An experimental study was conducted to investigate the evolutions of unsteady vortex structures downstream a lobed mixer/nozzle.A novel dual-plane stereoscopic PIV system was used to measure all 3-components of vortic...An experimental study was conducted to investigate the evolutions of unsteady vortex structures downstream a lobed mixer/nozzle.A novel dual-plane stereoscopic PIV system was used to measure all 3-components of vorticity distributions to revealed both the large-scale streamwise vortices produced by the lobed mixer/nozzle and the Kelvin-Helmholtz vortex structures generated due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities simultaneously and quantitatively for the first time.The instantaneous and the ensemble-averaged vorticity distributions displayed quite different aspects about the evolutions of the unsteady vortex structures.While the ensemble-averaged vorticity distributions indicated the overall effect of the special geometry of the lobed nozzle/mixer on the enhanced mixing process,the instantaneous vorticity distributions elucidated many details about how the enhanced mixing process was conducted.In addition to quantitatively confirming conjectures of previous studies,further insight about the formation,evolution and interaction characteristics of the unsteady vortex structures downstream of the lobed mixer/nozzle were also uncovered quantitatively in the present study.展开更多
Bypass Dual Throat Nozzle(BDTN)is a novel type of fluidic thrust vectoring nozzle.To improve the infrared stealth performance of BDTN,a nozzle based on BDTN is proposed and numerically simulated.Each cross-section alo...Bypass Dual Throat Nozzle(BDTN)is a novel type of fluidic thrust vectoring nozzle.To improve the infrared stealth performance of BDTN,a nozzle based on BDTN is proposed and numerically simulated.Each cross-section along the x-axis of the novel nozzle becomes a trapezoid,which is named“BDTN-TRA.”The main numerical simulation results show that BDTN-TRA can produce a thrust vectoring angle when the upper or lower bypass valve is open.The angle difference between the two conditions mentioned above is usually approximately 1°-2°.Even if the two bypasses are closed,BDTN-TRA can produce a small thrust vectoring angle at around 3°-5°.When the sidewall angle increases from 60°to 90°,the thrust coefficient and thrust vectoring angle under each work condition usually decrease.A larger aspect ratio indicates better performance.As the aspect ratio increases over 7.2,the performance of BDTN-TRA is quite close to that of BDTN with rectangular cross-sections at the same aspect ratio.These features will benefit the control and trimming for future aircraft design,especially for the flying wing layout aircraft.Last but not least,BDTN-TRA has a more extraordinary mixing performance compared with BDTN.The distributions of static temperature and axial velocity along the x-axis of BDTN-TRA with sidewall angle of 60°decrease faster than those of BDTN.When the total temperature of the inlet equals 1600 K,the static temperature difference between BDTN-TRA with sidewall angles of 60°and 90°is over 360 K at twice the length of the nozzle downstream of the nozzle exit,which is the reflection for excellent infrared stealth for the fighter.展开更多
