BACKGROUND： The pathological mechanism of secondary brain lesion following an embolism remains unclear. The establishment of an animal model that imitates the clinical pathophysiological processes is crucial to bette...BACKGROUND： The pathological mechanism of secondary brain lesion following an embolism remains unclear. The establishment of an animal model that imitates the clinical pathophysiological processes is crucial to better study this disease during a certain time window. OBJECTIVE： To establish a new animal model of dural venous sinus embolism that is simple, has a high success rate, and emulates the pathophysiological course of clinical disease. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized block design trial was performed at the Department of Anatomy, Ningxia Medical College between March and December 2007. MATERIALS： Fifty-eight healthy, adult, Sprague Dawley rats were used in the present study. Plastic emboli, with a total length of 0.4 cm, were self-made. Each plastic embolus had a conical anterior segment; the largest diameter being 0.12 cm. The posterior segment became gradually thin and flat, with a width of 0.2 cm and length of 0.1 cm. METHODS： The fifty-eight rats were randomly divided into three groups： control （n = 6）, embolism （n = 26）, and sham-embolism （n = 26） groups. In the embolism group, a solid embolus was slowly inserted and fixed into the posterior part of the superior sagittal sinus against the flow of blood. The posterior segment was detained outside the superior sagittal sinus for fixing. In the sham-embolism group, rats were subjected only to sinus sagittalis superior exposure. In the control group, rats received no treatments. In both the embolism and the sham-embolism groups, the rat brains were resected at 6 hours, 1, 3, and 5 days post-surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） Brain surface appearance in the embolism and sham-embolism groups. （2） Thrombosis in the embolism group. （3） Cerebrospinal fluid content in the above-mentioned two groups. RESULTS： In the embolism group, the model success rate was 92% （24/26）. There was visible thrombosis in the superior sagittal sinus. Cerebral edema was noticeable under a microscope. These changes were visible at 6 hours after embolism and were most obvious at 1 day after surgery. In the embolism group, cerebrospinal fluid content reached a peak level at 6 hours post-surgery and was significantly increased compared with the sham-embolism and the control groups （P 〈 0.05）. At 1 day post-surgery, the amount of cerebrospinal fluid was still greater in the embolism group compared to the control group （P 〈 0.05） CONCLUSION： The method of inserting a solid embolus has many benefits, such as being able to directly observe, short cycle time, and minimal wound. The detained posterior segment prevents movement and perfusion of embolus, which results in a high success rate.展开更多
Although recurrent traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula （CCF） and its treatment have beenreported sporadically,^1 a complex cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula （DAVF） secondary to balloon embolization of a ...Although recurrent traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula （CCF） and its treatment have beenreported sporadically,^1 a complex cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula （DAVF） secondary to balloon embolization of a direct traumatic CCF is rare. In 2005, we treated such a case via transvenous approach using coils and N-buty-2- cyanoacrylate （NBCA）. The causes of recurrent cavernous sinus DAVF and its endovascular approach are discussed.展开更多
Dural arteriovenous fistulas(DAVFs)are rare vascular abnormalities that comprise 10%-15%of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations.The pathogenesis of DAVFs is still uncertain,although growing angiographic eviden...Dural arteriovenous fistulas(DAVFs)are rare vascular abnormalities that comprise 10%-15%of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations.The pathogenesis of DAVFs is still uncertain,although growing angiographic evidence supports the acquired characteristics of this vascular disease.Here,we present the case of a 39-year-old man with incidental bilateral paraophthalmic aneurysms who experienced spontaneous retroocular pressure and mild headache.Magnetic resonance angiography revealed enlargement and a change in the shape of the right paraophthalmic aneurysm.The patient underwent a right pterional craniotomy for the intracranial aneurysms.Five months later,he presented with progressive pulsatile tinnitus.A diagnostic angiogram demonstrated a Cognard type I DAVF of the right sigmoid sinus.Based on this case,angiography monitoring is recommended.Herein we review and summarize postoperative DAVF cases.Common causes of acquired DAVFs and treatment selection are discussed based on relevant literature.展开更多
