西方商业银行资产负债管理中的Duration理论及其借鉴意义

Duration理论和方法在现代西方商业银行的资产负债管理中占有十分重要的地位。狭义的Duration理论作为分析债券时问因素的一种手段或方法,可以确定债券的再投资风险和价格风险相等的点,也可以用以推算出利率变化与债券价值多动的相互关系。广义的Duration理论则被扩展应用到分析商业银行所有资产负债的利率风险。在我国银行体制的改革过程中,这一理论是很有借鉴意义的。

基于密度泛函理论纤维素热解机理热力学研究

为了探究纤维素的热解机理,参考相关的实验结果,以纤维素单体模化物为研究对象,采用密度泛函理论的方法,以b3lyp/6-31++g(d,p)为基,对纤维素单体热解反应生成乙醇醛和CO_(2)小分子的反应机理进行动力学研究.纤维素单体热解生成乙醇醛和CO_(2)的反应路径为纤维素单体首先开环,之后裂解生成四糖片段M2和乙醇醛P1,能垒最高为339.1 kJ/mol,四糖片段M2经过脱水形成烯酮结构后再与水分子作用生成羧基,最后发生脱羧反应生成CO_(2),能垒较高为290.1 kJ/mol,不容易发生,整个过程放出98.9 kJ/mol的热量,并对路径反应物、中间体和过渡态进行几何构型全优化,过渡态的振动和频率计算,同时进行不同温度下(400 K、600 K、800 K、1000 K、1200 K)热解过程的热力学分析,对纤维素的热解机理研究将对生物质的热裂解机理研究有重要的意义.

Association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity with incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based cohort study

Purpose:The aim of the current study was to investigate the association of accelerometer-measured sleep duration and different intensities of physical activity(PA)with the risk of incident type 2 diabetes in a population-based prospective cohort study.Methods:Altogether,88,000 participants(mean age=62.2±7.9 years,mean±SD)were included from the UK Biobank.Sleep duration(short:<6 h/day;normal:6-8 h/day;long:>8 h/day)and PA of different intensities were measured using a wrist-won accelerometer over a 7-day period between 2013 and 2015.PA was classified according to the median or World Health Organization-recommendation:total volume of PA(high,low),moderate-to-vigorous PA(MVPA)(recommended,not recommended),and light-intensity PA(high,low).Incidence of type 2diabetes was ascertained using hospital records or death registries.Results:During a median follow-up of 7.0 years,1615 incident type 2 diabetes cases were documented.Compared with normal sleep duration,short(hazard ratio(HR)=1.21,95%confidence interval(95%CI):1.03-1.41)but not long sleep duration(HR=1.01,95%CI:0.89-1.15)was associated with excessive type 2 diabetes risk.This increased risk among short sleepers seems to be protected against by PA.Compared with normal sleepers with high or recommended PA,short sleepers with low volume of PA(HR=1.81,95%CI:1.46-2.25),not recommended(below the World Health Organization-recommended level of)MVPA(HR=1.92,95%CI:1.55-2.36),or low light-intensity PA(HR=1.49,95%CI:1.13-1.90)had a higher risk of type 2 diabetes,while short sleepers with a high volume of PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.88-1.49),recommended MVPA(HR=1.02,95%CI:0.71-1.48),or high light-intensity PA(HR=1.14,95%CI:0.92-1.41)did not.Conclusion:Accelerometer-measured short but not long sleep duration was associated with a higher risk of incident type 2 diabetes.A higher level of PA,regardless of intensity,potentially ameliorates this excessive risk.

基于TRIZ理论的回水阀开口挡圈装配机创新设计

为解决地暖回水阀开口挡圈装配效率低的问题,基于TRIZ理论对回水阀开口挡圈装配机进行创新设计。通过九屏幕分析法提出了解决问题的方向,通过功能分析法得到了系统存在的问题,采用因果分析法得出了问题产生的根本原因。运用技术矛盾法、物理矛盾法、物-场模型法解决了装配开口挡圈效率低的问题,并提出了11条解决方案,进而设计出一种回水阀开口挡圈装配机。通过ANSYS软件进行压环装置的应力应变仿真,验证了装置强度的可靠性;通过ADAMS软件进行传动过程的运动仿真,验证了设计方案的合理性。本研究为回水阀开口挡圈装配机的创新设计提供了新思路。