为研究水压和气压对一种造雪机喷嘴雾化性能的影响,文中采用流体仿真的方法,建立喷嘴的三维模型,对喷嘴流域进行简化处理,通过改变喷嘴气体和液体的入口压力,运用多相流中的volume of fluid(VOF)模型和realizable k-ε模型对双流体喷嘴...为研究水压和气压对一种造雪机喷嘴雾化性能的影响,文中采用流体仿真的方法,建立喷嘴的三维模型,对喷嘴流域进行简化处理,通过改变喷嘴气体和液体的入口压力,运用多相流中的volume of fluid(VOF)模型和realizable k-ε模型对双流体喷嘴内流场速度进行仿真分析。由于压缩空气增加了液膜的不稳定性,利用离散相模型(DPM模型)对喷嘴外流场进行模拟雾滴的雾化情况,比较不同气、液压强下雾滴的索特平均直径(D_(sm)),并对结果进行分析。研究结果表明,在液体压强相同的情况下,随着气压的增大,喷射出雾滴的D_(sm)会出现总体减小的趋势;在气体压强相同的情况下,随着水压的增大,外流场雾滴的D_(sm)随着水压的增大出现增大的趋势。雾滴的D_(sm)受气液压强比n的影响,当n=1~2时D_(sm)下降幅度最大,下降幅度达到65%;当n=2~6时D_(sm)下降幅度较小,下降幅度达到35%,当n=1.167时,D_(sm)达到最大值37.63μm;n=6时,SMD达到最小值18.61μm。展开更多
锯齿形喷嘴被认为是一种有效而实用的射流噪声被动控制方法。采用大涡模拟与FW-H方程(Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings Equation)相结合的方法预测圆形喷口和锯齿型喷口的流场和远场噪声。分析锯齿的分布方式以及结构参数对降噪特性的影...锯齿形喷嘴被认为是一种有效而实用的射流噪声被动控制方法。采用大涡模拟与FW-H方程(Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings Equation)相结合的方法预测圆形喷口和锯齿型喷口的流场和远场噪声。分析锯齿的分布方式以及结构参数对降噪特性的影响。结果表明,尾喷管的射流核心区域温度较高,湍动能值较小,整个核心区域呈现锥形。锯齿型喷口可以有效抑制低频段喷流噪声;仅在内涵添加锯齿结构的喷口降噪效果最好,可以降低整个频段的噪声;齿数增加与切入角变化对降噪效果有一定影响。展开更多
Dual throat nozzle (DTN) is fast becoming a popular technique for thrust vectoring. The DTN is designed with two throats, an upstream minimum and a downstream minimum at the nozzle exit, with a cavity in between the u...Dual throat nozzle (DTN) is fast becoming a popular technique for thrust vectoring. The DTN is designed with two throats, an upstream minimum and a downstream minimum at the nozzle exit, with a cavity in between the upstream throat and exit. In the present study, a computational work has been carried out to analyze the performance of a dual throat nozzle at various mass flow rates of secondary flow and nozzle pressure ratios (NPR). Two-dimensional, steady, compressible Navier-Stokes equations were solved using a fully implicit finite volume scheme. The present computational results were validated with available experimental data. Based on the present results, the control effectiveness of thrust-vectoring is discussed in terms of the thrust coefficient and the coefficient of discharge.展开更多
文摘An experimental study was conducted to investigate the evolutions of unsteady vortex structures downstream a lobed mixer/nozzle.A novel dual-plane stereoscopic PIV system was used to measure all 3-components of vorticity distributions to revealed both the large-scale streamwise vortices produced by the lobed mixer/nozzle and the Kelvin-Helmholtz vortex structures generated due to the Kelvin-Helmholtz instabilities simultaneously and quantitatively for the first time.The instantaneous and the ensemble-averaged vorticity distributions displayed quite different aspects about the evolutions of the unsteady vortex structures.While the ensemble-averaged vorticity distributions indicated the overall effect of the special geometry of the lobed nozzle/mixer on the enhanced mixing process,the instantaneous vorticity distributions elucidated many details about how the enhanced mixing process was conducted.In addition to quantitatively confirming conjectures of previous studies,further insight about the formation,evolution and interaction characteristics of the unsteady vortex structures downstream of the lobed mixer/nozzle were also uncovered quantitatively in the present study.
