Duplicated chalcone synthase(CHS)genes modulate flavonoid production in tea plants in response to light stress

In tea plants,the abundant flavonoid compounds are responsible for the health benefits for the human body and define the astringent flavor profile.While the downstream mechanisms of flavonoid biosynthesis have been extensively studied,the role of chalcone synthase(CHS)in this secondary metabolic process in tea plants remains less clear.In this study,we compared the evolutionary profile of the flavonoid metabolism pathway and discovered that gene duplication of CHS occurred in tea plants.We identified three CsCHS genes,along with a CsCHS-like gene,as potential candidates for further functional investigation.Unlike the CsCHS-like gene,the CsCHS genes effectively restored flavonoid production in Arabidopsis chs-mutants.Additionally,CsCHS transgenic tobacco plants exhibited higher flavonoid compound accumulation compared to their wild-type counterparts.Most notably,our examination of promoter and gene expression levels for the selected CHS genes revealed distinct responses to UV-B stress in tea plants.Our findings suggest that environmental factors such as UV-B exposure could have been the key drivers behind the gene duplication events in CHS.

An Automatic Threshold Selection Using ALO for Healthcare Duplicate Record Detection with Reciprocal Neuro-Fuzzy Inference System

ESystems based on EHRs(Electronic health records)have been in use for many years and their amplified realizations have been felt recently.They still have been pioneering collections of massive volumes of health data.Duplicate detections involve discovering records referring to the same practical components,indicating tasks,which are generally dependent on several input parameters that experts yield.Record linkage specifies the issue of finding identical records across various data sources.The similarity existing between two records is characterized based on domain-based similarity functions over different features.De-duplication of one dataset or the linkage of multiple data sets has become a highly significant operation in the data processing stages of different data mining programmes.The objective is to match all the records associated with the same entity.Various measures have been in use for representing the quality and complexity about data linkage algorithms,and many other novel metrics have been introduced.An outline of the problem existing in themeasurement of data linkage and de-duplication quality and complexity is presented.This article focuses on the reprocessing of health data that is horizontally divided among data custodians,with the purpose of custodians giving similar features to sets of patients.The first step in this technique is about an automatic selection of training examples with superior quality from the compared record pairs and the second step involves training the reciprocal neuro-fuzzy inference system(RANFIS)classifier.Using the Optimal Threshold classifier,it is presumed that there is information about the original match status for all compared record pairs(i.e.,Ant Lion Optimization),and therefore an optimal threshold can be computed based on the respective RANFIS.Febrl,Clinical Decision(CD),and Cork Open Research Archive(CORA)data repository help analyze the proposed method with evaluated benchmarks with current techniques.

A case of duplicated inferior vena cava with bilateral iliac vein compression

Duplicated inferior vena cava with bilateral iliac vein compression is extremely rare.We report a case of an 87-year-old man presented with bilateral lower extremity swelling,who was noted to have duplicated inferior vena cava,as revealed by computed tomography angiography(CTA).This revealed bilateral iliac vein compression caused by surrounding structures.Anticoagulant treatment combined with stent implantation completely alleviated this chronic debilitating condition during the follow-up of 2 months with no recurrence.

真实世界证据与随机对照试验:RCT DUPLICATE项目方法学介绍

传统随机对照试验(RCT)之外基于真实世界数据(RWD)分析产生的证据,即真实世界证据(RWE),在医学研究领域受到越来越多的关注。哈佛大学的研究团队于2018年率先发起了RCT DUPLICATE项目,旨在利用RWD开展非随机的研究,来重复或预测RCT的结果,探索RWD产生RWE涉及的理论方法,进一步推广RWE的应用。本文简要介绍了该项目的产生背景、待重复或待预测的RCT的遴选标准,并对开展RWD研究过程中存在的偏倚及实际应用中的应对策略进行了重点讨论。本文进一步总结归纳了研究者在设计、实施和评估这类研究时需要关注的关键问题,并整理了该项目组提出的RWD研究的结构化流程框架,以期帮助国内学者更好地理解RWD研究的应用价值及其局限性,为相关领域的学者今后开展更深入的研究工作提供参考,为医疗监管机构进行决策提供证据支撑。

真实世界证据与随机对照试验:RCT DUPLICATE项目成果

随着医疗大数据的推广和使用,政策制定者和研究者逐渐聚焦于利用真实世界数据(RWD)产生真实世界证据(RWE)及其相关研究上。哈佛的研究团队于2018年率先发起了RCT DUPLICATE项目,通过利用RWD构建非随机的观察性研究,来重复随机对照试验(RCT)的结果,以期充分评估RWD产生RWE后达成的初期理论及进一步推广应用。本文在简要介绍了RCT DUPLICATE项目的背景和两个基于RWD形成的RWE并在此基础上获得审批的药物实例之后,对该项目的四个子项目的研究过程、研究进展及研究成果进行了重点阐述,希望对国内学者理解RWE的应用价值和日后深入地开展研究有所裨益。

