Signal timing optimization model based on dual-ring phase scheme for roundabout

A signal optimization model for roundabout was control concept were used to eliminate the conflict points proposed based on dual-ring scheme and two stop lines for left turns and weaving sections at a roundabout. A cycle length minimization problem was considered to generate optimal signal timings for roundabout, and a set of constraints to ensure feasibility and safety of the resulting optimal signal settings were proposed. Extensive experimental analyses in comparison with signalized intersection reveal that the proposed model is quite promising for application in design of roundabout signals, and the minimum cycle length can decrease from 186 s to 79 s while the capacity increases from 8 682 pcu/h to 9 011 pcu/h under high demand scenario. Sensitivity analysis with respect to the system performance show that the lane assignment plan, number of circulatory lanes and left turn ratio are three critical factors which have dominate impacts on performance of signalized roundabout

Number-Phase Quantization Scheme for L-C Circuit

For a mesoscopic L-C circuit,besides the Louisell's quantization scheme in which electric charge q andelectric current I are respectively quantized as the coordinate operator Q and momentum operator P,in this paperwe propose a new quantization scheme in the context of number-phase quantization through the standard Lagrangianformalism.The comparison between this number-phase quantization with the Josephson junction's Cooper pair number-phase-difference quantization scheme is made.

Velocity Projection with Upwind Scheme Based on the Discontinuous Galerkin Methods for the Two Phase Flow Problem

The upwind scheme is very important in the numerical approximation of some problems such as the convection dominated problem, the two-phase flow problem, and so on. For the fractional flow formulation of the two-phase flow problem, the Penalty Discontinuous Galerkin (PDG) methods combined with the upwind scheme are usually used to solve the phase pressure equation. In this case, unless the upwind scheme is taken into consideration in the velocity reconstruction, the local mass balance cannot hold exactly. In this paper, we present a scheme of velocity reconstruction in some H(div) spaces with considering the upwind scheme totally. Furthermore, the different ways to calculate the nonlinear coefficients may have distinct and significant effects, which have been investigated by some authors. We propose a new algorithm to obtain a more effective and stable approximation of the coefficients under the consideration of the upwind scheme.

A PHASE SCRAMBLING SCHEME FOR SUPPRESSION OF PEAK TO AVERAGE POWER RATIO FOR OFDM

The complex-valued modulating vectors for the subcarriers consist of two kinds of components: One is the information-bearing components superposed with pseudo-randomized phases and the other is the suppression components with specified scrambling phases. The pseudo randomized phases are generated according to the predefined polynomial and mapping function whereas the scrambling phases are from a gradient algorithm. The simulation results verify the rationality and validity of the phase scrambling.

High Order Relaxation Schemes on Phase Transition Equations

Formal analysis of the bubble phenomena of the second order relaxation scheme is presented when this method is applied to phase transition equations. The reason of oscillations is that the second order scheme can’t find the discontinuities on the phase boundary. Based on this realization, a second order relaxation scheme is derived to eliminate it. This new method finds all components and characteristic discontinuities, thus the phase boundary is found exactly. The difference of presented new method and the well-known Nessyahu-Tadmor(NT) scheme is also studied. From the numerical experiment, the new derived scheme is shown much better to compute the phase transition equations.

统计学与动力学方法结合的渭河上游干旱研究

为更加准确地识别和预测干旱事件,以林家村水文站1960—2020年长系列日径流数据为基础,将统计学和动力学方法相结合,分别计算水文干旱概率P、径流分维数D_(2)、径流李雅普诺夫指数LE等参数,并建立D_(2)-P,LE-P函数关系,从混沌动力学角度求解干旱概率;由径流Z指数序列重构相空间,并在相空间中对未来干旱事件进行预测。研究结果表明:统计参数P与混沌参数D_(2)、LE具有较好的线性关系,回归方程的决定系数R^(2)值分别为0.93和0.83;在预测区间内,混沌预报模型预测2021年的径流Z指数为1.69,其对应的水文干旱状态为“无旱”,该结论与实际水文情势相吻合,预测效果良好。研究方案可为干旱理论提供一种新的借鉴。

