The purpose of this article is to show that a neutron can have excited states. The well known characteristic feature of the Bohr atom is that its electron shell can exist in a stable ground state or in various excited...The purpose of this article is to show that a neutron can have excited states. The well known characteristic feature of the Bohr atom is that its electron shell can exist in a stable ground state or in various excited states. These states differ by integer numbers of de Broglie waves filled in their electronic orbits. Considering neutron to be an analog of the Bohn atom [1] differing in relativistic nature of its electron, a question arises on a possibility for neutron to have similar excited states. The calculations of the properties of these states show that two hyperons Λ0 and ∑0 which are usually considered as elementary particles, are excited states of neutron.展开更多
Using the method based on Random Matrix Theory （RMT）, the results for the nearest-neighbor distributions obtained from the experimental data on ^12C-C collisions at 4.2 AGeV/c have been discussed and compared with t...Using the method based on Random Matrix Theory （RMT）, the results for the nearest-neighbor distributions obtained from the experimental data on ^12C-C collisions at 4.2 AGeV/c have been discussed and compared with the simulated data on ^12C-C collisions at 4.2 AGeV/c produced with the aid of the Dubna Cascade Model. The results show that the correlation of secondary particles decreases with an increasing number of charged particles Nch. These observed changes in the nearest-neighbor distributions of charged particles could be associated with the centrality variation of the collisions.展开更多
The behavior of relativistic hadron multiplicity for 4He-nucleus interactions is investigated. The experi- ment is carried out at 2.1 A and 3.7 A GeV （Dubna energy） to search for the incident energy effect on the in...The behavior of relativistic hadron multiplicity for 4He-nucleus interactions is investigated. The experi- ment is carried out at 2.1 A and 3.7 A GeV （Dubna energy） to search for the incident energy effect on the interactions inside different emulsion target nuclei. Data are presented in terms of the number of emitted relativistic hadrons in both forward and backward angular zones. The dependence on the target size is presented. For this purpose the statistical events are discriminated into groups according to the interactions with H, CNO, Em, and AgBr target nuclei. The separation of events, into the mentioned groups, is executed based on Glauber＇s multiple scattering theory approach. Features suggestive of a decay mechanism seem to be a characteristic of the backward emission of relativistic hadrons. The results strongly support the assumption that the relativistic hadrons may already be emitted during the de-excitation of the excited target nucleus, in a behavior like that of compound-nucleus disintegration. Regarding the limiting fragmentation hypothesis beyond 1 A GeV, the target size is the main parameter affecting the backward production of the relativistic hadron. The incident energy is a principal factor responsible for the forward relativistic hadron production, implying that this system of particle production is a creation system. However, the target size is an effective parameter as well as the projectile size considering the geometrical concept regarded in the nuclear fireball model. The data are analyzed in the framework of the FRITIOF model.展开更多
Multiparticle azimuthal correlations in central nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energy are described by a simple formula. The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental data of carbon and oxygen indu...Multiparticle azimuthal correlations in central nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energy are described by a simple formula. The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental data of carbon and oxygen induced interactions at Dubna energy. The comparison between the calculated results and experimental data shows that particles are emitted isotropically in the rest frame of the emission sources, and the emission sources have movements in momentum space.展开更多
Abstract： In this comprehensive study the multiplicity characteristics of the backward emitted relativistic hadron （shower particle） through hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus are overviewed in three dimensions. Th...Abstract： In this comprehensive study the multiplicity characteristics of the backward emitted relativistic hadron （shower particle） through hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus are overviewed in three dimensions. These dimensions are the projectile size, target size, and energy. To confirm the universality in this production system, wide ranges of system size and energy （Elab～2.1 A up to 200 A GeV） are used. The multiplicity characteristics of this hadron imply a limiting behavior with respect to the projectile size and energy. The target size is the main effective parameter in this production system. The exponential decay shapes is a characteristic feature of the backward shower particle multiplicity distributions. The decay constant changes with the target size to be nearly 2.02, 1.41, and 1.12 for the interactions with CNO, Era, and AgBr nuclei, respectively, irrespective of the projectile size and energy. While the backward production probability and average multiplicity are constants at different projectile sizes and energies, they can be correlated with the target size in power law relations.展开更多
文摘The purpose of this article is to show that a neutron can have excited states. The well known characteristic feature of the Bohr atom is that its electron shell can exist in a stable ground state or in various excited states. These states differ by integer numbers of de Broglie waves filled in their electronic orbits. Considering neutron to be an analog of the Bohn atom [1] differing in relativistic nature of its electron, a question arises on a possibility for neutron to have similar excited states. The calculations of the properties of these states show that two hyperons Λ0 and ∑0 which are usually considered as elementary particles, are excited states of neutron.
