BACKGROUND Mitral regurgitation(MR)is commonly seen in patients with severe aortic stenosis(AS)undergoing aortic valve replacement(AVR).But the long-term implications of MR in AS are unknown.AIM To investigate MR’s i...BACKGROUND Mitral regurgitation(MR)is commonly seen in patients with severe aortic stenosis(AS)undergoing aortic valve replacement(AVR).But the long-term implications of MR in AS are unknown.AIM To investigate MR’s impact on survival of patients undergoing surgical AVR for severe AS.METHODS Of the 740 consecutive patients with severe AS evaluated between 1993 and 2003,287 underwent AVR forming the study cohort.They were followed up to death or till the end of 2019.Chart reviews were performed for clinical,echocardiographic,and therapeutic data.MR was graded on a 1-4 scale.Mortality data was obtained from chart review and the Social Security Death Index.Survival was analyzed as a function of degree of MR.RESULTS The mean age of the severe AS patients who had AVR(n=287)was 72±13 years,46%women.Over up to 26 years of follow up,there were 201(70%)deaths,giving deep insights into the determinants of survival of severe AS who had AVR.The 5,10 and 20 years survival rates were 75%,45%and 25%respectively.Presence of MR was associated with higher mortality in a graded fashion(P=0.0003).MR was significantly associated with lower left ventricular(LV)ejection fraction and larger LV size.Impact of MR on mortality was partially mediated through lower LV ejection fraction and larger LV size.By Cox regression,MR,lower ejection fraction(EF)and larger LV end-systolic dimension were independent predictors of higher mortality(χ^(2)=33.2).CONCLUSION Presence of greater than 2+MR in patients with severe AS is independently associated with reduced survival in surgically managed patients,an effect incremental to reduced EF and larger LV size.We suggest that aortic valve intervention should be considered in severe AS patients when>2+MR occurs irrespective of EF or symptoms.展开更多
BACKGROUND Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)is recommended in patients with severe aortic stenosis who have high surgical risk.However,in the pre-existing mechanical mitral valve prosthesis and natural pure...BACKGROUND Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)is recommended in patients with severe aortic stenosis who have high surgical risk.However,in the pre-existing mechanical mitral valve prosthesis and natural pure aortic regurgitation,TAVR is relatively contraindicated.In this report,we described one case of TAVR with native aortic regurgitation in the presence of mechanical mitral valve prosthesis.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old man with a medical history of mitral valve replacement had severe dyspnea and was symptomatic even at rest for 3 mo.His echocardiography showed severe native pure aortic regurgitation.His euroscore was 15.A TAVR procedure with an evolut R was planned.A 34 mm evolut R was placed by transesophageal echocardiography.The mitral prosthesis was functioning normally,and mild-moderate paravalvular leakage was evident by transesophageal echocardiography.The patient recovered without any complication.At 1 mo follow up,the patient was well,and no paravalvular leakage was noted.CONCLUSION TAVR for pure aortic regurgitation in the presence of prosthetic mitral valve can be a safe procedure.展开更多
Background: Structural changes to the mitral annulus occur following aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe aortic stenosis which may influence functional mitral regurgitation (MR). Methods: A retrospective review ...Background: Structural changes to the mitral annulus occur following aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe aortic stenosis which may influence functional mitral regurgitation (MR). Methods: A retrospective review of 44 patients who underwent open AVR for aortic stenosis at a single center from 2010-2013 was performed. Patients undergoing concomitant aortic root surgery or with severe MR were excluded. MR was evaluated with preoperative and postoperative transthoracic echocardiograms. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to assess for factors associated with postoperative MR improvement and worsening. Results: Prior to AVR, none had severe MR, 5% (2 patients) had moderate, 9% (4 patients) mild-to-moderate, 46% (20 patients) mild, and 23% (9 patients) trace MR. Of patients with pre-operative MR, 44% (16 patients) experienced improvement of MR. Six patients had worsening of MR and the remaining 22 patients had no change. Cases of more severe MR were more likely to improve compared with mild or trace MR (P = 0.04). MR worsening was significantly more likely in patients with bicuspid aortic valves (83% vs. 24%;P = 0.004), and with larger aortic annulus diameters (P = 0.03). MR worsening was less frequent in cases of mitral annular calcification (0% vs 42%;P = 0.04) and left atrial enlargement (17% vs 65%;P = 0.03). Logistic regression analysis revealed negative predictors for MR improvement were mitral annular calcification (P = 0.04) and larger aortic annulus diastolic diameter (P = 0.05). Conclusion: Structural factors such as aortic annular size, mitral annular calcification and valve morphology may impact MR following AVR and should be investigated further as potential targets of surgical therapy.展开更多
Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a new method for patients with severe aortic stenosis at high surgical risk, such as previous cardiac surgery. The presence of mechanical mitral prosthesis...Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a new method for patients with severe aortic stenosis at high surgical risk, such as previous cardiac surgery. The presence of mechanical mitral prosthesis might complicate TAVI because of possible interference between both prostheses. Some reports have already demonstrated the feasibility of TAVI in such patients. Case Reports: We report 2 patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who had prior mitral valve replacement that successfully underwent TAVI with Edwards Sapien and CoreValve aortic prosthesis, re- spectively. Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) was useful for the assessment of the distance between both aor- tic and mitral prosthesis annuli. Transesophageal echocardiography was crucial for precise positioning of TAV. There were no special technical tips besides precise positioning of the valve prosthesis. In case of Core Valve the goal was the positioning at “zero point” and in case of Edwards Sapien valve a “half-on-half” position according to natural aortic valve. We observed no deformation or dysfunction of aortic and mitral prosthesis in any of the patients. Balloon valvu- loplasty prior to implantation helps to observe the mutual effect of the new aortic valve and pre-existent mitral prosthe- sis. Conclusions: We conclude that TAVI can be safely and successfully performed in patients with mechanical mitral prosthesis carefully considering the altered anatomical conditions. Skillfulness and TAVI experience of the operators should not be neglected.展开更多
Background Whilst the majority of the patients with severe aortic stenosis can be directly addressed to surgical aortic valve replace- ment （AVR） or transcatheter aortic valve implantation （TAVI）, in some instance...Background Whilst the majority of the patients with severe aortic stenosis can be directly addressed to surgical aortic valve replace- ment （AVR） or transcatheter aortic valve implantation （TAVI）, in some instances additional information may be needed to complete the diagnostic workout. We evaluated the role of balloon aortic valvuloplasty （BAV） as a bridge-to-decision （BTD） in selected high-risk patients. Methods Between 2007 and 2012, the heart team in our Institution required BTD BAV in 202 patients. Very low left ventricular ejection fraction, mitral regurgitation grade 〉 3, frailty, hemodynamic instability, serious comorbidity, or a combination of these factors were the main drivers for this strategy. We evaluated how BAV influenced the final treatment strategy in the whole patient group and in each specific subgroup. Results Mean logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation （EuroSCORE） was 23.5%±15.3%, age 81 ± 7 years. In-hospital mortality was 4.5%, cerebrovascular accident 1% and overall vascular complications 4% （0.5% major; 3.5% minor）. Of the 193 patients with BTD BAV who survived and received a second heart team evaluation, 72.6% were finally deemed eligible for definitive treatment （25.4% for AVR; 47.2% for TAVI）： 96.7% of patients with left ventricular ejection fraction recovery; 70.5% of patients with mitral regurgitation reduction; 75.7% of patients who underwent BAV in clinical hemodynamic instability; 69.2% of frail patients and 68% of patients who presented serious comorbidities. Conclusions Balloon aortic valvuloplasty can be considered as bridge-to- decision in high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis who cannot be immediate candidates for definitive transcatheter or surgical treatment.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Mitral regurgitation(MR)is commonly seen in patients with severe aortic stenosis(AS)undergoing aortic valve replacement(AVR).But the long-term implications of MR in AS are unknown.AIM To investigate MR’s impact on survival of patients undergoing surgical AVR for severe AS.METHODS Of the 740 consecutive patients with severe AS evaluated between 1993 and 2003,287 underwent AVR forming the study cohort.They were followed up to death or till the end of 2019.Chart reviews were performed for clinical,echocardiographic,and therapeutic data.MR was graded on a 1-4 scale.Mortality data was obtained from chart review and the Social Security Death Index.Survival was analyzed as a function of degree of MR.RESULTS The mean age of the severe AS patients who had AVR(n=287)was 72±13 years,46%women.Over up to 26 years of follow up,there were 201(70%)deaths,giving deep insights into the determinants of survival of severe AS who had AVR.The 5,10 and 20 years survival rates were 75%,45%and 25%respectively.Presence of MR was associated with higher mortality in a graded fashion(P=0.0003).MR was significantly associated with lower left ventricular(LV)ejection fraction and larger LV size.Impact of MR on mortality was partially mediated through lower LV ejection fraction and larger LV size.By Cox regression,MR,lower ejection fraction(EF)and larger LV end-systolic dimension were independent predictors of higher mortality(χ^(2)=33.2).CONCLUSION Presence of greater than 2+MR in patients with severe AS is independently associated with reduced survival in surgically managed patients,an effect incremental to reduced EF and larger LV size.We suggest that aortic valve intervention should be considered in severe AS patients when>2+MR occurs irrespective of EF or symptoms.
文摘BACKGROUND Transcatheter aortic valve replacement(TAVR)is recommended in patients with severe aortic stenosis who have high surgical risk.However,in the pre-existing mechanical mitral valve prosthesis and natural pure aortic regurgitation,TAVR is relatively contraindicated.In this report,we described one case of TAVR with native aortic regurgitation in the presence of mechanical mitral valve prosthesis.CASE SUMMARY A 64-year-old man with a medical history of mitral valve replacement had severe dyspnea and was symptomatic even at rest for 3 mo.His echocardiography showed severe native pure aortic regurgitation.His euroscore was 15.A TAVR procedure with an evolut R was planned.A 34 mm evolut R was placed by transesophageal echocardiography.The mitral prosthesis was functioning normally,and mild-moderate paravalvular leakage was evident by transesophageal echocardiography.The patient recovered without any complication.At 1 mo follow up,the patient was well,and no paravalvular leakage was noted.CONCLUSION TAVR for pure aortic regurgitation in the presence of prosthetic mitral valve can be a safe procedure.