基于超星学习通探讨中医基础理论教学模式改革

中医基础理论属于中医学专业基础课中的核心主干课程,是中医院校各专业学生学习中医药学其他各门基础课程和临床课程必修的专业基础理论课程。在传统教学模式下,该课程的重点、难点问题教学效果受限。因此辽宁中医药大学结合超星学习通平台,对中医基础理论教学模式进行改革,以提高学生学习兴趣、培养其自主学习能力并加深对教学内容的理解和掌握,提高了教学效果。

新质生产力的理论框架、体制机制与未来图景

新质生产力本质上是一种先进生产力,新质生产力的理论框架是在生产力理论发展演进中形成的。古典政治经济学家对生产力理论的早期探索为马克思主义生产力理论的建立提供了有益借鉴,马克思对生产力理论的系统阐述为新质生产力的提出奠定了坚实的理论基础。新质生产力是马克思主义生产力理论中国化时代化的最新成果。新质生产力的运行只有在与之相适应的新型生产关系中才能实现,必须进一步全面深化改革,形成与之相适应的新型生产关系。一是更好实现市场和政府有机结合,激发新质生产力的创新活力;二是健全完善新型举国体制,为加快培育发展新质生产力提供体制保障;三是扩大高水平对外开放,为新质生产力营造良好的国际环境。产业是新质生产力的载体,新质生产力的未来图景必然在现代化产业体系中展现。因此,要促进数实融合,推动传统产业深度转型;要引领产业变革新浪潮,持续壮大战略性新兴产业;要积极开辟发展新赛道,推动未来产业蓬勃发展。

加替沙星拉曼光谱、紫外吸收光谱及微观结构的理论研究

基于密度泛函理论(Density functional theory,DFT),M06-2X/6-311G(d,p)基组水平下对加替沙星分子的初始结构进行优化.计算其振动频率,采用VEDA4软件基于势能分布(Potential energy distribution,PED)计算结果对特征振动模式进行了归属指认,并和实验光谱进行了对比.绘制了分子表面静电势,分析分子可能发生亲电和亲核反应的位点.利用含时密度泛函理论(Time-dependent density functional theory,TDDFT)计算了加替沙星分子的激发态,讨论了加替沙星分子内的电子跃迁.该研究为分析加替沙星的光谱和电子结构提供了理论基础.

达卡巴嗪分子拉曼和紫外吸收光谱的理论研究

采用密度泛函理论(Density functionol theory,DFT),在B3LYP/6-31+g(d,p)基组水平上,对达卡巴嗪进行了结构优化,通过频率计算,获得达卡巴嗪的拉曼光谱,与实验获得的拉曼光谱进行对比,对400~2000 cm^(-1)频率范围内的拉曼光谱特征峰进行了指认归属.计算分析前线分子轨道和表面静电势,预测了达卡巴嗪分子化学反应发生的位点.采用含时密度泛函理论(Time-dependent density functional theory,TDDFT)计算了该分子的紫外吸收光谱和激发态,获得电荷转移光谱,分析了达卡巴嗪分子间的电荷转移关系.

心理学视角下课堂教学中的价值中立:理论、实践与影响

课堂教学中的价值中立旨在避免教师向学生直接灌输价值观,营造开放公正的环境,激发学生独立思考与观点的构建。其实践性体现在课程设计、教学方法与评价体系中,强调多元信息、互动与培养独立思考能力。该模式有益于培养学生的批判性思维、独立思考能力,减少偏见,增强包容心与同理心。实践方法包括开放式提问、合作学习、反思训练、情景模拟等。教师的自我觉察能力与情绪管理能力对价值中立的课堂教学至关重要。此教学模式对培养学生的批判性思维、多元文化接纳能力及道德判断力有深远影响。未来应继续深化理论研究、优化教学策略、强化实证研究,以提升价值中立课堂教学的科学性与实效性。

研究型大学教师参与教学改革的动力及其特征研究-基于符号互动理论分析的视角

大学教学质量的提升需要不断探索教学改革,其具体执行靠一线教师,一线教师有动力参与其中是教学改革成功的关键。文章基于质性研究方法,采用访谈法、参与式观察法、实物收集法等收集资料;对18所研究型大学、共计11个一级学科的33位一线教师进行深度访谈;运用Nvivo软件按照三级编码的操作程序和扎根理论的方法取径完成了理论建构。研究发现,大学教师参与教学改革包括不同主体主导因素、实践过程主导因素、目标结果主导因素和情境场景主导因素共四类32种动力因素。基于符号互动理论分析视角发现,研究型大学教师参与教.学改革的动力具有情境性、能动性和变化性特征,其动力因素具有多元性、矛盾性和复杂性特征,各个动力因素之间具有开放性、互动性和共生性特征。基于前述特征,政府、高校、二级学院教学管理者等需要营造积极的教学改革文化,发挥教学制度的正面效应,提供相应的教学支持保障。