单相VSC系统宽频阻抗测量装置保护方案研究

宽频阻抗测量装置在获取单相VSC系统的阻抗特性中发挥着重要作用,由于阻抗测量装置需要接入系统进行能量交换,其自身应当具备合理的故障保护措施来保障装置和系统的运行安全。针对单相VSC系统阻抗测量装置的故障保护策略尚不完善,提出了一种单相VSC系统阻抗测量装置的故障保护方案。首先,选择了基于背靠背变流器结构的阻抗测量装置来研究保护策略;其次,分析了背靠背阻抗测量装置的特点及其对保护配置产生的影响,设计了适用于装置的保护方案;最后,基于Matlab/Simulink平台,通过几种典型的短路故障情形验证了所提出装置保护方案的可行性与有效性。

高速铁路10 kV变配电所馈线保护方式优化研究

铁路10 kV变配电所地方进线电源一般为中性点不接地系统。高速铁路变配电所内的馈线、贯通线多为全电缆线路,发生单相接地故障后,馈线电缆零序保护不跳闸只报警,允许故障馈线带故障运行。然而,电力电缆的绝缘裕度比架空线路的绝缘裕度小得多,承受过电压的能力低,一旦发生单相接地故障,易引起永久性的绝缘击穿,进而发展成为相间故障,使故障范围扩大。本文提出高速铁路变配电所故障馈线小电流选线方法,可准确判断出发生电缆单相接地故障的馈线,避免故障扩大。对于高阻接地故障,提出了采用基于暂态量的综合选线方法,除比对故障和非故障线路的零序电流幅值和相位,还利用暂态无功功率方向进行准确选线。

相变蓄冷材料研究进展

相变蓄冷材料具有储能密度高、相变温度可控、循环稳定性强的优点,成为目前最有发展前景的储能方式。文章对现有的相变蓄冷材料进行了分类,总结了不同类型材料的优缺点,重点介绍了国内外学者在固-液相变方面的研究进展,罗列了各种材料的热物性和化学特性,对其在医疗冷链、建筑制冷、生鲜冷冻等具体应用中的研究进行了阐述。在此基础上,针对目前相变蓄冷材料存在的导热率低、腐蚀性强、易泄漏和过冷度大等问题,文章提出相应的解决方案并阐述改善机理,对相变蓄冷材料的未来发展进行了展望。

Z型g-C_(3)N_(4)/WO_(3)•H_(2)O的制备及其光催化CO_(2)还原性能

以石墨相氮化碳(g-C_(3)N_(4))和二水合钨酸钠为原料,采用水热合成法制备了复合材料g-C_(3)N_(4)/WO_(3)•H_(2)O(CNW-1),通过XRD、XPS、SEM、TEM对其进行了表征,探究了298 K、0.1 MPa条件下其对CO_(2)的可见光催化还原性能,并提出了可能的反应机理。通过调控WO_(3)结晶水含量可以实现CO和CH4的产率调节,在反应10 h后,CNW-1具有最高的CH4产率(0.33μmol/g),而g-C_(3)N_(4)/WO_(3)(CNW)具有最高的CO产率(0.67μmol/g)。该研究为CO_(2)选择性还原为C1化合物提供了一种有效策略,同时突出了以g-C_(3)N_(4)作为半导体构建Z型光催化体系在催化领域的应用潜力。

方案设计阶段建筑碳排放计算与低碳性评估

“双碳”目标下,降低建筑领域的碳排放迫在眉睫。提出了建筑低碳性评估的基本思路,阐述了建筑低碳性评估的意义,分析了建筑全生命周期碳排放各组成成分;依据碳排放计算的基本公式,结合方案设计阶段建筑方案的数据条件,提出了方案设计阶段建筑全生命周期碳排放各组成成分的计算方法,并研究了建立以碳排放强度为主要评估指标的建筑低碳性评估方法。该方法可用于指导、优化建筑的方案设计,从源头助力控制和减少建筑的碳排放。

某燃机电厂发电机改调相机可行性研究

某燃机电厂为适应“双碳”目标下的行业发展形势,积极响应火电机组因地制宜开展增加调相功能改造的政策导向,为系统提供更为灵活的优质动态无功支撑,提出在保留原有发电能力的基础上,增加调相机功能,并通过拆装发电机与燃机之间的联轴器,完成发电和调相机2种运行模式的切换。基于此开展可行性研究,详细阐述了改造背景,对可改造容量进行核算,并给出了具体改造方案。