真实世界证据与随机对照试验:RCT DUPLICATE项目概述

近年来,利用真实世界数据(real-world data,RWD)通过恰当的设计和分析产生真实世界证据(real-world evidence,RWE),已经成为学术界、工业界和监管机构共同关注的话题。但RWE能否代替来自严格受控的随机对照试验(RCT)产生的证据仍不确定。为此,2018年美国启动了RCT DUPLICATE项目,旨在利用真实世界证据,通过非随机的观察性研究来重复RCT的结果。本文回顾了RCT DUPLICATE产生的背景,重点介绍了该项目的研究团队、研究目的、研究内容及项目意义,以期促进国内学者更好地理解RWE的适用范围和应用价值。

Random Forests Algorithm Based Duplicate Detection in On-Site Programming Big Data Environment

On-site programming big data refers to the massive data generated in the process of software development with the characteristics of real-time,complexity and high-difficulty for processing.Therefore,data cleaning is essential for on-site programming big data.Duplicate data detection is an important step in data cleaning,which can save storage resources and enhance data consistency.Due to the insufficiency in traditional Sorted Neighborhood Method(SNM)and the difficulty of high-dimensional data detection,an optimized algorithm based on random forests with the dynamic and adaptive window size is proposed.The efficiency of the algorithm can be elevated by improving the method of the key-selection,reducing dimension of data set and using an adaptive variable size sliding window.Experimental results show that the improved SNM algorithm exhibits better performance and achieve higher accuracy.

Search for d-MPs without duplicates in two-terminal multistate networks based on MPs

The reliability evaluation of a multistate network is primarily based on d-minimal paths/cuts(d-MPs/d-MCs).However,being a nondeterminism polynomial hard(NP-hard)problem,searching for all d-MPs is a rather challenging task.In existing implicit enumeration algorithms based on minimal paths(MPs),duplicate d-MP candidates may be generated.An extra step is needed to locate and remove these duplicate d-MP candidates,which costs significant computational effort.This paper proposes an efficient method to prevent the generation of duplicate d-MP candidates for implicit enumeration algorithms for d-MPs.First,the mechanism of generating duplicate d-MP candidates in the implicit enumeration algorithms is discussed.Second,a direct and efficient avoiding-duplicates method is proposed.Third,an improved algorithm is developed,followed by complexity analysis and illustrative examples.Based on the computational experiments comparing with two existing algorithms,it is found that the proposed method can significantly improve the efficiency of generating d-MPs for a particular demand level d.

How to duplicate the procedural success of coronary interventions by the radial approach:tips and tricks in the selection and manipulations of guides

In this issue of the Journal of Geriatric Cardiology;Jing et al. showed off their near perfect results of percutaneous coronary interventions (PCI) through transfemoral approach (TFA) and transradial approach (TRA) in the elderly Chinese patients. All patients were older.than 60years of age, with an average of 67.……

Duplicates in systematic reviews: A critical, but often neglected issue

The number of systematic reviews is gradually increasing over time. Also, the methods to perform a systematic review are being improved. However, little attention has been paid for the issue regarding how to find duplicates in systematic reviews. On the basis of the survey and systematic reviews by our team and others, we review the prevalence, significance and classification of duplicates and the method to find duplicates in a systematic review. Notably, although a preliminary method to find duplicates is established, its usefulness and convenience need to be further confirmed.

Fast Semantic Duplicate Detection Techniques in Databases

Semantic duplicates in databases represent today an important data quality challenge which leads to bad decisions. In large databases, we sometimes find ourselves with tens of thousands of duplicates, which necessitates an automatic deduplication. For this, it is necessary to detect duplicates, with a fairly reliable method to find as many duplicates as possible and powerful enough to run in a reasonable time. This paper proposes and compares on real data effective duplicates detection methods for automatic deduplication of files based on names, working with French texts or English texts, and the names of people or places, in Africa or in the West. After conducting a more complete classification of semantic duplicates than the usual classifications, we introduce several methods for detecting duplicates whose average complexity observed is less than O(2n). Through a simple model, we highlight a global efficacy rate, combining precision and recall. We propose a new metric distance between records, as well as rules for automatic duplicate detection. Analyses made on a database containing real data for an administration in Central Africa, and on a known standard database containing names of restaurants in the USA, have shown better results than those of known methods, with a lesser complexity.