使用合规农药能确保农产品“地头”质量安全吗?——基于豇豆农户的扎根理论分析

新的农产品质量安全法首次将小农户施药行为纳入监管范围,进一步厘清农户施药行为的影响机理与因素,有助于政府精准施策。通过对海南3个村32户农民豇豆种植过程的全程蹲点跟踪,对豇豆施药环节的参与式观察与深度访谈,运用扎根理论分析了访谈资料。研究发现:农户施药环节是一个复杂的行为选择过程,即使施用合规农药也不能确保农产品在产地的质量安全。在合规农药视角下影响农户施药行为选择的最重要因素是信息渠道,其次是农产品质量安全管理的政策强度、农产品市场价格和农村劳动用工成本。同时,邻里效应在农户施药行为选择中的作用越来越弱。在此基础上提出,要增加农户用药信息的有效供给渠道,加强农产品质量安全的全面检测,坚持为农户提供形式多样的有针对性的有效培训,增加重要食用农产品质量安全关键技术供给与推广,加强农产品“优质优价”市场建设的政策建议,并进一步指出海南自贸港建设和RECP协议实施背景下提升海南农产品质量安全水平的紧迫性。

Wild Nutrition’s Food-Grown® Magnesium Supplementation Increases Sleep Quality and Sleep Duration and Reduces Stress in a Healthy Adult Population: A Double-Blind, Randomised, Placebo-Controlled Study

Background: Magnesium, an essential mineral crucial for various bodily functions, has been shown to positively influence sleep patterns. This study aimed to evaluate the efficacy of Food-Grown® magnesium in enhancing sleep quality and duration, as well as overall well-being. Methods: Eighty participants were randomly assigned to receive either 80 mg of Food-Grown® magnesium or a placebo (microcrystalline cellulose) daily for 8 weeks. Participants completed questionnaires assessing sleep quality, daytime drowsiness, quality of life, anxiety, and stress levels. Additionally, participants maintained daily sleep diaries and wore wrist-worn actigraphy devices. The primary outcome measured was the change in sleep quality and duration. Results: Seventy-one participants fulfilled all study requirements (35 in the active group and 36 in the placebo group). Magnesium supplementation significantly improved reported sleep quality, with the active group showing a 32% increase compared to 16% in the placebo group (p = 0.034). Moreover, magnesium supplementation led to a decrease in reported stress scores at week 8 compared to the placebo group (3.7 ± 2.6 vs. 5.5 ± 3.1, respectively). Both the magnesium and placebo groups exhibited significant increases in reported sleep duration and reductions in time to fall asleep, sleep disturbance, sleep latency, sleep medication usage, and total Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index score at week 8 compared to baseline. Conclusion: Magnesium supplementation notably enhanced sleep quality and reduced stress levels compared to the placebo group. These findings highlight the potential of magnesium as a beneficial supplement for improving sleep quality and overall well-being.

Spatiotemporal changes in sunshine duration and its influential factors in Chongqing,China from 1961 to 2020