便携式多生理参数检测仪的设计

为了检测人体的电阻抗、血氧、心率和体温等生理参数,设计一种头戴式的多功能便携检测仪。该设备针对现有阻抗检测设备的激励频率范围窄、精度不足和检测耗时长等问题进行优化:采用四电极阻抗检测方案,通过直接数字频率合成器和Howland电流源生成正弦激励电流流经人体,使用ADI公司的AD8302增益相位检波器芯片和配套算法计算得到人体电阻抗的幅值和相位,有效提高检测的准确性和效率。为了进一步减小系统误差,设计模拟开关电路并配合高精度采样电阻和相移电容实现系统参数的自校准。实验结果表明,在10 kHz~1 MHz的检测频率范围内,阻抗幅值和相位的平均检测误差分别小于0.5%和0.59°,最大检测误差分别小于1.54%和1.38°,显示出比基于TI公司AFE4300芯片的阻抗检测方案更优的性能。此外,设备还整合了血氧、心率和体温的检测模块。人体实验验证了其在准确和有效检测多种生理参数方面的优越性。

对冬季云贵—华南准静止锋上一次多相态降水过程的模拟研究

云贵—华南准静止锋使其以北地区成为研究冬季雨雪过渡区内不同降水相态的理想平台。通过对2018年1月25—27日南方凝冻天气过程中天气学和云微物理参数的分析,定性探讨了次冻结层的温度与冰核活化温度对不同降水相态形成的影响,进而利用耦合BTC降水相态诊断方案(简称“BTC方案”)的WRF(Weather Research and Forecasting)模式,对本次凝冻天气的降水相态、冻雨发生区域与冻雨量进行数值模拟。结果表明:横贯云贵高原和南岭地区的准静止锋导致的锋前“冷—暖—冷”的温度垂直结构有利于多相态降水的形成。耦合BTC方案的WRF模式可模拟出不同降水相态落区的空间分布,其模拟冻雨落区时空分布与观测基本一致,但冰粒的空报率非常高。分析WRF模式模拟的多相态降水时温度、相对湿度和水成物的垂直分布特征,云内水成物初始相态为液态,在高空逆温层存在的前提下,次冻结层中冰核活化温度是区分冻雨和冰粒的临界指标且具有明确的物理机制。利用次冻结层中的冰核活化温度来代替BTC方案中有关冻雨和冰粒的判据后,冻雨落区预报准确率较BTC方案提高了13%,表明直接利用次冻结层的冰核活化温度判断冻雨可行。

基于双主动全桥双向DC/DC变换器的混合单移相调制方案

对双主动全桥DAB(dual active bridge)双向DC/DC变换器的调制方案进行了研究,DAB变换器的主要优势在于具有对称结构、双向潮流能力、宽软开关区域和灵活的控制能力等特点。控制这种拓扑结构最简单的方法是通过控制变换器原副边全桥之间的移相角来控制功率传输的方向和大小。然而在轻载条件下,当变换器的输入或输出电压变化较大时,会产生大量的无功功率,同时部分开关管的零电压开关ZVS(zero voltage switching)操作会丢失而直接导致转换效率变低。因此,为了提高DAB变换器的效率,提出了一种混合单移相调制PSM(phase shift modulation)方案,在保持控制简单的基础上,通过减小电感电流有效值,扩大软开关的范围,提高了变换器的效率。首先,通过让拓展移相EPS(extended phase shift)、双移相DPS(dual phase shift)以及三移相TPS(triple phase shift)调制方案中的可控变量相等,从而形成了4种不同的PSM方案。接着,对这些调制方案进行了稳态特征的比较分析,包括传输功率容量、电感电流水平以及软开关性能等。在此基础上,提出了一种混合PSM方案。最后,通过搭建实验平台验证了所提出调制方案的有效性和正确性。

Demonstration of a Sub-Sampling Phase Lock Loop Based Microwave Source for Reducing Dick Effect in Atomic Clocks

