BACKGROUND Life expectancy in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD)has improved due to advances in medical care.DMD patients develop progressive spinal deformity after loss of ambulatory function and onset of...BACKGROUND Life expectancy in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD)has improved due to advances in medical care.DMD patients develop progressive spinal deformity after loss of ambulatory function and onset of wheelchair dependence for mobility.There is limited published data on the effect of spinal deformity correction on long-term functional outcomes,quality of life(QoL),and satisfaction in DMD patients.AIM To investigate the long-term functional outcomes following spinal deformity correction in DMD patients.METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study from 2000-2022.Data was collected from hospital records and radiographs.At follow-up,patients completed the muscular dystrophy spine questionnaire(MDSQ).Statistical analysis was performed by linear regression analysis and ANOVA to analyse clinical and radiographic factors significantly associated with MDSQ scores.RESULTS Forty-three patients were included with mean age 14.4 years at surgery.Spinopelvic fusion was performed in 41.9%of patients.Mean surgical time was 352.1 min and mean blood loss was 36%of estimated total blood volume.Mean hospital stay was 14.1 d.Postoperative complications occurred in 25.6%of patients.Mean preoperative scoliosis was 58°,pelvic obliquity 16.4°,thoracic kyphosis 55.8°,lumbar lordosis 11.1°,coronal balance 3.8 cm,and sagittal balance+6.1 cm.Mean surgical correction of scoliosis was 79.2%and of pelvic obliquity was 80.8%.Mean follow-up was 10.9 years(range:2-22.5).Twenty-four patients had died at follow-up.Sixteen patients completed the MDSQ at mean age 25.4 years(range 15.2-37.3).Two patients were bed-ridden and 7 were on ventilatory support.Mean MDSQ total score was 38.1.All 16 patients were satisfied with the results of spinal surgery and would choose surgery again if offered.Most patients(87.5%)reported no severe back pain at follow-up.Factors significantly associated with functional outcomes(MDSQ total score)included greater duration of post-operative follow-up,age,scoliosis postoperatively,correction of scoliosis,increased lumbar lordosis postoperatively,and greater age at loss of independent ambulation.CONCLUSION Spinal deformity correction in DMD patients leads to positive long-term effects on QoL and high patient satisfaction.These results support spinal deformity correction to improve long-term QoL in DMD patients.展开更多
Background:To determine the effectiveness of resistive range of motion exercises in improving muscle strength and functional abilities in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.The study was also aimed to determine if resistive ...Background:To determine the effectiveness of resistive range of motion exercises in improving muscle strength and functional abilities in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.The study was also aimed to determine if resistive range of motion exercises can slow down the progression of the disease.Methods:A seven-year-old male child was diagnosed with Duchenne muscle dystrophy presented to outpatient physiotherapy clinic.The patient was presented with difficulty in stair climbing,sitting up from the floor,fatigue,and muscle weakness specifically weakness in the proximal limb muscles.The progressive resistive range of motion training was implemented for four years to improve muscle strength and functional abilities.The medical research council grading scale,north ambulatory assessment scale,and creatine kinase were used to evaluate muscle strength,functional abilities,and creatine kinase levels.Results:The muscular strength and functional abilities did not improve after four years of exercise training.The creatine kinase levels were decreased over the period of four years.Conclusion:Resistive range of motion exercises are helpful in maintaining the muscular strength and functional abilities in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.展开更多
Quantitative magnetic resonance image(MRI)in individual muscles may be useful for monitoring disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD).The purpose of this study w批to measure丁2 relaxation time of thigh ...Quantitative magnetic resonance image(MRI)in individual muscles may be useful for monitoring disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD).The purpose of this study w批to measure丁2 relaxation time of thigh muscles in children with DMD and healthy boys,and to correlate the T2 relaxation time of muscles with the fat fraction(FF)at quantitative magnetic resonance and results of clinical assessment.Thirty-two boys with DMD and 18 healthy boys were evaluated with T2 mapping and three-point Dixon MRI.Age,body mass index(BMI),muscle strength assessment,timed functional tests(time to walk or run 10 metres,rise from the floor and ascend four stairs),and the North Star Ambulatory Assessment(NSAA)were evaluated.Spearman’s correlation was used to assess the relationships between FF and clinical assessments and T2 relaxation time.The mean T2 relaxation time of thigh muscles in DMD was significantly longer than that in the control group(P<0.05),except for the gracilis(P=0.952).The gracilis,sartorius and adductor longus were relatively spared by fatty infiltration in DMD patients.The T2 relaxation time was correlated significantly with the mean FF in all muscles.Age,BMI,total muscle strength score,timed functional tests and NSAA were significantly correlated with the overall mean T2 relaxation time.T2 mapping may prove clinically useful in monitoring muscle changes as a result of the disease process and in predicting the outcome of DMD patients.展开更多