The surface solar radiation in most parts of the world has undergone a phenomenon known as global dimming and brightening,characterized by an initial decrease followed by an increase.As a result,the sunshine duration(SD)has decreased in the past 60 years.Against the backdrop of global dimming and brightening,SD has decreased to varying degrees in many regions of China.Using the observed data of SD,cloud amount(total cloud amount and low cloud amount,abbreviated as TCA and LCA),precipitation,and relative humidity(RH)from 34 meteorological stations in Chongqing during the period of 1961-2020,along with a digital elevation model(DEM)with a resolution of 90 m,this study analyzed the spatiotemporal variations and influencing factors of SD.The analysis employed methods such as linear regression,Mann-Kendall test,wavelet transformation,and DEM-based possible SD distributed model.The results showed that the annual SD in Chongqing has significantly decreased over the last 60 years,with a decreasing interannual trend rate(ITR)of 40.4 h/10a.Except for no obvious trend in spring,SD decreased significantly in summer,autumn and winter at the ITR of 21.1 h/10a,8.5 h/10a and 7.5 h/10a,respectively.An abrupt decrease in the annual SD was found in 1979.The difference before and after the abrupt decrease was 177.7 h.The difference before and after the abrupt decrease was 177.7 h.The annual SD possessed the oscillation period of 11a.The spatial heterogeneity of the mean annual SD during the last 60 years was obvious.The distribution of SD in Chongqing is high in the northeast and low in the southeast.In addition,about 73%of the total area in Chongqing showed a significant and very significant decreasing trend.The regions with significant changes are mainly concentrated in the regions with altitudes of 200~1000 m.The increasing LCA was the main cause of the decrease of the annual SD in the regions with 200-400 m altitude decreased the most and changed the most.Increasing LCA is the primary cause of the reduction in annual SD,showing a strong negative correlation coefficient of-0.7292.In Chongqing,PM2.5 concentration showed a significant decrease trend in annual,spring,autumn and winter during 2000-2020,but the significant correlation between PM2.5 concentration and SD was only in autumn and reached an extremely significant level.

数字赋能农村基本公共服务理论机制研究

数字赋能农村基本公共服务,主要聚焦于供给主体、供给方式、价值目标和评价机制等四个核心问题,供给主体多元化是实现公共服务有效供给的关键因素,供给方式精准化是实现公共服务有效供给的重要目标,城乡公共服务均等化是实现数字乡村建设的价值目标,供需精准匹配、数据资源共享且安全规范是实现农村公共服务有效供给的评价标准。同时,就农村基本公共服务数字化存在的不足,提出优化路径。

景观叙事理论视角下的历史街区景观优化

历史街区作为表达城市人文特性的主要介质,有丰富的历史价值和文化价值,是展示城市风貌的重要载体。景观叙事学作为叙事学的分支,在城市开发、城镇化建设、历史文化传承中均起着重要作用。本研究以广西南宁蒲庙老街为例,寻找历史街区之间的景观叙事联系,探索出新的叙事可能性,以期提升历史街区的文化表达,为其他城市历史街区的发展提供新思路。

Dynamic Forecasting of Traffic Event Duration in Istanbul:A Classification Approach with Real-Time Data Integration

Today,urban traffic,growing populations,and dense transportation networks are contributing to an increase in traffic incidents.These incidents include traffic accidents,vehicle breakdowns,fires,and traffic disputes,resulting in long waiting times,high carbon emissions,and other undesirable situations.It is vital to estimate incident response times quickly and accurately after traffic incidents occur for the success of incident-related planning and response activities.This study presents a model for forecasting the traffic incident duration of traffic events with high precision.The proposed model goes through a 4-stage process using various features to predict the duration of four different traffic events and presents a feature reduction approach to enable real-time data collection and prediction.In the first stage,the dataset consisting of 24,431 data points and 75 variables is prepared by data collection,merging,missing data processing and data cleaning.In the second stage,models such as Decision Trees(DT),K-Nearest Neighbour(KNN),Random Forest(RF)and Support Vector Machines(SVM)are used and hyperparameter optimisation is performed with GridSearchCV.In the third stage,feature selection and reduction are performed and real-time data are used.In the last stage,model performance with 14 variables is evaluated with metrics such as accuracy,precision,recall,F1-score,MCC,confusion matrix and SHAP.The RF model outperforms other models with an accuracy of 98.5%.The study’s prediction results demonstrate that the proposed dynamic prediction model can achieve a high level of success.

A Proposal on the Novel Method to Estimate Optimal Sleep Duration Based on Self-Reported Survey Data

Background: Many adolescents have a sleep debt. Individuals sleeping for their optimal sleep duration are expected to experience no sleepiness. Then, it is important to recognize one’s optimal sleep duration to reduce sleep debt. However, there is no simple method to determine this value. Since body mass index and sleep duration exhibit a U-shaped association, it is expected that a person taking optimal sleep duration would show no marked deviation from the mean body mass index value for the population evaluated. By using self-reported sleepiness and standardized body mass index, this study aimed to estimate individual optimal sleep duration. Methods: Data from 2540 grade 5 - 11 students were used. Students who declared no sleepiness during class and also had a gender- and grade-standardized body mass index of ±1.5 were termed ideal students. The average sleep durations of ideal students were compared with those of non-ideal students. The differences of sleep duration between ideal and no-ideal students were added to habitual sleep duration of each non-ideal student to obtain assumed optimal sleep duration. A multiple regression line to predict assumed optimal sleep duration was calculated using the least squares method. Results: The mean sleep duration of 666 ideal students exceeded the lower limit of daily sleep duration proposed as “may be appropriate” for children aged 6 - 17 years by National Sleep Foundation of the USA, being longer than those of non-ideal students. Significant regression formula for assumed optimal sleep duration was obtained (adjusted R2 = 0.996, p Conclusions: No contradiction was identified in the sleep duration obtained from ideal students as with optimal sleep duration. Although further studies to confirm the current estimation are needed, a simple formula to estimate individual optimal sleep duration through easily obtainable parameters was proposed.