Duplicate Form of the Generalized Carlitz Inversions and Summation Formulae

The duplicate form of the generalized Gould-Hsu inversions has been obtained by Shi and Zhang. In this paper, we present a simple proof of this duplicate form. With the same method, we construct the duplicate form of the generalized Carlitz inversions. Using this duplicate form, we obtain several terminating basic hypergeometric identities and some limiting cases.

TCP Karak: A New TCP AIMD Algorithm Based on Duplicated Acknowledgements for MANET

Transmission Control Protocol (TCP) performance over MANET is an area of extensive research. Congestion control mechanisms are major components of TCP which affect its performance. The improvement of these mechanisms represents a big challenge especially over wireless environments. Additive Increase Multiplicative Decrease (AIMD) mechanisms control the amount of increment and decrement of the transmission rate as a response to changes in the level of contention on routers buffer space and links bandwidth. The role of an AIMD mechanism in transmitting the proper amount of data is not easy, especially over MANET. This is because MANET has a very dynamic topology and high bit error rate wireless links that cause packet loss. Such a loss could be misinterpreted as severe congestion by the transmitting TCP node. This leads to unnecessary sharp reduction in the transmission rate which could degrades TCP throughput. This paper introduces a new AIMD algorithm that takes the number of already received duplicated ACK, when a timeout takes place, into account in deciding the amount of multiplicative decrease. Specifically, it decides the point from which Slow-start mechanism should begin its recovery of the congestion window size. The new AIMD algorithm has been developed as a new TCP variant which we call TCP Karak. The aim of TCP Karak is to be more adaptive to mobile wireless networks conditions by being able to distinguish between loss due to severe congestion and that due to link breakages or bit errors. Several simulated experiments have been conducted to evaluate TCP Karak and compare its performance with TCP NewReno. Results have shown that TCP Karak is able to achieve higher throughput and goodput than TCP NewReno under various mobility speeds, traffic loads, and bit error rates.

Unruptured Aneurysm at the Origin of the Duplicated Middle Cerebral Artery Treated by Coil Embolization: A Case Report

Aneurysm at the origin of a duplication of the middle cerebral artery (DMCA) is very rare, and only 29 treated cases have been reported. All of the cases were treated by direct surgery except a ruptured case treated by intentional partial coil embolization. We report the first unruptured case treated by coil embolization and review the previously published cases. Coil embolization can be alternative treatment for an unruptured aneurysm at the origin of the DMCA. Stable framing to spare the origin of it and prevention of thromboembolic complications are keys for safe treatment.

Estimation of mineral and trace element intake in vegans living in Japan by chemical analysis of duplicate diets

Thirty-six daily duplicate diet samples were collected from 12 healthy female Japanese vegans and sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, zinc, copper, manganese, iodine, selenium, chromium and molybdenum in the diets were measured to estimate mineral and trace element intake by Japanese vegans. Significantly higher intake of potassium, magnesium, phosphorus, iron, copper, manganese and molybdenum was observed in vegans than in general Japanese women, but no difference was observed in sodium, iodine, selenium and chromium intake. Vegan calcium intake tended to be low compared to that of general women but the difference was not significant. Since high potassium, magnesium and iron intakes cannot be achieved by general Japanese diets and high intake of potassium and magnesium may prevent hyperextension and cardiovascular disease in vegans, there are few problems with Japanese vegan diets regarding mineral and trace element intake, except for calcium intake, which is low as it is in the general Japanese people.

Anterior communicating artery aneurysm associated with duplicated hypoplastic right A1 segment

Variations of the anterior cerebral artery(ACA)-anterior communicating artery(ACo A) complex are commonly observed when associated with a symptomatic intracranial aneurysm. We report an asymptomatic ACo A aneurysm associated with duplicated hypoplastic A1 segment of the right ACA, observed in a 70-year-old female cadaver. Furthermore, the aneurysm, practically substituting the ACo A, caused a remarkable depression on the internal surface of the right frontal lobe, anterior to the optic chiasm. Aneurysms and other anomalies of the ACA and ACo A are common and their microvascular surgical management requires sound knowledge of the normal and variant vascular anatomy. Persistence of some embryonic vessels that normally disappear, disappearance of vessels that would normally persist or sprouting of new vessels due to hemodynamic and genetic factors are the usual causes for such anomalies. The high incidence of coexisting vascular anomalies and aneurysm suggests that such abnormalities predispose to aneurysm formation due to changes in the regional blood flow. A1 segment duplication has been reported to occur in 4% of subjects in cadaveric studies and in up to 0.5%-9.7% of cases of ACo A aneurysm surgery. Angiographic hypoplasias and aplasias of the A1 seg-ment have been also correlated with ACo A aneurysm patients.

