus, this designed absorber can be a good candidate for enhancing the performance of dual band uncooled infrared detector, furthermore, the manufacturing process of cavity can be easily simplified so that the reliability of such devices can be improved.

Difference-frequency ultrasound generation from microbubbles under dual-frequency excitation

The difference-frequency （DF） ultrasound generated by using parametric effect promises to improve detection depth owing to its low attenuation, which is beneficial for deep tissue imaging. With ultrasound contrast agents infusion, the harmonic components scattered from the microbubbles, including DF, can be generated due to the nonlinear vibration. A theoretical study on the DF generation from microbubbles under the dual-frequency excitation is proposed in formula based on the solution of the RPNNP equation. The optimisation of the DF generation is discussed associated with the applied acoustic pressure, frequency, and the microbubble size. Experiments are performed to validate the theoretical predictions by using a dual-frequency signal to excite microbubbles. Both the numerical and experimental results demonstrate that the optimised DF ultrasound can be achieved as the difference frequency is close to the resonance frequency of the microbubble and improve the contrast-to-tissue ratio in imaging.

DUAL-FREQUENCY IP

The dual-frequency(DF)IP is a new kind of frequency domain IP method.Not only is thedual-frequency current transmitted simultaneously but the electric potential difference due to dualfrequency current is measured synchronously.This paper discusses the principle and charateristicof DF current, DF current can be formed by two rectangular currents which must be coherent orelse false Percent Frequency Effect(PEE)will occur.DF currents with different waveforms areequivalent in the ability of detecting IP anomalies.Unstable current has much less effect of DFIP than on conventional variable frequency method;in fact,there is no need to stabilize currentin DF IP method.There are many differences between harmonic contents of DF current and thatof rectangular wave used in variable frequency method,but theoretical analysis,labaratory mod-eling and field data all show that the anomalies of both DF and variable frequency method are sim-liar in character and close in value.DF IP can match variable frequeney IP and time domain IPin the ability of detecting IP anomaly,furthermore,dual-frequency IP measurements are morerapid,more accurate and more simple in operation.

复杂水下环境中的Dual-HFM速度谱优化

在理想环境下,双双曲调频(dual hyperbolic frequency modulation,Dual-HFM)速度谱估计方法可得到高分辨率的连续多普勒估计结果。然而由多径、双目标环境引起的旁瓣干扰,削弱了速度谱方法抑制噪声的能力,影响目标参数估计。针对该方法在多径、双目标等各种复杂水声环境中的应用,进行了深入的讨论,推导了多径、双目标造成的速度谱旁瓣位置,并提出了基于多帧信号的速度谱旁瓣抑制方法,利用另一维度信号空间中目标回波信息与多径杂波旁瓣的差异性,抑制了复杂水下环境中的速度谱旁瓣,并保留了速度谱计算量低的优点。通过数值仿真验证了所提方法的适用性,为低信噪比、多径、双目标环境下的多普勒估计提供了理论依据。

Numerical investigation of the interaction of the turbulent dual-jet and acoustic propagation

In order to study the interaction between two independent jets, a three-dimensional（3D） transient mathematical model is developed to investigate the flow field and acoustic properties of the two-stream jets. The results are compared with those of the single-stream jet at Mach number 0.9 and Reynolds number 3600. The large eddy simulation（LES） with dynamic Smagorinsky sub-grid scale（SGS） approach is used to simulate the turbulent jet flow structure. The acoustic field is evaluated by the Ffowcs Williams–Hawkings（FW-H） integral equation. Considering the compressibility of high-speed gas jets, the density-based explicit formulation is adopted to solve the governing equations. Meanwhile, the viscosity is approximated by using the Sutherland kinetic theory. The predicted flow characteristics as well as the acoustic properties show that they are in good agreement with the existing experimental and numerical results under the same flow conditions available in the literature. The results indicate that the merging phenomenon of the dual-jet is triggered by the deflection mechanism of the Coanda effect, which sequentially introduces additional complexity and instability of flow structure. One of the main factors affecting the dual-jet merging is the aperture ratio, which has a direct influence on the potential core and surrounding flow fluctuation. The analysis on the noise pollution reveals that the potential core plays a fundamental role in noise emission while the additional mixing noise makes less contribution than the single jet noise. The overall sound pressure level（OASPL） profiles have a directive property, suggesting an approximate 25° deflection from the streamwise direction, however, shifting toward lateral direction of about 10° to 15° in the dual-jet. The conclusion obtained in this study can provide valuable data to guide the development of manufacturing-green technology in the multi-jet applications.