基金support of the National Science and Technology Major Project,China(No.2019-II-0007-0027)the Defense Industrial Technology Development Program,China(No.JCKY2019605D001)+3 种基金the Advanced Jet Propulsion Creativity Center,Aero Engine Academy of China(No.HKCX2020-02-011)the Aeronautics Power Foundation,China(No.6141B09050383)the Science and Technology on Complex System Control and Intelligent Agent Cooperation Laboratory of China,the Jiangsu Funding Program for Excellent Postdoctoral Talent,China(No.2022ZB214)the China Postdoctoral Science Foundation。
文摘Bypass Dual Throat Nozzle(BDTN)is a novel type of fluidic thrust vectoring nozzle.To improve the infrared stealth performance of BDTN,a nozzle based on BDTN is proposed and numerically simulated.Each cross-section along the x-axis of the novel nozzle becomes a trapezoid,which is named“BDTN-TRA.”The main numerical simulation results show that BDTN-TRA can produce a thrust vectoring angle when the upper or lower bypass valve is open.The angle difference between the two conditions mentioned above is usually approximately 1°-2°.Even if the two bypasses are closed,BDTN-TRA can produce a small thrust vectoring angle at around 3°-5°.When the sidewall angle increases from 60°to 90°,the thrust coefficient and thrust vectoring angle under each work condition usually decrease.A larger aspect ratio indicates better performance.As the aspect ratio increases over 7.2,the performance of BDTN-TRA is quite close to that of BDTN with rectangular cross-sections at the same aspect ratio.These features will benefit the control and trimming for future aircraft design,especially for the flying wing layout aircraft.Last but not least,BDTN-TRA has a more extraordinary mixing performance compared with BDTN.The distributions of static temperature and axial velocity along the x-axis of BDTN-TRA with sidewall angle of 60°decrease faster than those of BDTN.When the total temperature of the inlet equals 1600 K,the static temperature difference between BDTN-TRA with sidewall angles of 60°and 90°is over 360 K at twice the length of the nozzle downstream of the nozzle exit,which is the reflection for excellent infrared stealth for the fighter.
文摘为研究水压和气压对一种造雪机喷嘴雾化性能的影响,文中采用流体仿真的方法,建立喷嘴的三维模型,对喷嘴流域进行简化处理,通过改变喷嘴气体和液体的入口压力,运用多相流中的volume of fluid(VOF)模型和realizable k-ε模型对双流体喷嘴内流场速度进行仿真分析。由于压缩空气增加了液膜的不稳定性,利用离散相模型(DPM模型)对喷嘴外流场进行模拟雾滴的雾化情况,比较不同气、液压强下雾滴的索特平均直径(D_(sm)),并对结果进行分析。研究结果表明,在液体压强相同的情况下,随着气压的增大,喷射出雾滴的D_(sm)会出现总体减小的趋势;在气体压强相同的情况下,随着水压的增大,外流场雾滴的D_(sm)随着水压的增大出现增大的趋势。雾滴的D_(sm)受气液压强比n的影响,当n=1~2时D_(sm)下降幅度最大,下降幅度达到65%;当n=2~6时D_(sm)下降幅度较小,下降幅度达到35%,当n=1.167时,D_(sm)达到最大值37.63μm;n=6时,SMD达到最小值18.61μm。
文摘锯齿形喷嘴被认为是一种有效而实用的射流噪声被动控制方法。采用大涡模拟与FW-H方程(Ffowcs Williams and Hawkings Equation)相结合的方法预测圆形喷口和锯齿型喷口的流场和远场噪声。分析锯齿的分布方式以及结构参数对降噪特性的影响。结果表明,尾喷管的射流核心区域温度较高,湍动能值较小,整个核心区域呈现锥形。锯齿型喷口可以有效抑制低频段喷流噪声;仅在内涵添加锯齿结构的喷口降噪效果最好,可以降低整个频段的噪声;齿数增加与切入角变化对降噪效果有一定影响。
文摘Dual throat nozzle (DTN) is fast becoming a popular technique for thrust vectoring. The DTN is designed with two throats, an upstream minimum and a downstream minimum at the nozzle exit, with a cavity in between the upstream throat and exit. In the present study, a computational work has been carried out to analyze the performance of a dual throat nozzle at various mass flow rates of secondary flow and nozzle pressure ratios (NPR). Two-dimensional, steady, compressible Navier-Stokes equations were solved using a fully implicit finite volume scheme. The present computational results were validated with available experimental data. Based on the present results, the control effectiveness of thrust-vectoring is discussed in terms of the thrust coefficient and the coefficient of discharge.