基金the Project of Key Subjects of Tianjin Medical University, No. 2004xk30
文摘BACKGROUND： The pathological mechanism of secondary brain lesion following an embolism remains unclear. The establishment of an animal model that imitates the clinical pathophysiological processes is crucial to better study this disease during a certain time window. OBJECTIVE： To establish a new animal model of dural venous sinus embolism that is simple, has a high success rate, and emulates the pathophysiological course of clinical disease. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized block design trial was performed at the Department of Anatomy, Ningxia Medical College between March and December 2007. MATERIALS： Fifty-eight healthy, adult, Sprague Dawley rats were used in the present study. Plastic emboli, with a total length of 0.4 cm, were self-made. Each plastic embolus had a conical anterior segment; the largest diameter being 0.12 cm. The posterior segment became gradually thin and flat, with a width of 0.2 cm and length of 0.1 cm. METHODS： The fifty-eight rats were randomly divided into three groups： control （n = 6）, embolism （n = 26）, and sham-embolism （n = 26） groups. In the embolism group, a solid embolus was slowly inserted and fixed into the posterior part of the superior sagittal sinus against the flow of blood. The posterior segment was detained outside the superior sagittal sinus for fixing. In the sham-embolism group, rats were subjected only to sinus sagittalis superior exposure. In the control group, rats received no treatments. In both the embolism and the sham-embolism groups, the rat brains were resected at 6 hours, 1, 3, and 5 days post-surgery. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： （1） Brain surface appearance in the embolism and sham-embolism groups. （2） Thrombosis in the embolism group. （3） Cerebrospinal fluid content in the above-mentioned two groups. RESULTS： In the embolism group, the model success rate was 92% （24/26）. There was visible thrombosis in the superior sagittal sinus. Cerebral edema was noticeable under a microscope. These changes were visible at 6 hours after embolism and were most obvious at 1 day after surgery. In the embolism group, cerebrospinal fluid content reached a peak level at 6 hours post-surgery and was significantly increased compared with the sham-embolism and the control groups （P 〈 0.05）. At 1 day post-surgery, the amount of cerebrospinal fluid was still greater in the embolism group compared to the control group （P 〈 0.05） CONCLUSION： The method of inserting a solid embolus has many benefits, such as being able to directly observe, short cycle time, and minimal wound. The detained posterior segment prevents movement and perfusion of embolus, which results in a high success rate.
文摘Although recurrent traumatic carotid-cavernous fistula （CCF） and its treatment have beenreported sporadically,^1 a complex cavernous sinus dural arteriovenous fistula （DAVF） secondary to balloon embolization of a direct traumatic CCF is rare. In 2005, we treated such a case via transvenous approach using coils and N-buty-2- cyanoacrylate （NBCA）. The causes of recurrent cavernous sinus DAVF and its endovascular approach are discussed.
文摘Dural arteriovenous fistulas(DAVFs)are rare vascular abnormalities that comprise 10%-15%of all intracranial arteriovenous malformations.The pathogenesis of DAVFs is still uncertain,although growing angiographic evidence supports the acquired characteristics of this vascular disease.Here,we present the case of a 39-year-old man with incidental bilateral paraophthalmic aneurysms who experienced spontaneous retroocular pressure and mild headache.Magnetic resonance angiography revealed enlargement and a change in the shape of the right paraophthalmic aneurysm.The patient underwent a right pterional craniotomy for the intracranial aneurysms.Five months later,he presented with progressive pulsatile tinnitus.A diagnostic angiogram demonstrated a Cognard type I DAVF of the right sigmoid sinus.Based on this case,angiography monitoring is recommended.Herein we review and summarize postoperative DAVF cases.Common causes of acquired DAVFs and treatment selection are discussed based on relevant literature.
