The growth of AIV is possible with supply of minerals from aeolian desert dust, as cofactors of enzymes, and thus the blockage of the aeolian desert dusts to the poultry farmhouse is important to suppress the enzymati...The growth of AIV is possible with supply of minerals from aeolian desert dust, as cofactors of enzymes, and thus the blockage of the aeolian desert dusts to the poultry farmhouse is important to suppress the enzymatic activity of AIV. South Georgia of Subantarctic Islands may be the source of Continental AIV, so that Continental AIV can become endemic within the local bird population when surrounding environments are close to Subantarctica of South Georgia. There are food webs in sequence of aquatic virus, bacteria, phytoplankton, zooplankton, krill, fish and squid while penguins feed on the fish or squid infected by mutant virus to generate LPAI after an incubation period. When migratory birds move to the Continents, HPAI can spread in the Continents due to low UV-B radiation, enough feed of rice, wheat, corn, wetland, and mineral-enriched desert dust. The clean room is equipped with air washers to remove aeolian dusts and migratory birds feces from working personnel and equipments, heaters to keep the pasteurisation of ultra-high temperature at 135°C for 1 - 2 seconds to inactivate AIV, humidifier to keep wet state above 65% relative humidity for weak virus activity, and the UV-C lamps (254 nm) to finally inactivate AIV. Since AIV doesn’t like the high salinity and high relative humidity, seawater is blanketed as sprayer to maintain high salinity (>20 ppt) and high relative humidity (>65%) from the top to the bottom of the poultry farmhouses for suppression of AIV transmission from infected aeolian dust coming from outside.展开更多
采用ANDERSEN-6级空气微生物样品收集器和RCS离心式采样器在山东泰安4个鸡场舍内空气、舍外环境上风向10、50m和下风向10、50、100、200、400m不同距离处收集金黄色葡萄球菌，计算每个采样点的金黄色葡萄球菌浓度；与此同时，收集鸡的...采用ANDERSEN-6级空气微生物样品收集器和RCS离心式采样器在山东泰安4个鸡场舍内空气、舍外环境上风向10、50m和下风向10、50、100、200、400m不同距离处收集金黄色葡萄球菌，计算每个采样点的金黄色葡萄球菌浓度；与此同时，收集鸡的粪便，分离金黄色葡萄球菌。利用金黄色葡萄球菌DNA基因外重复一致回文序列聚合酶链式反应（Repetitive extragenic palindromic elements PCR，REP—PCR）鉴定技术，扩增不同测量点和粪便分离的金黄色葡萄球菌的DNA图谱。通过每个采样点的金黄色葡萄球菌的浓度变化以及金黄色葡萄球菌遗传相似性分析确认动物舍微生物气溶胶向舍外环境的传播。结果显示：4个鸡场舍内空气中金黄色葡萄球菌的浓度远远高于舍外上风和下风向的金黄色葡萄球菌浓度（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），但是舍外下风不同距离间的金黄色葡萄球菌浓度差异并不显著（P〉0．05）。REP-PCR结果表明，从鸡的粪便中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌与从舍内空气中分离的部分金黄色葡萄球菌（38．7％）相似性可达100％，从鸡场舍外下风方向分离到的多数金黄色葡萄球菌（55．9％）与舍内空气或粪便中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌相似性可达100％。可见，它们分别是由粪便中遗传基因完全相同的菌株繁殖而来。而从鸡舍上风分离到的金黄色葡萄球菌与舍内空气或粪便中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌相似性仅在60％～87％。结果显示，鸡粪便中的金黄色葡萄球菌能够形成气溶胶，进入气悬状态，不仅能在舍内传播，而且还能够借助舍内外气体交换，传播到舍外下风一定的距离。从而说明，来自动物体的金黄色葡萄球菌既能污染舍内空气，对本舍鸡群构成传染威胁，又能传播一定的距离，对周边社区环境空气造成生物污染。展开更多
文摘The growth of AIV is possible with supply of minerals from aeolian desert dust, as cofactors of enzymes, and thus the blockage of the aeolian desert dusts to the poultry farmhouse is important to suppress the enzymatic activity of AIV. South Georgia of Subantarctic Islands may be the source of Continental AIV, so that Continental AIV can become endemic within the local bird population when surrounding environments are close to Subantarctica of South Georgia. There are food webs in sequence of aquatic virus, bacteria, phytoplankton, zooplankton, krill, fish and squid while penguins feed on the fish or squid infected by mutant virus to generate LPAI after an incubation period. When migratory birds move to the Continents, HPAI can spread in the Continents due to low UV-B radiation, enough feed of rice, wheat, corn, wetland, and mineral-enriched desert dust. The clean room is equipped with air washers to remove aeolian dusts and migratory birds feces from working personnel and equipments, heaters to keep the pasteurisation of ultra-high temperature at 135°C for 1 - 2 seconds to inactivate AIV, humidifier to keep wet state above 65% relative humidity for weak virus activity, and the UV-C lamps (254 nm) to finally inactivate AIV. Since AIV doesn’t like the high salinity and high relative humidity, seawater is blanketed as sprayer to maintain high salinity (>20 ppt) and high relative humidity (>65%) from the top to the bottom of the poultry farmhouses for suppression of AIV transmission from infected aeolian dust coming from outside.
文摘采用ANDERSEN-6级空气微生物样品收集器和RCS离心式采样器在山东泰安4个鸡场舍内空气、舍外环境上风向10、50m和下风向10、50、100、200、400m不同距离处收集金黄色葡萄球菌，计算每个采样点的金黄色葡萄球菌浓度；与此同时，收集鸡的粪便，分离金黄色葡萄球菌。利用金黄色葡萄球菌DNA基因外重复一致回文序列聚合酶链式反应（Repetitive extragenic palindromic elements PCR，REP—PCR）鉴定技术，扩增不同测量点和粪便分离的金黄色葡萄球菌的DNA图谱。通过每个采样点的金黄色葡萄球菌的浓度变化以及金黄色葡萄球菌遗传相似性分析确认动物舍微生物气溶胶向舍外环境的传播。结果显示：4个鸡场舍内空气中金黄色葡萄球菌的浓度远远高于舍外上风和下风向的金黄色葡萄球菌浓度（P〈0．05或P〈0．01），但是舍外下风不同距离间的金黄色葡萄球菌浓度差异并不显著（P〉0．05）。REP-PCR结果表明，从鸡的粪便中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌与从舍内空气中分离的部分金黄色葡萄球菌（38．7％）相似性可达100％，从鸡场舍外下风方向分离到的多数金黄色葡萄球菌（55．9％）与舍内空气或粪便中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌相似性可达100％。可见，它们分别是由粪便中遗传基因完全相同的菌株繁殖而来。而从鸡舍上风分离到的金黄色葡萄球菌与舍内空气或粪便中分离的金黄色葡萄球菌相似性仅在60％～87％。结果显示，鸡粪便中的金黄色葡萄球菌能够形成气溶胶，进入气悬状态，不仅能在舍内传播，而且还能够借助舍内外气体交换，传播到舍外下风一定的距离。从而说明，来自动物体的金黄色葡萄球菌既能污染舍内空气，对本舍鸡群构成传染威胁，又能传播一定的距离，对周边社区环境空气造成生物污染。