OBJECTIVE： To identify global research trends in stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy using a bibliometric analysis of Web of Science. DATA RETRIEVAL： We performed a bibliometric analys...OBJECTIVE： To identify global research trends in stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy using a bibliometric analysis of Web of Science. DATA RETRIEVAL： We performed a bibliometric analysis of studies on stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy from 2002 to 2011 retrieved from Web of Science. SELECTION CRITERIA： Inclusion criteria： （a） peer-reviewed published articles on stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy indexed in Web of Science; （b） original research articles, reviews, meeting abstracts, proceedings papers, book chapters, editorial material, and news items; and （c） publication between 2002 and 2011. Exclusion criteria： （a） articles that required manual searching or telephone access; （b） documents that were not published in the public domain; and （c） corrected papers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1）Annual publication output; （2） distribution according to subject areas; （3） distribution according to journals; （4） distribution according to country; （5） distribution according to institution; （6） distribution according to institution in China; （7） distribution according to institution that cooperated with Chinese institutions; （8） top-cited articles from 2002 to 2006; （9） top-cited articles from 2007 to 2011. RESULTS： A total of 318 publications on stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy were retrieved from Web of Science from 2002 to 2011, of which almost half derived from American authors and institutes. The number of publications has gradually increased over the past 10 years. Most papers appeared in journals with a focus on gene and molecular research, such as Molecular Therapy, Neuromuscular Disorders, and PLoS One. The 10 most-cited papers from 2002 to 2006 were mostly about different kinds of stem cell transplantation for muscle regeneration, while the 10 most-cited papers from 2007 to 2011 were mostly about new techniques of stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy. CONCLUSION： The publications on stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy were relatively few. It also needs more research to confirm that stem cell therapy is a reliable treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.展开更多
Due to their relative abundance,stable biological properties and excellent reproductive activity,umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have previously been utilized for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy,whi...Due to their relative abundance,stable biological properties and excellent reproductive activity,umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have previously been utilized for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy,which is a muscular atrophy disease.Three patients who were clinically and pathologically diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were transplanted with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by intravenous infusion,in combination with multi-point intramuscular injection.They were followed up for 12 months after cell transplantation.Results showed that clinical symptoms significantly improved,daily living activity and muscle strength were enhanced,the sero-enzyme,electromyogram,and MRI scans showed improvement,and dystrophin was expressed in the muscle cell membrane.Hematoxylin-eosin staining of a muscle biopsy revealed that muscle fibers were well arranged,fibrous degeneration was alleviated,and fat infiltration was improved.These pieces of evidence suggest that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can be considered as a new regimen for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.展开更多
BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD),which is caused by a mutation/deletion in the dystrophin gene on the X-chromosome,is the most common type of neuromuscular disorder in pediatrics.Skeletal muscle weakness pr...BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD),which is caused by a mutation/deletion in the dystrophin gene on the X-chromosome,is the most common type of neuromuscular disorder in pediatrics.Skeletal muscle weakness progressively develops in DMD patients and usually leads to respiratory failure in the early adolescent years.Cardiac muscle is frequently affected in DMD patients,which leads to a high burden of cardiomyopathy and heart failure.In the era of improved respiratory care,cardiac deaths are becoming the major cause of mortality in DMD patients.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 15-year-old boy who presented to the hospital due to recurrent orthopnea for 6 mo and palpitations for 4 mo.He was diagnosed with progressive muscular dystrophy at the age of 3 years and was confined to a wheelchair at 12 years.He was prescribed diuretics and digoxin at the outpatient clinic;however,his symptoms did not resolve.Sacubitril/valsartan was added 1 mo prior to presentation,but he experienced recurrent episodes of palpitations.The electrocardiogram showed atrial tachycardia with a heart rate of 201 bpm,and he was then hospitalized.Hypotension was found following the administration of sacubitril/valsartan tablets;he could not tolerate even a small dose,always developing tachyarrhythmia.His symptoms were relieved after discontinuing sacubitril/valsartan,and his heart rate was controlled by a small dose of metoprolol tartrate and digoxin.Atrial tachycardia spontaneously converted in this patient,and his symptoms attenuated in the following 6 mo,without palpitation episodes.CONCLUSION Blood pressure should be closely monitored in DMD patients with advanced heart failure when taking sacubitril/valsartan.展开更多
Muscular dystrophies are myopathies and tend to progressive, with ongoing degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and polio myelitis are essen...Muscular dystrophies are myopathies and tend to progressive, with ongoing degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and polio myelitis are essentially diseases of the anterior horn cells of the spine. It has been reported in literature that humoral immunity is manifested by the antibodies production. These are special chemical substances that react against foreign body. Antibodies are serum proteins, which are immunoglobulins and possess antibody activity and are classified according to antigens and stimulate their production such as IgA, JgG, IgM, IgD and IgE. All the immunological parameters such as of C3, C4, IgG, IgM and IgA, which are measured in Duchenne muscular dystrophy go down in comparison to healthy subjects. Complement C3 and Complement C4 go down about 44.3% and 78.57% respectively from the normal values. The serum IgG, IgM and IgA levels were also go down about 65%, 84% and 99.56% respectively in comparison to healthy subjects. A trend between all the immunoglobulins has been set up and it is rAG.M > rMA.G. > rGM.A, while we have a trend in DMD cases is rMA.G. > rAG.M > rGM.A We are in a position to say that our data have a relevance of high authenticity and reliability to accept that there is a deficit in immunity in DMD cases. The deficit in immunity may be a cause to damage muscle for abnormal functioning.展开更多
Our first intention to treat infants’ heart failure with beta blockers was to improve the clinical condition as shown in our prospective randomized trial. We only use non-selective beta blockers in these infants, car...Our first intention to treat infants’ heart failure with beta blockers was to improve the clinical condition as shown in our prospective randomized trial. We only use non-selective beta blockers in these infants, carvedilol in those with left ventricular dysfunction and propranolol in those with congenital heart disease without ventricular dysfunction. Despite a significant improvement of Ross’s heart failure score, we could not convince most colleagues within the last 25 years if the concept of neurohumoral activation in heart failure is not well-established pediatric cardiology. Recently, Honghai Liu et al. published that cardiomyocyte cytokinesis failure was increased in congenital heart disease. Inactivation of the beta adreno receptors genes and administration of the beta-blocker propranolol increased cardiomyocyte division in neonatal mice, which increased the number of cardiomyocytes (endowment) and conferred benefit after myocardial infarction in adults. We currently realize that propranolol in infants with congenital heart disease not only decrease highly elevated NT-Pro-BNP values but also decrease cardiac troponin T values that may indicate myocardial injury due to neurohumoral activation. We reproduce this observation, primarily seen in infants with congenital heart disease, in an infant with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. These observations were in good accordance with current data from H. Liu et al., who showed that treatment with non-selective beta blockers early after birth might rescue cytokinesis defects and prevent heart dysfunction in adulthood in a mouse model.展开更多