We demonstrate a simple scheme of 6.835 GHz microwave source based on the sub-sampling phase lock loop(PLL). A dielectric resonant oscillator of 6.8 GHz is directly phase locked to an ultra-low phase noise 100 MHz oven controlled crystal oscillator(OCXO) utilizing the sub-sampling PLL. Then the 6.8 GHz is mixed with 35 MHz from an direct digital synthesizer(DDS) which is also referenced to the 100 MHZ OCXO to generate the final6.835 GHz signal. Benefiting from the sub-sampling PLL, the processes of frequency multiplication, which are usually necessary in the development of a microwave source, are greatly simplified. The architecture of the microwave source is pretty simple. Correspondingly, its power consumption and cost are low. The absolute phase noises of the 6.835 GHz output signal are-47 d Bc/Hz,-77 dBc/Hz,-104 dBc/Hz and-121 dBc/Hz at1 Hz, 10 Hz, 100 Hz and 1 kHz offset frequencies, respectively. The frequency stability limited by the phase noise through the Dick effect is theoretically estimated to be better than 5.0 × 10^-14τ^1/2 when it is used as the local oscillator of the Rb atomic clocks. This low phase noise microwave source can also be used in other experiments of precision measurement physics.

Structure-preserving properties of Strmer-Verlet scheme for mathematical pendulum

The structure-preserving property, in both the time domain and the frequency domain, is an important index for evaluating validity of a numerical method. Even in the known structure-preserving methods such as the symplectic method, the inherent conser- vation law in the frequency domain is hardly conserved. By considering a mathematical pendulum model, a Stormer-Verlet scheme is first constructed in a Hamiltonian frame- work. The conservation law of the StSrmer-Verlet scheme is derived, including the total energy expressed in the time domain and periodicity in the frequency domain. To track the structure-preserving properties of the Stormer-Verlet scheme associated with the con- servation law, the motion of the mathematical pendulum is simulated with different time step lengths. The numerical results illustrate that the StSrmer-Verlet scheme can preserve the total energy of the model but cannot preserve periodicity at all. A phase correction is performed for the StSrmer-Verlet scheme. The results imply that the phase correction can improve the conservative property of periodicity of the Stormer-Verlet scheme.

Numerical method for simulating rarefaction shocks in the approximation of phase-flip hydrodynamics

A finite-difference algorithm is proposed for numerical modeling of hydrodynamic flows with rarefaction shocks, in which the fluid undergoes a jump-like liquid-gas phase transition. This new type of flow discontinuity, unexplored so far in computational fluid dynamics, arises in the approximation of phase-flip(PF) hydrodynamics, where a highly dynamic fluid is allowed to reach the innermost limit of metastability at the spinodal, upon which an instantaneous relaxation to the full phase equilibrium(EQ) is assumed. A new element in the proposed method is artificial kinetics of the phase transition, represented by an artificial relaxation term in the energy equation for a "hidden"component of the internal energy, temporarily withdrawn from the fluid at the moment of the PF transition. When combined with an appropriate variant of artificial viscosity in the Lagrangian framework, the latter ensures convergence to exact discontinuous solutions, which is demonstrated with several test cases.

Discovering Phase Field Models from Image Data with the Pseudo-Spectral Physics Informed Neural Networks

In this paper,we introduce a new deep learning framework for discovering the phase-field models from existing image data.The new framework embraces the approximation power of physics informed neural networks(PINNs)and the computational efficiency of the pseudo-spectral methods,which we named pseudo-spectral PINN or SPINN.Unlike the baseline PINN,the pseudo-spectral PINN has several advantages.First of all,it requires less training data.A minimum of two temporal snapshots with uniform spatial resolution would be adequate.Secondly,it is computationally efficient,as the pseudo-spectral method is used for spatial discretization.Thirdly,it requires less trainable parameters compared with the baseline PINN,which significantly simplifies the training process and potentially assures fewer local minima or saddle points.We illustrate the effectiveness of pseudo-spectral PINN through several numerical examples.The newly proposed pseudo-spectral PINN is rather general,and it can be readily applied to discover other FDE-based models from image data.

EVOLUTION FILTRATION PROBLEMS WITH SEAWATER INTRUSION: TWO-PHASE FLOW DUAL MIXED VARIATIONAL ANALYSIS

Tow-phase flow mixed variational formulations of evolution filtration problems with seawater intrusion are analyzed. A dual mixed fractional flow velocity-pressure model is considered with an air-fresh water and a fresh water-seawater characterization. For analysis and computational purposes, spatial decompositions based on nonoverlapping multidomains, above and below the sea level, are variationally introduced with internal boundary fluxes dualized as weak transmission constraints. Further, parallel augmented and exactly penalized duality algorithms, and proximation semi-implicit time marching schemes, are established and analyzed.