Study and Enhanced Design of RF Dual Band Bandpass Filter Validation and Confirmation of Experimental Measurements

Dual band bandpass filter is designed and optimized for RF wireless applications. The performances of that RF dual band filter are improved especially parameters describing the insertion loss, return losses and rejection. Dual-band bandpass filter using stub loaded resonators is designed and characterized. Theoretical results are compared with experimental data. This comparison shows that the magnitude of reflection coefficient S11 from ADSTM simulation is better than 28.0 dB, and the insertion loss S21 is less than 0.5 dB. The two rejections are also better than 32.0 dB. The simulated results also show that two central frequencies are located at desired 1.82 and 2.95 GHz. Comparison of measured and simulated results shows frequency drift. The main reason for this frequency shifting is due to some uncertainties. These are obviously due to geometrical and physical parameters H and εr respectively of Duroid substrate used during design and measurements.

(α+β)Dual Phase CuZnAl Shape Memory Alloy

The effect of α phase on CuZnAl shape memo- ry alloy(SMA)has been systematically studied by electrical resistance method,quantitative measure- ment of micrography and transmission electron microscopy(TEM).It is found that,by controlling the amount of α phase in(α+β)-CuZnAl alloy, phase transformation temperatures can be adjusted precisely in a wide range,while the good shape memory effect of CuZnAl is kept.In a word, quenching from(α+β)dual phase region is a rea- sonable method of adjusting phase transformation temperatures for CuZnAl alloy.

双源CT电子密度/有效原子序数(Rho/Z)在孤立性肺结节中的诊断价值

目的:探讨双源CT(DSCT)双能量技术电子密度/有效原子序数(Rho/Z)在孤立性肺结节中良恶性的诊断价值。方法:回顾性收集130例双能量平扫及增强的孤立性肺结节患者,其中恶性组68例,良性组62例,利用Rho/Z应用程序对平扫及增强静脉期图像进行评估,记录参数Rho、Z和双能量指数(DEI)值,比较两组间的差异,对于有统计学差异的参数,将绘制受试者工作特性(ROC)曲线,以评估其诊断效能。结果:平扫时,恶性组Rho (31.1±22.33)HU明显高于良性组(24.69±20.91)HU,两组之间存在显著统计学差异(P=0.003<0.05),Z与DEI在两组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05);增强静脉期,恶性组Rho (35.3±20.85)HU明显高于良性组(24.73±17.93)HU,两组之间可见显著统计学差异(P=0.001<0.05),Z与DEI在两组间差异均无统计学意义(P>0.05)。在两组的鉴别诊断中,平扫及增强静脉期Rho的ROC曲线下面积分别为0.652、0.696。结论:DSCT双能量技术Rho/Z有一定特征,有助于孤立性肺结节的诊断。

同行“双碳”政策感知对企业创新绩效的影响研究

科技创新是实现“双碳”目标的关键支撑,如何充分调动企业科技创新的主观能动性则成为亟需解决的问题。本文运用文本计量方法测算上市公司的同行“双碳”政策感知,定量分析同行“双碳”政策感知对企业创新绩效的影响,并对这种溢出效应机制进行探索。研究发现:同行的“双碳”政策感知能够显著提高企业的研发强度、专利申请量和专利获取量;该创新促进效应的重要渠道是“双碳”政策感知在行业与企业间的传递;外部环境、企业性质和行业特征是该创新促进效应的重要调节变量。本文研究结果验证了凝聚绿色低碳转型的行业共识,可以充分调动企业科技创新的主观能动性,并指出激励政策和给予特殊行业补贴的策略至关重要。

考虑温度和时间双重影响的混凝土蠕变模型构建

为了研究温度对混凝土结构蠕变特性的影响,开展不同温度作用下混凝土三轴蠕变试验,分析了不同温度作用下混凝土结构的轴向蠕变特性。在温度作用下,混凝土的内部损伤与非均匀程度参数有关,建立非均匀程度参数与温度之间的关系;假定混凝土蠕变模型是关于温度和时间的函数,结合上述损伤变量和微元体强度分布概率模型,建立了考虑温度和时间双重影响的混凝土蠕变模型。基于最小二乘法和试验数据对模型的准确性进行验证,并采用西原模型对其优越性作进一步验证。结果表明:不同温度作用下蠕变损伤模型与试验数据的吻合度都较好,且相关性系数在0.95以上,说明了所建立模型的正确性;同时,该模型与试验数据的吻合度要优于西原模型,并且在描述加速蠕变方面具有一定的优越性。该理论模型为地下工程中混凝土支护结构的长期变形预测研究提供理论依据。