BACKGROUND：Previous studies indicate that vital capacity in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy increases with age when they are under 12 years old, and decreases from 13 or 14 years of age; however, recent stu...BACKGROUND：Previous studies indicate that vital capacity in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy increases with age when they are under 12 years old, and decreases from 13 or 14 years of age; however, recent studies indicate that the vital capacity in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy begins to decrease even before 12 years of age. OBJECTIVE： To verify if the vital capacity in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy decreases before the age of 12 years and to observe the effect of rehabilitation exercise on vital capacity. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The case analysis was performed at the Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University （Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China） from December 2004 to January 2006. PARTICIPANTS： Sixty-five male patients diagnosed as having Duchenne muscular dystrophy and who underwent pulmonary ventilation function examination at the Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University （Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China） from December 2004 to January 2006; ages ranged from 6 to 22 years old. METHODS： The ventilation function of 65 patients was determined using a Sensor Medics 2100 pulmonary function test apparatus （USA）, and the data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis comparing patients under 12 years of age and those above 13 years of age, and comparing those who performed rehabilitation exercise with those who did not. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Forced vital capacity （FVC）; forced expiratory volume in one second （FEV1）; maximal voluntary ventilation （MMV）; the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity （FEV1/FVC）; each measured value as a percentage of the corresponding predicted value. RESULTS： There were no significant differences in FVC, FEV1 and MMV between patients under 12 years of age and those above 13 years of age （P 〉 0.05）. The FVC, FEV1 and MMV values, as percentages of the predicted values, were, in patients under 12 years old, significantly higher than those in patients older than 13 （P 〈 0.05）. All ventilation function parameters except FEV1/FVC in patients undergoing rehabilitation exercise were higher than those in patients without rehabilitation exercise. This difference was not significant in patients under 12 years of age, but was statistically significant in those older than 13 years （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Although the values of ventilation function measured increase with age in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients less than 12 years of age, real ventilation function is already damaged. Thirteen years of age is an important time point for pulmonary function change. Rehabilitation exercise can slow down the process of pulmonary function exacerbation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients, especially when therapy starts before 12 years of age.展开更多
文摘BACKGROUND Life expectancy in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD)has improved due to advances in medical care.DMD patients develop progressive spinal deformity after loss of ambulatory function and onset of wheelchair dependence for mobility.There is limited published data on the effect of spinal deformity correction on long-term functional outcomes,quality of life(QoL),and satisfaction in DMD patients.AIM To investigate the long-term functional outcomes following spinal deformity correction in DMD patients.METHODS This was a retrospective cohort study from 2000-2022.Data was collected from hospital records and radiographs.At follow-up,patients completed the muscular dystrophy spine questionnaire(MDSQ).Statistical analysis was performed by linear regression analysis and ANOVA to analyse clinical and radiographic factors significantly associated with MDSQ scores.RESULTS Forty-three patients were included with mean age 14.4 years at surgery.Spinopelvic fusion was performed in 41.9%of patients.Mean surgical time was 352.1 min and mean blood loss was 36%of estimated total blood volume.Mean hospital stay was 14.1 d.Postoperative complications occurred in 25.6%of patients.Mean preoperative scoliosis was 58°,pelvic obliquity 16.4°,thoracic kyphosis 55.8°,lumbar lordosis 11.1°,coronal balance 3.8 cm,and sagittal balance+6.1 cm.Mean surgical correction of scoliosis was 79.2%and of pelvic obliquity was 80.8%.Mean follow-up was 10.9 years(range:2-22.5).Twenty-four patients had died at follow-up.Sixteen patients completed the MDSQ at mean age 25.4 years(range 15.2-37.3).Two patients were bed-ridden and 7 were on ventilatory support.Mean MDSQ total score was 38.1.All 16 patients were satisfied with the results of spinal surgery and would choose surgery again if offered.Most patients(87.5%)reported no severe back pain at follow-up.Factors significantly associated with functional outcomes(MDSQ total score)included greater duration of post-operative follow-up,age,scoliosis postoperatively,correction of scoliosis,increased lumbar lordosis postoperatively,and greater age at loss of independent ambulation.CONCLUSION Spinal deformity correction in DMD patients leads to positive long-term effects on QoL and high patient satisfaction.These results support spinal deformity correction to improve long-term QoL in DMD patients.