文摘Using the method based on Random Matrix Theory （RMT）, the results for the nearest-neighbor distributions obtained from the experimental data on ^12C-C collisions at 4.2 AGeV/c have been discussed and compared with the simulated data on ^12C-C collisions at 4.2 AGeV/c produced with the aid of the Dubna Cascade Model. The results show that the correlation of secondary particles decreases with an increasing number of charged particles Nch. These observed changes in the nearest-neighbor distributions of charged particles could be associated with the centrality variation of the collisions.
文摘The behavior of relativistic hadron multiplicity for 4He-nucleus interactions is investigated. The experi- ment is carried out at 2.1 A and 3.7 A GeV （Dubna energy） to search for the incident energy effect on the interactions inside different emulsion target nuclei. Data are presented in terms of the number of emitted relativistic hadrons in both forward and backward angular zones. The dependence on the target size is presented. For this purpose the statistical events are discriminated into groups according to the interactions with H, CNO, Em, and AgBr target nuclei. The separation of events, into the mentioned groups, is executed based on Glauber＇s multiple scattering theory approach. Features suggestive of a decay mechanism seem to be a characteristic of the backward emission of relativistic hadrons. The results strongly support the assumption that the relativistic hadrons may already be emitted during the de-excitation of the excited target nucleus, in a behavior like that of compound-nucleus disintegration. Regarding the limiting fragmentation hypothesis beyond 1 A GeV, the target size is the main parameter affecting the backward production of the relativistic hadron. The incident energy is a principal factor responsible for the forward relativistic hadron production, implying that this system of particle production is a creation system. However, the target size is an effective parameter as well as the projectile size considering the geometrical concept regarded in the nuclear fireball model. The data are analyzed in the framework of the FRITIOF model.
基金Supported by National Natural Science Foundation of China (10975095) Natural Science Foundation of Shanxi Province(2007011005)
文摘Multiparticle azimuthal correlations in central nucleus-nucleus collisions at high energy are described by a simple formula. The calculated results are in agreement with the experimental data of carbon and oxygen induced interactions at Dubna energy. The comparison between the calculated results and experimental data shows that particles are emitted isotropically in the rest frame of the emission sources, and the emission sources have movements in momentum space.
文摘Abstract： In this comprehensive study the multiplicity characteristics of the backward emitted relativistic hadron （shower particle） through hadron-nucleus and nucleus-nucleus are overviewed in three dimensions. These dimensions are the projectile size, target size, and energy. To confirm the universality in this production system, wide ranges of system size and energy （Elab～2.1 A up to 200 A GeV） are used. The multiplicity characteristics of this hadron imply a limiting behavior with respect to the projectile size and energy. The target size is the main effective parameter in this production system. The exponential decay shapes is a characteristic feature of the backward shower particle multiplicity distributions. The decay constant changes with the target size to be nearly 2.02, 1.41, and 1.12 for the interactions with CNO, Era, and AgBr nuclei, respectively, irrespective of the projectile size and energy. While the backward production probability and average multiplicity are constants at different projectile sizes and energies, they can be correlated with the target size in power law relations.