Pedicle complex tissue flap transfer for reconstruction of duplicated thumbs with unequal size

BACKGROUND Thumb polydactyly is one of the most common congenital hand deformities,and the Bilhaut-Cloquet procedure or a modified one is often used.However,controversy remains over the rare instances in which both thumbs are not of similar length or far apart in distance.AIM To evaluate the clinical outcomes of pedicle complex tissue flap transfer in the treatment of duplicated thumbs with unequal size.METHODS From January 2014 to December 2020,15 patients underwent duplicated thumb reconstruction by pedicle complex tissue flap transfer at our hand surgery center.The technique was used when it was necessary to combine different tissues from both severed and preserved thumbs that were not of similar length or far apart in distance.Subjective parents’evaluations and functional outcomes(ALURRA and TATA criteria)were obtained.The alignment deviation,instability,range of motion(percent of opposite thumb)of the interphalangeal and metacarpophalangeal joints,and the aesthetic aspects,including circumference,length,nail size,and nail deformity,were used to assess the clinical outcomes.RESULTS The average age of patients at the time of surgery was 13 mo,and the mean final follow-up occurred at 42 mo.An appropriate volume with a stable joint and good appearance was obtained in 14 reconstructed thumbs.An unstable interphalangeal joint occurred in one thumb.The flexion-extension arc at the metacarpophalangeal joint was good,while that at the interphalangeal joint was poor.Most of the parents were satisfied with the cosmetic and functional results of the reconstructed thumbs.The mean ALURRA score was 21.8(range:20-24),and the Tada score was 6.9(range:5-8).Compared with the non-operated side,the length of the operated thumb was approximately 95%,the girth was 89%,and the nail width was 82.9%.The mean ranges of motion were 62.1%of that of the unaffected thumb in the interphalangeal joint and 78.3%in the metacarpophalangeal joint.CONCLUSION Harvesting a pedicle flap from a severed thumb is a safe and reliable procedure.Defects of the preserved thumb,such as the skin,nail,and bone,can be effectively restored using the complex tissue flap.

The power of“controllers”:Transposon-mediated duplicated genes evolve towards neofunctionalization

Since the discovery of the first transposon by Dr.Barbara McClintock,the prevalence and diversity of transposable elements(TEs)have been gradually recognized.As fundamental genetic components,TEs drive organismal evolution not only by contributing functional sequences(e.g.,regulatory elements or“controllers”as phrased by Dr.McClintock)but also by shuffling genomic sequences.In the latter respect,TE-mediated gene duplications have contributed to the origination of new genes and attracted extensive interest.In response to the development of this field,we herein attempt to provide an overview of TEmediated duplication by focusing on common rules emerging across duplications generated by different TE types.Specifically,despite the huge divergence of transposition machinery across TEs,we identify three common features of various TE-mediated duplication mechanisms,including end bypass,template switching,and recurrent transposition.These three features lead to one common functional outcome,namely,TE-mediated duplicates tend to be subjected to exon shuffling and neofunctionalization.Therefore,the intrinsic properties of the mutational mechanism constrain the evolutionary trajectories of these duplicates.We finally discuss the future of this field including an in-depth characterization of both the duplication mechanisms and functions of TE-mediated duplicates.

A novel domain-duplicated SlitFAR3 gene involved in sex pheromone biosynthesis in Spodoptera litura

Fatty acyl reductases(FARs)are key enzymes that participate in sex pheromone biosynthesis by reducing fatty acids to fatty alcohols.Lepidoptera typically harbor numerous FAR gene family members.Although FAR genes are involved in the biosynthesis of sex pheromones in moths,the key FAR gene of Spodoptera litura remains unclear.In this work,we predicted 30 FAR genes from the S.litura genome and identified a domain duplication within gene SlitFAR3,which exhibited high and preferential expression in the sexually mature female pheromone glands(PGs)and a rhythmic expression pattern during the scotophase of sex pheromone production.The molecular docking of SlitFAR3,as predicted using a 3D model,revealed a co-factor NADPH binding cavity and 2 substrate binding cavities.Functional expression in yeast cells combined with comprehensive gas chromatography indicated that the SlitFAR3 gene could produce fatty alcohol products.This study is the first to focus on the special phenomenon of FAR domain duplication,which will advance our understanding of biosynthesis-related genes from the perspective of evolutionary biology.