文摘Background:To determine the effectiveness of resistive range of motion exercises in improving muscle strength and functional abilities in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.The study was also aimed to determine if resistive range of motion exercises can slow down the progression of the disease.Methods:A seven-year-old male child was diagnosed with Duchenne muscle dystrophy presented to outpatient physiotherapy clinic.The patient was presented with difficulty in stair climbing,sitting up from the floor,fatigue,and muscle weakness specifically weakness in the proximal limb muscles.The progressive resistive range of motion training was implemented for four years to improve muscle strength and functional abilities.The medical research council grading scale,north ambulatory assessment scale,and creatine kinase were used to evaluate muscle strength,functional abilities,and creatine kinase levels.Results:The muscular strength and functional abilities did not improve after four years of exercise training.The creatine kinase levels were decreased over the period of four years.Conclusion:Resistive range of motion exercises are helpful in maintaining the muscular strength and functional abilities in Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
文摘Quantitative magnetic resonance image(MRI)in individual muscles may be useful for monitoring disease progression in Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD).The purpose of this study w批to measure丁2 relaxation time of thigh muscles in children with DMD and healthy boys,and to correlate the T2 relaxation time of muscles with the fat fraction(FF)at quantitative magnetic resonance and results of clinical assessment.Thirty-two boys with DMD and 18 healthy boys were evaluated with T2 mapping and three-point Dixon MRI.Age,body mass index(BMI),muscle strength assessment,timed functional tests(time to walk or run 10 metres,rise from the floor and ascend four stairs),and the North Star Ambulatory Assessment(NSAA)were evaluated.Spearman’s correlation was used to assess the relationships between FF and clinical assessments and T2 relaxation time.The mean T2 relaxation time of thigh muscles in DMD was significantly longer than that in the control group(P<0.05),except for the gracilis(P=0.952).The gracilis,sartorius and adductor longus were relatively spared by fatty infiltration in DMD patients.The T2 relaxation time was correlated significantly with the mean FF in all muscles.Age,BMI,total muscle strength score,timed functional tests and NSAA were significantly correlated with the overall mean T2 relaxation time.T2 mapping may prove clinically useful in monitoring muscle changes as a result of the disease process and in predicting the outcome of DMD patients.
基金supported by the Key TechnologiesR & D Program of Liaoning Province,No.2008225009.
文摘OBJECTIVE： To identify global research trends in stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy using a bibliometric analysis of Web of Science. DATA RETRIEVAL： We performed a bibliometric analysis of studies on stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy from 2002 to 2011 retrieved from Web of Science. SELECTION CRITERIA： Inclusion criteria： （a） peer-reviewed published articles on stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy indexed in Web of Science; （b） original research articles, reviews, meeting abstracts, proceedings papers, book chapters, editorial material, and news items; and （c） publication between 2002 and 2011. Exclusion criteria： （a） articles that required manual searching or telephone access; （b） documents that were not published in the public domain; and （c） corrected papers. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1）Annual publication output; （2） distribution according to subject areas; （3） distribution according to journals; （4） distribution according to country; （5） distribution according to institution; （6） distribution according to institution in China; （7） distribution according to institution that cooperated with Chinese institutions; （8） top-cited articles from 2002 to 2006; （9） top-cited articles from 2007 to 2011. RESULTS： A total of 318 publications on stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy were retrieved from Web of Science from 2002 to 2011, of which almost half derived from American authors and institutes. The number of publications has gradually increased over the past 10 years. Most papers appeared in journals with a focus on gene and molecular research, such as Molecular Therapy, Neuromuscular Disorders, and PLoS One. The 10 most-cited papers from 2002 to 2006 were mostly about different kinds of stem cell transplantation for muscle regeneration, while the 10 most-cited papers from 2007 to 2011 were mostly about new techniques of stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy. CONCLUSION： The publications on stem cell transplantation for treating Duchenne muscular dystrophy were relatively few. It also needs more research to confirm that stem cell therapy is a reliable treatment for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
