The high reliability of the communication system is critical in metro and mining applications for personal safety,channel optimization,and improving operational performance.This paper surveys the progress of wireless ...The high reliability of the communication system is critical in metro and mining applications for personal safety,channel optimization,and improving operational performance.This paper surveys the progress of wireless communication systems in underground environments such as tunnels and mines from 1920 to 2022,including the evolution of primitive technology,advancements in channel modelling,and realization of various wireless propagation channels.In addition,the existing and advanced channel modeling strategies,which include the evolution of different technologies and their applications;mathematical,analytical,and experimental techniques for radio propagation;and significance of the radiation characteristics,antenna placement,and physical environment of multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)communication systems,are analyzed.The given study introduces leaky coaxial cable(LCX)and distributed antenna system(DAS)designs for improving narrowband and wideband channel capacity.The paper concludes by figuring out open research areas for the future technologies.展开更多
用有限差分法对漏泄同轴电缆的电容进行了计算。文中首先从 L aplace方程出发导出了漏缆横截面内电位的差分方程 ,给出了径向各分界面处的边界条件并进行了离散化 ,得到了电容和特性阻抗的计算式。然后对该方法的计算精度以及人为设置...用有限差分法对漏泄同轴电缆的电容进行了计算。文中首先从 L aplace方程出发导出了漏缆横截面内电位的差分方程 ,给出了径向各分界面处的边界条件并进行了离散化 ,得到了电容和特性阻抗的计算式。然后对该方法的计算精度以及人为设置的外边界对计算结果的影响进行了讨论 ,给出了电容收敛曲线。展开更多
文摘The high reliability of the communication system is critical in metro and mining applications for personal safety,channel optimization,and improving operational performance.This paper surveys the progress of wireless communication systems in underground environments such as tunnels and mines from 1920 to 2022,including the evolution of primitive technology,advancements in channel modelling,and realization of various wireless propagation channels.In addition,the existing and advanced channel modeling strategies,which include the evolution of different technologies and their applications;mathematical,analytical,and experimental techniques for radio propagation;and significance of the radiation characteristics,antenna placement,and physical environment of multiple-input multiple-output(MIMO)communication systems,are analyzed.The given study introduces leaky coaxial cable(LCX)and distributed antenna system(DAS)designs for improving narrowband and wideband channel capacity.The paper concludes by figuring out open research areas for the future technologies.