应对可转移多黏菌素耐药性--饲料添加剂来源的白屈菜红碱具有双重效应

The emergence and spread of the mobile colistin-resistance gene,mcr-1,and its variants pose achallenge to the use of colistin,a last-resort antibiotic used to treat severe infections caused by extensively drug-resistant(XDR)Gram-negative pathogens.Antibiotic adjuvants are a promising strategy to enhance the efficacy of colistin against colistin-resistant pathogens;however,few studies have considered the effects of adjuvants on limiting resistance-gene transmission.We found that chelerythrine(4 mg·L^(-1))derived from Macleaya cordata extract,which is used as an animal feed additive,reduced the minimal inhibitory concentration(MIC)of colistin against an mcr-1 positive Escherichia coli(E.coli)strain by 16-fold(from 2.000 to 0.125 mg·L^(-1)).eliminated approximately 10^(4) colony-forming units(CFUs)of an mcr-1-carrying strain in a murine intestinal infection model,and inhibited the conjugation of an mcr-1-bearing plasmid in vitro(by>100-fold)and in a mouse model(by up to 5-fold).A detailed analysis revealed that chelery-thrine binds to phospholipids on bacterial membranes and increases cytoplasmic membrane fluidity,thereby impairing respiration,disrupting proton motive force(PMF),generating reactive oxygen species(ROS),and decreasing intracellular adenosine triphosphate(ATP)levels,which subsequently downregu-lates mcr-1 and conjugation-associated genes.These dual effects of chelerythrine can expand the use of antibiotic adjuvants and may provide a new strategy for circumventing mobile colistin resistance.

An analytical threshold voltage model for dual-strained channel PMOSFET

Based on the analysis of vertical electric potential distribution across the dual-channel strained p-type Si/strained Si1-xGex/relaxd Si1-yGey（s-Si/s-SiGe/Si1-yGey） metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor （PMOSFET）, analytical expressions of the threshold voltages for buried channel and surface channel are presented. And the maximum allowed thickness of s-Si is given, which can ensure that the strong inversion appears earlier in the buried channel （compressive strained SiGe） than in the surface channel （tensile strained Si）, because the hole mobility in the buried channel is higher than that in the surface channel. Thus they offer a good accuracy as compared with the results of device simulator ISE. With this model, the variations of threshold voltage and maximum allowed thickness of s-Si with design parameters can be predicted, such as Ge fraction, layer thickness, and doping concentration. This model can serve as a useful tool for p-channel s-Si/s-SiGe/Si1-yGey metal-oxide-semiconductor field-effect transistor （MOSFET） designs.

THE OPTIMAL MAGNETIZING FIELD DISTRIBUTION FOR FERRITE DUAL-MODE DEVICES

The optimal magnetizing fields of the variable polarization effects of ferrite are studied by using thecoupling-wave(cw)theory,vaiational principle and optimization techniques.Several kinds of shapes of themagnetic line of force and some valuable results of the optimal magnetizing field are given.The theoretical cal-culations are in good agreement with the experimental results.

双碳目标下绿色金融碳减排效应的实证研究

绿色金融是实现绿色低碳发展战略的重要手段,研究绿色金融碳减排效应及其作用机制对实现“双碳”目标具有重要现实意义。利用2008—2020年省际面板数据,实证检验了绿色金融碳减排效应、作用机制和异质性。研究结果表明:无论是总维度还是分维度,绿色金融均具有显著的碳减排效应,其中绿色投资的碳减排效应最大,绿色证券次之,绿色信贷最小;绿色技术创新对绿色金融碳减排效应具有中介作用,环境规制与金融市场化均增强了绿色金融碳减排效果;东部组、科技发达组和高耗能组相对中西部组、科技欠发达组和低耗能组绿色金融碳减排效应更为明显。因此,进一步加大绿色金融产品创新,实现绿色金融资源高效配置,制定差异化绿色金融政策尤为重要。

多环芳烃双效耦合加氢催化剂制备及其加氢性能

多环芳烃加氢饱和既有利于环境保护,还能促进煤焦油的高效率利用。以煤焦油中(210~360)℃富含2-4环多环芳烃馏分为研究对象,采用加氢饱和催化剂与分子筛催化剂作为双效耦合催化剂,对不同反应条件下煤焦油催化加氢反应性能进行研究。结果表明,双效耦合催化剂具备分子筛催化剂与加氢饱和催化剂的催化特性,同时具备两者相互作用较小的稳态结构,且其在多环芳烃催化加氢反应中的活性介于分子筛催化剂和加氢饱和催化剂之间;活性金属组分Ni和Mo在催化剂表面分布稳定均匀。各操作条件对多环芳烃加氢性能存在不同程度的影响,双效耦合催化剂耦合比为4∶6时,多环芳烃催化加氢性能优于其他耦合比催化剂,在反应温度380℃、氢初压8.0 MPa、反应时间60 min和剂油比5∶100条件下,具有较好的加氢性能。馏分油多次选择性加氢后,饱和分量明显增加,胶质和芳香分量明显减少。