基金a grant by Key Projects of Liaoning Province, No. 2008225009
文摘Due to their relative abundance,stable biological properties and excellent reproductive activity,umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells have previously been utilized for the treatment of Duchenne muscular dystrophy,which is a muscular atrophy disease.Three patients who were clinically and pathologically diagnosed with Duchenne muscular dystrophy were transplanted with umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cells by intravenous infusion,in combination with multi-point intramuscular injection.They were followed up for 12 months after cell transplantation.Results showed that clinical symptoms significantly improved,daily living activity and muscle strength were enhanced,the sero-enzyme,electromyogram,and MRI scans showed improvement,and dystrophin was expressed in the muscle cell membrane.Hematoxylin-eosin staining of a muscle biopsy revealed that muscle fibers were well arranged,fibrous degeneration was alleviated,and fat infiltration was improved.These pieces of evidence suggest that umbilical cord mesenchymal stem cell transplantation can be considered as a new regimen for Duchenne muscular dystrophy.
基金Natural Science Foundation of Zhejiang Province,No.LQ16H020004
文摘BACKGROUND Duchenne muscular dystrophy(DMD),which is caused by a mutation/deletion in the dystrophin gene on the X-chromosome,is the most common type of neuromuscular disorder in pediatrics.Skeletal muscle weakness progressively develops in DMD patients and usually leads to respiratory failure in the early adolescent years.Cardiac muscle is frequently affected in DMD patients,which leads to a high burden of cardiomyopathy and heart failure.In the era of improved respiratory care,cardiac deaths are becoming the major cause of mortality in DMD patients.CASE SUMMARY We report the case of a 15-year-old boy who presented to the hospital due to recurrent orthopnea for 6 mo and palpitations for 4 mo.He was diagnosed with progressive muscular dystrophy at the age of 3 years and was confined to a wheelchair at 12 years.He was prescribed diuretics and digoxin at the outpatient clinic;however,his symptoms did not resolve.Sacubitril/valsartan was added 1 mo prior to presentation,but he experienced recurrent episodes of palpitations.The electrocardiogram showed atrial tachycardia with a heart rate of 201 bpm,and he was then hospitalized.Hypotension was found following the administration of sacubitril/valsartan tablets;he could not tolerate even a small dose,always developing tachyarrhythmia.His symptoms were relieved after discontinuing sacubitril/valsartan,and his heart rate was controlled by a small dose of metoprolol tartrate and digoxin.Atrial tachycardia spontaneously converted in this patient,and his symptoms attenuated in the following 6 mo,without palpitation episodes.CONCLUSION Blood pressure should be closely monitored in DMD patients with advanced heart failure when taking sacubitril/valsartan.
文摘Muscular dystrophies are myopathies and tend to progressive, with ongoing degeneration and regeneration of muscle fibers. Spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) and polio myelitis are essentially diseases of the anterior horn cells of the spine. It has been reported in literature that humoral immunity is manifested by the antibodies production. These are special chemical substances that react against foreign body. Antibodies are serum proteins, which are immunoglobulins and possess antibody activity and are classified according to antigens and stimulate their production such as IgA, JgG, IgM, IgD and IgE. All the immunological parameters such as of C3, C4, IgG, IgM and IgA, which are measured in Duchenne muscular dystrophy go down in comparison to healthy subjects. Complement C3 and Complement C4 go down about 44.3% and 78.57% respectively from the normal values. The serum IgG, IgM and IgA levels were also go down about 65%, 84% and 99.56% respectively in comparison to healthy subjects. A trend between all the immunoglobulins has been set up and it is rAG.M > rMA.G. > rGM.A, while we have a trend in DMD cases is rMA.G. > rAG.M > rGM.A We are in a position to say that our data have a relevance of high authenticity and reliability to accept that there is a deficit in immunity in DMD cases. The deficit in immunity may be a cause to damage muscle for abnormal functioning.