文摘Background: Structural changes to the mitral annulus occur following aortic valve replacement (AVR) for severe aortic stenosis which may influence functional mitral regurgitation (MR). Methods: A retrospective review of 44 patients who underwent open AVR for aortic stenosis at a single center from 2010-2013 was performed. Patients undergoing concomitant aortic root surgery or with severe MR were excluded. MR was evaluated with preoperative and postoperative transthoracic echocardiograms. Univariate and multivariable analyses were performed to assess for factors associated with postoperative MR improvement and worsening. Results: Prior to AVR, none had severe MR, 5% (2 patients) had moderate, 9% (4 patients) mild-to-moderate, 46% (20 patients) mild, and 23% (9 patients) trace MR. Of patients with pre-operative MR, 44% (16 patients) experienced improvement of MR. Six patients had worsening of MR and the remaining 22 patients had no change. Cases of more severe MR were more likely to improve compared with mild or trace MR (P = 0.04). MR worsening was significantly more likely in patients with bicuspid aortic valves (83% vs. 24%;P = 0.004), and with larger aortic annulus diameters (P = 0.03). MR worsening was less frequent in cases of mitral annular calcification (0% vs 42%;P = 0.04) and left atrial enlargement (17% vs 65%;P = 0.03). Logistic regression analysis revealed negative predictors for MR improvement were mitral annular calcification (P = 0.04) and larger aortic annulus diastolic diameter (P = 0.05). Conclusion: Structural factors such as aortic annular size, mitral annular calcification and valve morphology may impact MR following AVR and should be investigated further as potential targets of surgical therapy.
文摘Background: Transcatheter aortic valve implantation (TAVI) is a new method for patients with severe aortic stenosis at high surgical risk, such as previous cardiac surgery. The presence of mechanical mitral prosthesis might complicate TAVI because of possible interference between both prostheses. Some reports have already demonstrated the feasibility of TAVI in such patients. Case Reports: We report 2 patients with severe symptomatic aortic stenosis who had prior mitral valve replacement that successfully underwent TAVI with Edwards Sapien and CoreValve aortic prosthesis, re- spectively. Computed tomographic angiography (CTA) was useful for the assessment of the distance between both aor- tic and mitral prosthesis annuli. Transesophageal echocardiography was crucial for precise positioning of TAV. There were no special technical tips besides precise positioning of the valve prosthesis. In case of Core Valve the goal was the positioning at “zero point” and in case of Edwards Sapien valve a “half-on-half” position according to natural aortic valve. We observed no deformation or dysfunction of aortic and mitral prosthesis in any of the patients. Balloon valvu- loplasty prior to implantation helps to observe the mutual effect of the new aortic valve and pre-existent mitral prosthe- sis. Conclusions: We conclude that TAVI can be safely and successfully performed in patients with mechanical mitral prosthesis carefully considering the altered anatomical conditions. Skillfulness and TAVI experience of the operators should not be neglected.
文摘Background Whilst the majority of the patients with severe aortic stenosis can be directly addressed to surgical aortic valve replace- ment （AVR） or transcatheter aortic valve implantation （TAVI）, in some instances additional information may be needed to complete the diagnostic workout. We evaluated the role of balloon aortic valvuloplasty （BAV） as a bridge-to-decision （BTD） in selected high-risk patients. Methods Between 2007 and 2012, the heart team in our Institution required BTD BAV in 202 patients. Very low left ventricular ejection fraction, mitral regurgitation grade 〉 3, frailty, hemodynamic instability, serious comorbidity, or a combination of these factors were the main drivers for this strategy. We evaluated how BAV influenced the final treatment strategy in the whole patient group and in each specific subgroup. Results Mean logistic European System for Cardiac Operative Risk Evaluation （EuroSCORE） was 23.5%±15.3%, age 81 ± 7 years. In-hospital mortality was 4.5%, cerebrovascular accident 1% and overall vascular complications 4% （0.5% major; 3.5% minor）. Of the 193 patients with BTD BAV who survived and received a second heart team evaluation, 72.6% were finally deemed eligible for definitive treatment （25.4% for AVR; 47.2% for TAVI）： 96.7% of patients with left ventricular ejection fraction recovery; 70.5% of patients with mitral regurgitation reduction; 75.7% of patients who underwent BAV in clinical hemodynamic instability; 69.2% of frail patients and 68% of patients who presented serious comorbidities. Conclusions Balloon aortic valvuloplasty can be considered as bridge-to- decision in high-risk patients with severe aortic stenosis who cannot be immediate candidates for definitive transcatheter or surgical treatment.