Efficacy of 25% dextrose versus breast milk on pain and duration of cry during heel prick in neonates: A systematic review and meta-analysis

Neonates,especially admitted to neonatal intensive care unit,frequently need various medical interventions in their early days.A common procedure is the heel prick for blood sampling.Although necessary for diagnosis,this procedure can be stressful for neonates,causing pain,extended crying,and discomfort.Reducing distress in neonates during such procedures is important for the well‐being of neonates and the satisfaction of caregivers and healthcare providers.Therefore,this review aims to identify and compare the efficacy of 25%dextrose and breast milk on pain and duration of cry among neonates during heel-lance.As part of its review process,the article examined widely used databases,including PubMed,EMBASE,Cochrane,Academia,and Google Scholar.For the meta-analysis,the authors utilized RevMan 5.4.All eligible trials were analyzed using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool to assess the quality of the included studies and evaluate the risk of bias.Out of 131 studies reviewed,seven studies were included in meta-analysis of pain,and four studies were included in duration of cry.The results show that 25%dextrose is more effective to reduce pain among neonates during minor invasive procedure like heel prick(P<0.00001),whereas both interventions are effective in the reduction of crying duration.This review highlights that dextrose is more effective in reducing pain in comparison to breast milk.However,additional well-designed studies with larger sample sizes and extended follow-up periods are needed to validate and build upon the current findings.Hence,this review underscores the importance of utilizing effective pain management strategies,such as 25%dextrose,to enhance neonatal care and improve the overall well-being of newborns during invasive procedures.

Contributors to tidal duration asymmetry with varied coastline configurations on western shelf of Yellow Sea

Coastal management in China is confronted with an urgent choice between natural restoration and maintenance of existing seawalls and reclaimed land for economic development.A key criterion for making this decision is the resilience to coastal flooding,which depends on the ability to predict tidal level.Tidal duration asymmetry(TDA)is a key parameter in determination of the arrival and duration of flood tides.This study selected the western inner shelf of the Yellow Sea(WYS)as the study area and investigated the responses of TDA to different shoreline configurations and relative sea level rise.The responses of TDA to shoreline reconstruction yielded spatial variability locally and remotely.In the nearshore area,the responses of TDA to the complex ocean environment mainly originated from the combined functions of reflection,bottom friction,and advection,which controlled the energy transfer from M2 or S2 constituents to their overtides or compound tides.The sensitivity of TDA to coastline typologies was not limited to coastal waters but could stretch over the entire inner shelf.The vulnerability of tidal responses was due to the displacement of the M2 amphidrome of the Kelvin wave on the WYS,which in turn changed tidal energy fluxes over the regime.The relative sea level rise could intensify the feedback of TDA to seawalls and land reclamation.

Vitamin D and selenium for type 2 diabetes mellitus with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis:Dosage and duration insights

This letter discusses the publication by Feng et al.Iodine,selenium,and vitamin D are closely associated with thyroid hormone production in humans;however,the efficacy of selenium and vitamin D supplementation for type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM)patients with Hashimoto’s thyroiditis(HT)remains controversial.In the retrospective study we discuss herein,the authors highlighted significant improvements in thyroid function,thyroid antibodies,blood glucose,and blood lipid in T2DM patients with HT following addition of vitamin D and selenium to their antidiabetic regimens,underscoring the value of these supplements.Our team is currently engaged in research exploring the relationship between micronutrients and HT,and we have obtained invaluable insights from the aforementioned study.Based on this research and current literature,we recommend a regimen of 4000 IU/day of vitamin D and 100-200μg/day of selenium for over three months to six months for patients with HT,particularly for those with concurrent T2DM.