文摘Our first intention to treat infants’ heart failure with beta blockers was to improve the clinical condition as shown in our prospective randomized trial. We only use non-selective beta blockers in these infants, carvedilol in those with left ventricular dysfunction and propranolol in those with congenital heart disease without ventricular dysfunction. Despite a significant improvement of Ross’s heart failure score, we could not convince most colleagues within the last 25 years if the concept of neurohumoral activation in heart failure is not well-established pediatric cardiology. Recently, Honghai Liu et al. published that cardiomyocyte cytokinesis failure was increased in congenital heart disease. Inactivation of the beta adreno receptors genes and administration of the beta-blocker propranolol increased cardiomyocyte division in neonatal mice, which increased the number of cardiomyocytes (endowment) and conferred benefit after myocardial infarction in adults. We currently realize that propranolol in infants with congenital heart disease not only decrease highly elevated NT-Pro-BNP values but also decrease cardiac troponin T values that may indicate myocardial injury due to neurohumoral activation. We reproduce this observation, primarily seen in infants with congenital heart disease, in an infant with Duchenne muscular dystrophy. These observations were in good accordance with current data from H. Liu et al., who showed that treatment with non-selective beta blockers early after birth might rescue cytokinesis defects and prevent heart dysfunction in adulthood in a mouse model.
文摘BACKGROUND：Previous studies indicate that vital capacity in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy increases with age when they are under 12 years old, and decreases from 13 or 14 years of age; however, recent studies indicate that the vital capacity in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy begins to decrease even before 12 years of age. OBJECTIVE： To verify if the vital capacity in patients with Duchenne muscular dystrophy decreases before the age of 12 years and to observe the effect of rehabilitation exercise on vital capacity. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The case analysis was performed at the Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University （Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China） from December 2004 to January 2006. PARTICIPANTS： Sixty-five male patients diagnosed as having Duchenne muscular dystrophy and who underwent pulmonary ventilation function examination at the Department of Neurology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-Sen University （Guangzhou, Guangdong Province, China） from December 2004 to January 2006; ages ranged from 6 to 22 years old. METHODS： The ventilation function of 65 patients was determined using a Sensor Medics 2100 pulmonary function test apparatus （USA）, and the data obtained were subjected to statistical analysis comparing patients under 12 years of age and those above 13 years of age, and comparing those who performed rehabilitation exercise with those who did not. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Forced vital capacity （FVC）; forced expiratory volume in one second （FEV1）; maximal voluntary ventilation （MMV）; the ratio of forced expiratory volume in one second and forced vital capacity （FEV1/FVC）; each measured value as a percentage of the corresponding predicted value. RESULTS： There were no significant differences in FVC, FEV1 and MMV between patients under 12 years of age and those above 13 years of age （P 〉 0.05）. The FVC, FEV1 and MMV values, as percentages of the predicted values, were, in patients under 12 years old, significantly higher than those in patients older than 13 （P 〈 0.05）. All ventilation function parameters except FEV1/FVC in patients undergoing rehabilitation exercise were higher than those in patients without rehabilitation exercise. This difference was not significant in patients under 12 years of age, but was statistically significant in those older than 13 years （P 〈 0.05）. CONCLUSION： Although the values of ventilation function measured increase with age in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients less than 12 years of age, real ventilation function is already damaged. Thirteen years of age is an important time point for pulmonary function change. Rehabilitation exercise can slow down the process of pulmonary function exacerbation in Duchenne muscular dystrophy patients, especially when therapy starts before 12 years of age.
